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Oath sworn by members of the German armed forces and civil service from 1934
The Hitler Oath (German: Führereid, 'Führer Oath'), also referred to in English – but not in German – as the Soldier's Oath, refers to the oaths of allegiance
Hitler_Oath
Oaths of organisations in Nazi Germany
swear oaths to Adolf Hitler by name, rather than to the German state or an officeholder. Such oaths were intended to increase personal loyalty to Hitler and
Oaths_to_Hitler
Personal affirmation of a statement
pact made in 842. Hitler Oath, sworn by German soldiers of the Wehrmacht and the German civil service, pledging allegiance to Adolf Hitler personally. Omertà
Oath
Austrian Catholic priest (1903–1942)
Society of the Catholic Apostolate who refused to take the so-called Hitler Oath, for which he was executed. Franz Reinisch was born on 1 February 1903
Franz_Reinisch
The military career of Adolf Hitler, who was the dictator of Germany from 1933 until 1945, can be divided into two distinct portions of his life. Mainly
Military career of Adolf Hitler
Military_career_of_Adolf_Hitler
Hitler. I am willing and ready to give up my life for him, so help me God. — Hitler Youth Oath to Adolf Hitler Nazi propaganda indoctrinated Hitler Youth
Adolf Hitler's cult of personality
Adolf_Hitler's_cult_of_personality
Hitler, the dictator of Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945, was a painter in his youth. While living in Vienna between 1908 and 1913, Hitler
Paintings_by_Adolf_Hitler
1945 suicide of German dictator
On 30 April 1945, Adolf Hitler committed suicide by gunshot in the Führerbunker when it became clear that Germany would lose the Battle of Berlin, which
Death_of_Adolf_Hitler
The health of Adolf Hitler, the dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945, has long been a subject of popular controversy, including both his physical and
Health_of_Adolf_Hitler
Events leading to Hitler's dictatorship of Germany
German Reich". Only Hitler, as head of state, could dismiss Hitler as head of the government. All soldiers took the Hitler Oath on the day of Hindenburg's
Adolf_Hitler's_rise_to_power
Controversial statement and internet meme
"Hitler was right" and "Hitler did nothing wrong" are statements and internet memes either expressing support for Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler or trolling
Hitler_was_right
Theory that Adolf Hitler only had one testicle
Claims that Adolf Hitler had only one testicle (monorchism) have been scrutinized by historians. A 1923 medical report from Hitler's arrival to prison
Possible monorchism of Adolf Hitler
Possible_monorchism_of_Adolf_Hitler
Dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945
Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Germany in the Nazi era from 1933 until his suicide
Adolf_Hitler
Adolf Hitler's banner of arms
title which in practice was only held by Adolf Hitler). It typically indicated the presence of Hitler at official events and was displayed in the form
Personal standard of Adolf Hitler
Personal_standard_of_Adolf_Hitler
Individual oath to a state
Chapter 17 Bay'ah Hitler Oath (Germany between the years 1934 and 1945) Loyalty oath National Pledge (India) National Pledge (Singapore) Oath of Allegiance
Oath_of_allegiance
The religious beliefs of Adolf Hitler, the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945, have been a matter of debate. His opinions regarding religious matters
Religious views of Adolf Hitler
Religious_views_of_Adolf_Hitler
1925 autobiography by Adolf Hitler
autobiographical and political manifesto by Adolf Hitler, the leader of the Nazi Party. The book outlines many of Hitler's political beliefs, his political ideology
Mein_Kampf
Austrian conscientious objector and Catholic martyr (1907–1943)
completed his training at the Enns garrison. He refused to take the Hitler oath, but could return home in 1941 under an exemption as a farmer. Faced
Franz_Jägerstätter
Adolf Hitler, dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945, initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was central to
Adolf_Hitler's_bodyguard
Unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945
took the Hitler oath, an oath of personal loyalty to Hitler. Hitler was most surprised at the offer; the popular view that Hitler imposed the oath on the
Wehrmacht
Hitler's unpublished second book, focusing on foreign policy
Hitlers Zweites Buch (German: [ˈtsvaɪ̯təs buːx], "Second Book"), published in English as Hitler's Secret Book and later as Hitler's Second Book, consists
Hitlers_Zweites_Buch_(1928)
Italian Roman Catholic
member of Catholic Action. He is known best for refusing to recite the Hitler oath after he was drafted as a Nazi soldier and was sentenced to death at
Josef_Mayr-Nusser
There is no evidence that Adolf Hitler, the dictator of Nazi Germany, used look-alikes as political decoys during his life, but it has been the subject
Alleged doubles of Adolf Hitler
Alleged_doubles_of_Adolf_Hitler
Adolf Hitler, dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945, earned millions of Reichsmarks (ℛℳ) throughout his political career, mainly through sales of his book
Wealth_of_Adolf_Hitler
German word meaning 'leader' or 'guide'
created the Hitler oath, or the personal oath of loyalty of the military to Hitler, became the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces while Hitler remained
Führer
Unit of Spanish volunteers in the German Wehrmacht during World War II
to have shot down 156 Soviet aircraft. On 31 July, after taking the Hitler Oath, the Blue Division was formally incorporated into the German Wehrmacht
Blue_Division
Combined military forces of Germany 1921–1935
'tame' the Nazis, had the Reichswehr swear its oath personally to Hitler. Under the Weimar Republic the oath had been to the constitution. On 1 March 1935
Reichswehr
Heraldic motif of an oath-taking hand gesture
military oath in 2005 Polish military recruits being sworn in A Swiss Guard recruit being sworn in German Reichswehr soldiers swearing the Hitler oath in 1934
Schwurhand
Emergency German government following the death of Hitler
declaration to the members of the German Armed Forces claiming that the Hitler Oath "now binds each and every one of you to me, whom he himself appointed
Goebbels_cabinet
Overview of Jewish soldiers of Nazi Germany
basis that they were a security risk, but was overruled by Führer Adolf Hitler, who wrote to Himmler on 31 August 1935 compelling him to make an exception
German Jewish military personnel of World War II
German_Jewish_military_personnel_of_World_War_II
German state from 1933 to 1945
state with Hitler at its head. As head of state, Hitler became Supreme Commander of the armed forces. The new law provided an altered loyalty oath for servicemen
Nazi_Germany
the Hitler oath in replacement of the former oath to uphold the constitution, as a strict condition of remaining employed. Those that swore the oath (even
Legal_status_of_Germany
This is an incomplete list of documented attempts to assassinate Adolf Hitler. All attempts occurred in Nazi Germany except where noted. At least 42 plots
Assassination attempts on Adolf Hitler
Assassination_attempts_on_Adolf_Hitler
Fictional musical in the 1967 film The Producers
kill them under the accusation of breaking the Siegfried Oath by making a fool out of Hitler ("He didn't need our help!"). He breaks his other leg while
Springtime_for_Hitler
Roman Catholic society of apostolic life
February 1903 – 21 August 1942), killed for refusing to take the so-called Hitler oath, declared as a Servant of God in 2013 Jan Szambelańczyk and 4 Companions
Pallottines
Area of study on dictator of Germany
The historiography of Adolf Hitler deals with the academic studies of Adolf Hitler from the 1930s to the present. In 1998, a German editor said there were
Historiography of Adolf Hitler
Historiography_of_Adolf_Hitler
Adolf Hitler, chancellor and dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945, signed his political testament and his private will in the Führerbunker on 29 April
Last will and testament of Adolf Hitler
Last_will_and_testament_of_Adolf_Hitler
1944 attempted assassination of Adolf Hitler
reswear his loyalty oath, by name, to Hitler and on 24 July 1944 the military salute was replaced throughout the armed forces with the Hitler Salute in which
20_July_plot
Greeting gesture used in Nazi Germany
The Nazi salute, also known as the Hitler salute, or the Sieg Heil salute, is a gesture that was used as a greeting in Nazi Germany. The salute is performed
Nazi_salute
German politician (1884–1945)
to remove Hitler at this point would ensure that the blood of millions would be on his hands. Halder told Goerdeler that his oath to Hitler and his belief
Carl_Friedrich_Goerdeler
Youth organization of the Nazi party for boys
adventure and propaganda. Recruits were required to swear a version of the Hitler oath: "In the presence of this blood banner which represents our Führer, I
Deutsches_Jungvolk
Relationship between the NSDAP and the Wehrmacht
disobeying Ebert's orders to suppress the putsch were later to claim that the Hitler oath made it impossible for them to resist the Nazi regime. Right from the
Nazism_and_the_Wehrmacht
Founder of the anti-Nazi White Rose (1917–1943)
last moment, however, he had second thoughts and refused to swear the Hitler Oath, yet was still allowed to join. In 1938, he took part in the Anschluss
Alexander_Schmorell
This bibliography of Adolf Hitler is a thematic list of some non-fiction texts in English written about and by him. Thousands of books and other texts
Bibliography_of_Adolf_Hitler
American far-right anti-government militia
Oath Keepers is an American far-right anti-government militia whose leaders have been convicted of violently opposing the US government, including the
Oath_Keepers
Christian community service organization
First Commandment", killed by the Nazis because of refusal to take the Hitler Oath and to be drafted as a Nazi soldier, beatified on 18 March 2017 The St
Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
Society_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul
Town in Vorarlberg, Austria
Reinisch (1903-1942), Austrian Catholic priest executed for not swearing "Hitler Oath". Elmar Fischer (1936-2022), bishop of the Feldkirch diocese Bernhard
Feldkirch,_Vorarlberg
German WW2 U-Boat commander (1914–2005)
Nazi Party and in 1934 also joined the Allgemeine-SS. Topp took the Hitler oath, convinced it was the "right thing to do." To the beginning of the war
Erich_Topp
Prison in Berlin, Germany
Jägerstätter was incarcerated in the prison for refusing to take the Hitler oath and subject to trial in July 1943 when he was sentenced to death. The
Tegel_Prison
Principle of political authority in Nazi Germany
factories. Beginning in 1934, the German armed forces swore a "Führer Oath" to Hitler personally, not the German constitution. As a common theme of Nazi
Führerprinzip
Month of 1934
and church officials to swear an oath to be "faithful and obedient to the Führer of the German people, Adolf Hitler." The 4th Women's World Games opened
August_1934
Constitutional state of emergency in Germany
no total loyalty to a person and his orders, as was the case with the Hitler Oath. In the state of defence, the Bundeswehr has the authority under Article
State_of_defence
Holocaust Memorial Museum". ushmm.org. Retrieved 30 March 2019. "Adolf Hitler Issues Comment on the "Jewish Question" – United States Holocaust Memorial
Timeline_of_the_Holocaust
Film by Mel Brooks
designed to fail. To this end, they find a playscript celebrating Adolf Hitler and the Nazis and bring it to the stage. Because of this theme, The Producers
The_Producers_(1967_film)
Military unit
shield patch worn on the left forearm, they were required to take the Hitler Oath as well as swear allegiance to Croatian dictator Ante Pavelić. Under
German-Croatian_Police
German military commander (1878–1946)
the oath of allegiance to Adolf Hitler not to People and Fatherland but to the new Führer, which is thought to have limited later opposition to Hitler. The
Werner_von_Blomberg
including the Oath Keepers, the Proud Boys, and the Three Percenters, and Dreyfuss proposes a parallel to the civilian militias that Hitler and Mussolini
Donald_Trump_and_fascism
Reichskanzler Adolf Hitler, as well as several high-profile Nazi figures. German weightlifter Rudolf Ismayr gave the Olympic Oath. "Opening of 1936 Summer
1936 Summer Olympics opening ceremony
1936_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony
referendum. She worked as a public school teacher but refused to take the Hitler Oath required for all civil servants, and was dismissed from her position
Hugo_Willrich
claim that oaths were sacred to him and the Hitler oath made it impossible for him to rebel against Hitler. Finally, in the summer of 1920 Raeder married
Pre–World War II career of Erich Raeder
Pre–World_War_II_career_of_Erich_Raeder
1933 debate at the Oxford Union Society
efforts. Winston Churchill claimed that the Oxford Oath affected certain decisions made by Adolf Hitler during World War II. American pacifists would take
King_and_Country_debate
Oath Keepers leader and seditionist (born 1966)
Rhodes III (born 1966) is an American former attorney and the founder of the Oath Keepers, In November 2022, he was convicted of seditious conspiracy and evidence
Stewart_Rhodes
German army officer (1907–1944)
Droste. ISBN 9783770040643. Noll, G. (24 April 2025). "Killing Hitler Word by Word: The Oath as Apocalyptic Lawmaking". Jus Cogens. A Critical Journal of
Claus_von_Stauffenberg
German plan for putting down civil unrest, repurposed for planned coup, WW2
once Hitler had been assassinated in the 20 July plot. Hitler's death (as opposed to his arrest) was required to free German soldiers from their oath of
Operation_Valkyrie
the Nazi regime, Raeder together with the rest of the Navy took the Hitler oath in August 1934. Reinhard Heydrich, the chief of the SD who had not forgiven
Interwar naval service of Erich Raeder
Interwar_naval_service_of_Erich_Raeder
German Nazi propaganda minister (1897–1945)
of Propaganda from 1933 until his suicide in 1945. He was one of Adolf Hitler's closest and most devoted followers and was known for his skills in public
Joseph_Goebbels
Stance in occupied countries in World War II
Protective Corps was part of the German armed forces and its members took the Hitler Oath. Between April 1941 and October 1944, the Serbian half of the Banat was
Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy
Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy
Arm and hand gesture
originated more than a millennium later, in Jacques-Louis David's painting The Oath of the Horatii (1784), and it quickly developed a historically inaccurate
Roman_salute
President of Germany from 1925 to 1934
role in the Nazi seizure of power in 1933 through his appointment of Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of Germany. Hindenburg was born to a family of minor Prussian
Paul_von_Hindenburg
German field marshal (1882–1946)
conformity to "the leader principle" (Führerprinzip) and his personal oath of loyalty to Hitler. The IMT rejected this defence and convicted him on all charges
Wilhelm_Keitel
Nazi regional stormtrooper leader (1895–1983)
took a loyalty oath, as would all stormtroopers throughout Germany and all men who later joined the organisation. Stennes then read Hitler's declaration
Walter_Stennes
Rommel were high and many historians believe that had Rommel convinced Hitler to provide him with three additional divisions of tanks, he very well could
Glossary of German military terms
Glossary_of_German_military_terms
German Nazi paramilitary organisation (1925–1945)
with SS runes as ᛋᛋ) was a major paramilitary organisation under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied
Schutzstaffel
Series of books edited by Max Domarus
The Röhm Purge Hitler's Justification of the Slaughter of June 30 National Socialist Putsch Attempt in Austria— Hindenburg's Death— Oath of Allegiance
Hitler: Speeches and Proclamations
Hitler:_Speeches_and_Proclamations
2001 musical written by Mel Brooks
singing Hitler's favorite tune ("Der Guten Tag Hop Clop") and reciting the Siegfried Oath, under penalty of death, promising never to dishonor Hitler's spirit
The_Producers_(musical)
1930–31 revolt within the Nazi Party
witness stand and under oath that the party had forsaken violent and illegal means as a path to power. On 20 February 1931, Hitler issued a decree making
Stennes_revolt
2005 film by Susan Stroman
and tries to shoot all four of them for breaking the Siegfried Oath by mocking Hitler, only to attract the police. As Max and Franz attempt to evade the
The_Producers_(2005_film)
German-American physician and pharmacologist
his refusal to return to Germany with the impossibility of taking the Hitler oath." In 1938, Krayer was offered a chair of Pharmacology of Peking University
Otto_Krayer
German officer and member of the German Resistance in Second World War
the career officer von dem Bussche had felt bound by the personal oath to Adolf Hitler. After these events, he asked himself and a small circle of like-minded
Axel_von_dem_Bussche
German state from 1918 to 1933
simply called "Germany", with "Weimar Republic" (a term introduced by Adolf Hitler in 1929) not commonly used until the 1930s. The Weimar Republic had a semi-presidential
Weimar_Republic
Oath by prospective Canadian citizens
The Oath of Citizenship, or Citizenship Oath (in French: serment de citoyenneté), is a statement recited and signed by those who apply to become citizens
Oath_of_Citizenship_(Canada)
Racist foundations of Nazism
ideology and policies. The Adolf Hitler-led Nazis claimed to observe a strict and scientific hierarchy of the human race. Hitler's views on race and people are
Nazi_racial_theories
Dictator of Romania from 1940 to 1944
summit, Hitler informed Antonescu of his plans to invade the Soviet Union later that year and asked Romania to participate. By this time, Hitler had come
Ion_Antonescu
German field marshal (1875–1953)
but Rundstedt and the rest of the Army still took the personal oath of loyalty to Hitler that Blomberg introduced. Rundstedt also supported the regime's
Gerd_von_Rundstedt
1934 law of Nazi Germany
military oath so that all members of the armed forces swore unconditional allegiance, not to the Republic or to the constitution, but to Hitler personally
Law Concerning the Head of State of the German Reich
Law_Concerning_the_Head_of_State_of_the_German_Reich
Unauthorised British royal visit to Nazi Germany
Albert Speer, and had tea with Adolf Hitler in Berchtesgaden. The Duke had a long private conversation with Hitler, but it is uncertain what they discussed
1937 tour of Germany by the Duke and Duchess of Windsor
1937_tour_of_Germany_by_the_Duke_and_Duchess_of_Windsor
German general (1880–1939)
Minister Blomberg, in the Blomberg-Fritsch affair, was a major step in Adolf Hitler's establishment of tighter control over the armed forces. Just over a year
Werner_von_Fritsch
German publicist and politician (1885–1946)
"Hitler is coming!" Thousands of men and women jumped to their feet as if propelled by a mysterious power ... they shouted, "Heil Hitler! Heil Hitler!"
Julius_Streicher
German Nazi activist (1896–1951)
Kuhn as its leader. Kuhn, while describing the Bund as "sympathetic to the Hitler government", denied that the organization received money or took orders
Fritz_Julius_Kuhn
German conspiracy to assassinate Hitler
in 1941. He believed that because of Hitler's many successes up to that time, his personal charisma, and the oath of personal loyalty to him sworn by all
Operation_Spark_(1941)
Nazi German militia from 1944 to 1945
completed their training and received armament, members took a customary oath to Hitler and were then dispatched into combat. Teenagers and middle-aged men
Volkssturm
1630s loyalty pledge
himself but “got lazy and had the ‘Oath’ plate made professionally". Notes McDowell 1985. Steers, Edward (2013). Hoax: Hitler's Diaries, Lincoln's Assassins
Oath_of_a_Freeman
German military officer (1891–1945)
Model's reply was that he still considered himself bound by his oath to Adolf Hitler and his sense of honor as a German field marshal, and in consequence
Walter_Model
German Nazi politician (1907–1974)
the death of anti-Semitism. Hitler is dead. I never betrayed him; I never tried to overthrow him; I remained true to my oath as an officer, a youth leader
Baldur_von_Schirach
Hungarian-born American historian and author (1924–2019)
of Europe to Hitler. Lukacs's book The Hitler of History (1997), a prosopography of the historians who have written biographies of Hitler, is in part a
John_Lukacs
compulsory Hitler salute. From August 1934, they could also lose their jobs for refusing to take an official oath swearing loyalty and obedience to Hitler. Teachers
Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi Germany
Persecution_of_Jehovah's_Witnesses_in_Nazi_Germany
Supreme military command and control office of Nazi Germany during World War II
the soldier's oath of obedience to military orders. When it suits their defence they say they had to obey; when confronted with Hitler's brutal crimes
Oberkommando_der_Wehrmacht
time bomb under Hitler's conference table. Killing Hitler would absolve the German military of the moral conundrum of breaking their oath to the Fuehrer
Catholic Church and Nazi Germany
Catholic_Church_and_Nazi_Germany
Nazism, and Religious views of Adolf Hitler. a. ^Including two determined opponents of the Catholic faith, Hitler and Goebbels (see Nazi attitudes towards
Religious affiliations of chancellors of Germany
Religious_affiliations_of_chancellors_of_Germany
German Military March
"Badenweiler Marsch" by the Nazis, it was used as the official march of Hitler in his role as Führer, to signal his arrival and therefore personal presence
Badonviller_Marsch
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