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2010 studio album by Lee Hyori
H-Logic is the fourth studio album by South Korean singer Lee Hyori. It was released on April 12, 2010. The album has 14 tracks, including collaborations
H-Logic
Study of correct reasoning
Logic is the study of correct reasoning. It includes both formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical
Logic
System for reasoning about vagueness
Fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic in which the truth value of variables may be any real number between 0 and 1. It is employed to handle the concept
Fuzzy_logic
South Korean singer (born 1979)
weeks. Lee once again faced plagiarism accusations with her next album, H-Logic (2010), when composer Bahnus was found to have plagiarized seven of the
Lee_Hyori
Branch of logic
definition of "informal logic" is a matter of some dispute. Ralph H. Johnson and J. Anthony Blair define informal logic as "a branch of logic whose task is to
Informal_logic
Device performing a Boolean function
A logic gate is a device that performs a Boolean function, a logical operation performed on one or more binary inputs that produces a single binary output
Logic_gate
Theory of logic to account for observations from quantum theory
In the mathematical study of logic and the physical analysis of quantum foundations, quantum logic is a set of rules for manipulation of propositions
Quantum_logic
In logic, a statement which is always true
In mathematical logic, a tautology (from Ancient Greek: ταυτολογία) is a formula that is true regardless of the interpretation of its component terms
Tautology_(logic)
List of symbols used to express logical relations
contains logic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of logic symbols. In logic, a set
List_of_logic_symbols
Subfield of mathematics
Mathematical logic is the study of formal logic within mathematics. Major subareas include model theory, proof theory, set theory, and recursion theory
Mathematical_logic
Look up Appendix:Glossary of logic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. This is a glossary of logic. Logic is the study of the principles of valid reasoning
Glossary_of_logic
Application of logical methods to philosophical problems
Understood in a narrow sense, philosophical logic is the area of logic that studies the application of logical methods to philosophical problems, often
Philosophical_logic
Programming paradigm based on formal logic
Logic programming is a programming, database, and knowledge representation paradigm based on formal logic. A logic program is a set of sentences in logical
Logic_programming
Mathematical use of "for all" and "there exists"
In mathematical logic, quantifiers are formal counterparts of natural-language adjectives like all, some, most, few, etc. which indicate the number of
Quantifier_(logic)
System for representing and reasoning about time
In logic, a temporal logic is any system of rules and symbolism for representing, and reasoning about, propositions qualified in terms of time (for example
Temporal_logic
Method of deriving conclusions
of deriving conclusions from premises. They are integral parts of formal logic, serving as the logical structure of valid arguments. If an argument with
Rule_of_inference
Formal semantics of logic programming languages
\ldots \land B_{n}\rightarrow H} meaning "If each B i {\displaystyle B_{i}} is true, then H {\displaystyle H} is true". Logic programs compute the set of
Syntax and semantics of logic programming
Syntax_and_semantics_of_logic_programming
Album Chart". Gaon Music Chart (in Korean). Retrieved November 23, 2017. "H-Logic". May 1, 2010. "Momochrome". May 25, 2013. "Black". July 15, 2017. "S.
Lee_Hyori_discography
Deductive system in set theory
there is any single axiom which is comprehensive over H ℵ 2 {\displaystyle H_{\aleph _{2}}} (in Ω-logic), it must imply that the continuum is not ℵ 1 {\displaystyle
Ω-logic
Mapping of mathematical formulas to a particular meaning
Bart (1999), Categorical Logic and Type Theory, Elsevier, pp. 1–4, ISBN 9780080528700 Burris, Stanley N.; Sankappanavar, H. P. (1981), A Course in Universal
Structure (mathematical logic)
Structure_(mathematical_logic)
Type of logical system
first-order logic (FOL), also called predicate logic, predicate calculus, or quantificational logic, is a type of formal system. First-order logic uses quantified
First-order_logic
Branch of logic
Propositional logic is a branch of classical logic. It is also called statement logic, sentential calculus, propositional calculus, sentential logic, or sometimes
Propositional_logic
Study of the scope and nature of logic
Philosophy of logic is the branch of philosophy that studies the scope and nature of logic. It investigates the philosophical problems raised by logic, such as
Philosophy_of_logic
Propositional calculus in which there are more than two truth values
Many-valued logic (also multi- or multiple-valued logic) is a propositional calculus in which there are more than two truth values. Traditionally, in
Many-valued_logic
Constructive logic is a family of logics where proofs must be constructive (i.e., proving something means one must build or exhibit it, not just argue
Constructive_logic
The history of logic deals with the study of the development of the science of valid inference (logic). Formal logics developed in ancient times in India
History_of_logic
Concurrent constraint logic programming is a version of constraint logic programming aimed primarily at programming concurrent processes rather than (or
Concurrent constraint logic programming
Concurrent_constraint_logic_programming
Concept in computer science
In computer science, separation logic is an extension of Hoare logic, a way of reasoning about programs. It was developed by John C. Reynolds, Peter O'Hearn
Separation_logic
Type of formal logic
Modal logic is a kind of logic used to represent statements about necessity and possibility. In philosophy and related fields it is used as a tool for
Modal_logic
Formal system of logic
In mathematics and logic, a higher-order logic (HOL) is a form of logic that is distinguished from first-order logic by additional quantifiers and, sometimes
Higher-order_logic
Logic programming paradigm
logic programming is a variant of logic programming designed for parallel computing in which programs are sets of guarded Horn clauses of the form: H :-
Concurrent_logic_programming
Family of formal knowledge representation
Description logics (DL) are a family of formal knowledge representation languages. Many DLs are more expressive than propositional logic but less expressive
Description_logic
Class of digital circuits
Transistor–transistor logic (TTL) is a logic family built from bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). Its name signifies that transistors perform both the logic function
Transistor–transistor_logic
Various systems of symbolic logic
logic, sometimes more generally called constructive logic, refers to systems of symbolic logic that differ from the systems used for classical logic by
Intuitionistic_logic
American rapper and singer (born 1990)
Robert Bryson Hall II (born January 22, 1990), known professionally as Logic, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, and record producer from Gaithersburg
Logic_(rapper)
Propositional logic extending intuitionistic logic
In mathematical logic, a superintuitionistic logic is a propositional logic extending intuitionistic logic. A logic is a set of propositional formulas
Intermediate_logic
Field of philosophical logic
Deontic logic is the field of philosophical logic that is concerned with obligation, permission, and related concepts. Alternatively, a deontic logic is a
Deontic_logic
Work by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Science of Logic (German: Wissenschaft der Logik), first published between 1812 and 1816, is the work in which Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel outlined
Science_of_Logic
Ancient philosophy
traditionally divided into three interconnected disciplines: logic, physics, and ethics. Stoic logic focuses on highly intentional reasoning through propositions
Stoicism
Propositional formula
In logic, a clause is a propositional formula formed from a finite collection of literals (atoms or their negations) and logical connectives. A clause
Clause_(logic)
Type of logical formula
mathematical logic and logic programming, a Horn clause is a logical formula of a particular rule-like form that gives it useful properties for use in logic programming
Horn_clause
Use of logic to perform or reason about computation
Computational logic is the use of logic to perform or reason about computation. It bears a similar relationship to computer science and engineering as
Computational_logic
Dialogical logic (German: dialogische Logik, also known as the logic of dialogues) is a pragmatic approach to the semantics of logic developed in the
Dialogical_logic
Type of formal logic
Paraconsistent logic is a type of non-classical logic that allows for the coexistence of contradictory statements without leading to a logical explosion
Paraconsistent_logic
System of resource-aware logic
Linear logic is a substructural logic proposed by French logician Jean-Yves Girard as a refinement of classical and intuitionistic logic, joining the
Linear_logic
Family of modal logics for agency and choice
STIT logic (from seeing to it that) is a family of modal and branching-time logics for reasoning about agency and choice. A typical STIT operator has
STIT_logic
Applications of logic under uncertainty
Probabilistic logic (also probability logic and probabilistic reasoning) involves the use of probability and logic to deal with uncertain situations. Probabilistic
Probabilistic_logic
Approach to formal semantics
various logical systems, including classical logic, intuitionistic logic, linear logic, and modal logic. The approach bears conceptual resemblances to
Game_semantics
Translation of a text into a logical system
Logic translation is the process of representing a text in the formal language of a logical system. If the original text is formulated in ordinary language
Logic_translation
1974 studio album by Steely Dan
Pretzel Logic is the third studio album by American rock band Steely Dan, released on February 20, 1974, by ABC Records. It was recorded at the Village
Pretzel_Logic
Programmable digital computer used to control machinery
A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is an industrial computer that has been ruggedized and adapted for the control of manufacturing
Programmable_logic_controller
Learning logic programs from data
Inductive logic programming (ILP) is a subfield of symbolic artificial intelligence which uses logic programming as a uniform representation for examples
Inductive_logic_programming
Inference seeking the simplest and most likely explanation
for every H ′ ⊆ H {\displaystyle H'\subseteq H} , it holds that e ( H ′ ) = ⋃ h ∈ H ′ e ( { h } ) {\displaystyle e(H')=\bigcup _{h\in H'}e(\{h\})} . If
Abductive_reasoning
IEEE standard that defines logic values used in electronic design
'Z' literal to make tri-state buffer logic easy 'H' and 'L' weak drives to permit wired-AND and wired-OR logic. 'U' for default value for all object
IEEE_1164
Finnish philosopher (1916–2003)
philosopher. He is particularly known for his work in philosophical logic, especially deontic logic, his work on Ludwig Wittgenstein's later philosophy, and his
Georg_Henrik_von_Wright
Fragment of first-order logic
In logic, the monadic predicate calculus (also called monadic first-order logic) is the fragment of first-order logic (also called predicate calculus)
Monadic_predicate_calculus
Logic with discrete truth values
In logic, a finite-valued logic (also finitely many-valued logic) is a propositional calculus in which truth values are discrete. Traditionally, in Aristotle's
Finite-valued_logic
Form of digital logic family in integrated circuits
nMOS logic (from N-type metal–oxide–semiconductor) uses n-type (-) MOSFETs (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors) to implement logic gates
NMOS_logic
Reasoning about equations with free variables
logic, algebraic logic is the reasoning obtained by manipulating equations with free variables. What is now usually called classical algebraic logic focuses
Algebraic_logic
German cargo airline
AeroLogic GmbH is a German cargo airline based in Schkeuditz near Leipzig. It is a joint venture between DHL and Lufthansa Cargo which operates scheduled
AeroLogic
Topics referred to by the same term
song from the film "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang", a song on the 2010 album H-Logic by Lee Hyori "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang", an episode of the American TV series
Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (disambiguation)
Chitty_Chitty_Bang_Bang_(disambiguation)
Algebraic manipulation of "true" and "false"
In mathematics and mathematical logic, Boolean algebra is a branch of algebra. It differs from elementary algebra in two ways. First, the values of the
Boolean_algebra
Branch of logic
Bunched logic is a variety of substructural logic proposed by Peter O'Hearn and David Pym. Bunched logic provides primitives for reasoning about resource
Bunched_logic
Family of logics for natural-language and counterfactual conditionals
Conditional logic (also: the logic of conditionals) refers to a family of formal systems for reasoning with statements of the form "if A, (then) B". Conditional
Conditional_logic
Formalisation of dialectic
H. van Eemeren and Rob Grootendorst (pragma-dialectics, 1980s). One can include works of the communities of informal logic and paraconsistent logic.
Logic_and_dialectic
Either of two concepts in computer engineering
AC/ACT logic, AHC/AHCT logic, ALVC logic, AUC logic, AVC logic, CBT logic, CBTLV logic, FCT logic and LVC logic (LVCMOS). The integrated injection logic (IIL
Logic_family
System of formal mathematical logic
mathematics comparable to first-order logic plus set theory. It is a form of higher-order logic and closely related to the logics of the HOL theorem prover family
Q0_(mathematical_logic)
Extension of classical first-order logic
Independence-friendly logic (IF logic; proposed by Jaakko Hintikka and Gabriel Sandu [fr] in 1989) is an extension of classical first-order logic (FOL) by means
Independence-friendly_logic
Class of digital circuits
Diode–transistor logic (DTL) is a class of digital circuits that is the direct ancestor of transistor–transistor logic. It is called so because the logic gating
Diode–transistor_logic
2013 studio album by Lee Hyori
music. It is her first full-length release after a three-year hiatus since H-Logic (2010). Unlike her previous work, Lee collaborated with foreign composers
Monochrome_(Lee_Hyori_album)
Concept in logic
Press Fitting, M., First-Order Logic and Automated Theorem Proving (Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer, 1990), pp. 198–200. Margret H. Hoft; Hartmut F.W. Hoft (6
Substitution_(logic)
South Korean singer (born 1990)
April 13, 2010, she was a featured artist in Lee Hyo-ri's fourth album H-Logic with the song "Bring It Back" together with After School's Bekah.[unreliable
Jeon_Ji-yoon
Branch of logic using category theory to study mathematical structures
Categorical logic is the branch of mathematics in which tools and concepts from category theory are applied to the study of mathematical logic. It is also
Categorical_logic
Relationship between programs and proofs
Foundations Program. Institute for Advanced Study. Curry, H B (1934-09-20). "Functionality in Combinatory Logic". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Curry–Howard_correspondence
Logic constructed only from NAND gates
and this is referred to as NOR logic. A NAND gate is an inverted AND gate. It has the following truth table: In CMOS logic, if both of the A and B inputs
NAND_logic
Bearer of truth values
November 2025. Phillips, Stephen H. (1998). Classical Indian Metaphysics: Refutations of Realism and the Emergence of New Logic. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1488-2
Proposition
In computer science, Hennessy–Milner logic (HML) is a dynamic logic used to specify properties of a labeled transition system (LTS), a structure similar
Hennessy–Milner_logic
Computer hardware and software company
2009, Kontron Compact Computer AG acquired a majority stake in DIGITAL-LOGIC AG in Luterbach (Switzerland) from company founder Felix Kunz, a manufacturer
Kontron
Study of general and fundamental questions
November 2023. Blair, J. Anthony; Johnson, Ralph H. (2000). "Informal Logic: An Overview". Informal Logic. 20 (2). doi:10.22329/il.v20i2.2262. Archived from
Philosophy
Mathematical model for deduction or proof systems
arithmetic. Early logic systems includes Indian logic of Pāṇini, syllogistic logic of Aristotle, propositional logic of Stoicism, and Chinese logic of Gongsun
Formal_system
Type of modal logic
In logic, a normal modal logic is a set L of modal formulas such that L contains: All propositional tautologies; All instances of the Kripke schema: ◻
Normal_modal_logic
Whether a decision problem has an effective method to derive the answer
effectively determined. Zeroth-order logic (propositional logic) is decidable, whereas first-order and higher-order logic are not. A theory (set of sentences
Decidability_(logic)
Faulty deductive reasoning due to a logical flaw
In logic and philosophy, a formal fallacy is a pattern of reasoning with a flaw in its logical structure (the logical relationship between the premises
Formal_fallacy
Theorem in mathematical logic
page 43 A companion to philosophical logic by Dale Jacquette 2005 ISBN 1-4051-4575-7 page 329 Chen Chung Chang; H. Jerome Keisler (1990). Model theory
Lindström's_theorem
Basic circuit in quantum computing
computation, a quantum logic gate (or simply quantum gate) is a basic quantum circuit operating on a small number of qubits. Quantum logic gates are the building
Quantum_logic_gate
Finite states of a digital signal
In digital circuits, a logic level is one of a finite number of states that a digital signal can inhabit. Logic levels are usually represented by the voltage
Logic_level
Symbols representing logical operations
The logic alphabet, also called the X-stem Logic Alphabet (XLA), constitutes an iconic set of symbols that systematically represents the sixteen possible
Logic_alphabet
Formal semantics for non-classical logic systems
non-classical logic systems created in the late 1950s and early 1960s by Saul Kripke and André Joyal. It was first conceived for modal logics, and later
Kripke_semantics
of mathematical logic; see also history of logic. 1847 – George Boole proposes symbolic logic in The Mathematical Analysis of Logic, defining what is
Timeline of mathematical logic
Timeline_of_mathematical_logic
Two-BJT transistor digital logic
Siegfried K. Wiedmann and Horst H. Berger who originally called it merged-transistor logic (MTL). A disadvantage of this logic family is that the gates draw
Integrated_injection_logic
Type of non-monotonic logic
Default logic is a non-monotonic logic proposed by Raymond Reiter to formalize reasoning with default assumptions. Default logic can express facts like
Default_logic
Kind of non-classical logic
Relevance logic, also called relevant logic, is a kind of non-classical logic requiring the antecedent and consequent of implications to be relevantly
Relevance_logic
Logic that allows infinitely long proofs
An infinitary logic is a logic that allows infinitely long statements and/or infinitely long proofs. The concept was introduced by Zermelo in the 1930s
Infinitary_logic
Integrated circuit logic family
In electronics, emitter-coupled logic (ECL) is a high-speed integrated circuit bipolar transistor logic family. ECL uses a bipolar junction transistor
Emitter-coupled_logic
Digital circuit synchronized by clock signal
memory elements are synchronized by a clock signal. In a sequential digital logic circuit, data is stored in memory devices called flip-flops or latches.
Synchronous_circuit
deductive systems for propositional logics. Classical propositional calculus is the standard propositional logic. Its intended semantics is bivalent and
List of axiomatic systems in logic
List_of_axiomatic_systems_in_logic
List of characters appearing in the Marvel Cinematic Universe
Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M–Z (next page) See also References Ajak (portrayed by Salma Hayek) is the wise and spiritual leader of the Eternals
Characters of the Marvel Cinematic Universe: A–L
Characters_of_the_Marvel_Cinematic_Universe:_A–L
Canadian mathematician
… ; … a H − 1 a H a H + 1 … . {\displaystyle a.a_{1}a_{2}\ldots ;\ldots a_{H-1}a_{H}a_{H+1}\ldots \,.} Here the digit a H {\displaystyle a_{H}} appears
A._H._Lightstone
American philosopher, logician, and computer scientist (born 1939)
Handbook of Philosophical Logic, Volume 2. Reidel. pp. 135–165. Thomason, Richmond H. (1981). "Deontic logic as founded on tense logic". In Hilpinen, Risto
Richmond_Thomason
System of logic in mathematics and philosophy
philosophy, Łukasiewicz logic (/ˌwʊkəˈʃɛvɪtʃ/ WUUK-ə-SHEV-itch, Polish: [wukaˈɕɛvitʂ]) is a non-classical, many-valued logic. It was originally defined
Łukasiewicz_logic
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