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Measure of the amount of work needed to perform a computing task
In parallel computing, granularity (or grain size) of a task is a measure of the amount of work (or computation) which is performed by that task. Another
Granularity (parallel computing)
Granularity_(parallel_computing)
Programming paradigm in which many processes are executed simultaneously
of parallel computing: bit-level, instruction-level, data, and task parallelism. Parallelism has long been employed in high-performance computing, but
Parallel_computing
Condition of granules or grains
granular in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Complex system Complexity Cybernetics Dennett's three stances Granular computing Granularity (parallel computing)
Granularity
Topics referred to by the same term
base piece Film granularity Granularity Granularity (parallel computing) Granular cheese Granular convection Granular material Granular synthesis of sound
Granulation_(disambiguation)
Cloud computing model
customer data. Serverless computing represents a form of virtualized computing", according to ISO/IEC 22123-2. Serverless computing is a broad ecosystem that
Serverless_computing
Computer architecture that can be reprogrammed
on different data, which is highly parallel computing. This heterogeneous systems technique is used in computing research and especially in supercomputing
Reconfigurable_computing
Component of a computer process
the threads run, either concurrently on one core or in parallel on multiple cores. GPU computing environments like CUDA, OpenCL and DirectX 12 use the
Thread_(computing)
Collection of loosely coupled services used to build computer applications
assemblies are abstracted behind simple URI interfaces. Any service, at any granularity, can be exposed." He described how a well-designed microservices platform
Microservices
Software that translates code from one programming language to another
code. Theoretical computing concepts developed by scientists, mathematicians, and engineers formed the basis of digital modern computing development during
Compiler
Programming paradigm entirely based on functions
has less control than an imperative language. To ensure a speedup, the granularity of tasks must be carefully chosen to be neither too big nor too small
Purely_functional_programming
Way of setting up and executing parallel computer programs
sequential execution. Parallel sections may fork recursively until a certain task granularity is reached. Fork–join can be considered a parallel design pattern
Fork–join_model
Parallel programming model
In computing, algorithmic skeletons, or parallelism patterns, are a high-level parallel programming model for parallel and distributed computing. Algorithmic
Algorithmic_skeleton
Parallel version of breadth-first search algorithm
article discusses the possibility of speeding up BFS through the use of parallel computing. In the conventional sequential BFS algorithm, two data structures
Parallel_breadth-first_search
Specialized computer hardware
thereby reducing computing and communication latency between modules and functional units. Custom hardware is limited in parallel processing capability
Hardware_acceleration
Molecular dynamics software program
; Grama, A.Y. (2012). "Parallel reactive molecular dynamics: Numerical methods and algorithmic techniques". Parallel Computing. 38 (4–5). Elsevier: 245–259
LAMMPS
Numerical method
large number of computing cores on typical GPUs. In addition GPUs tend to be significantly more energy efficient than conventional computing clusters when
Discrete_element_method
Series of supercomputers by IBM
to a granularity of half a rack (512 compute nodes), to allow the machine to continue to run. Each Blue Gene/L node was attached to three parallel communications
IBM_Blue_Gene
Attention algorithm for efficient large language model serving
branches, with block-granularity copy-on-write used when a shared block must be modified. The original paper applied this design to parallel sampling, beam
PagedAttention
Central computer component that executes instructions
commercial computing markets such as transaction processing, where the aggregate performance of multiple programs, also known as throughput computing, was more
Central_processing_unit
Israeli-American computer scientist
for his work in the field of parallel computing. In 1996, he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery, with the following
Uzi_Vishkin
Large and powerful computer
I/O processing and emphasize throughput computing. Mainframe return on investment (ROI), like any other computing platform, is dependent on its ability
Mainframe_computer
Architectural pattern in software design
concept of distributed computing and modular programming, through SOA, and on to practices of mashups, SaaS, and cloud computing (which some see as the
Service-oriented_architecture
Computer memory unit using cascaded flip-flops
requires an external clock, and the timing accuracy is limited by the granularity of this clock. In early computers, shift registers were used to handle
Shift_register
Type of data structure
Adaptable Granularity of Changes for Massive-scale Collaborative Editing". Proceedings of the International Conference on Collaborative Computing: Networking
Conflict-free replicated data type
Conflict-free_replicated_data_type
Measuring the time or resources used by a section of a computer program
collecting information on the target program's execution. Based on their data granularity, which depends upon how profilers collect information, they are classified
Profiling (computer programming)
Profiling_(computer_programming)
German computer scientist (born 1949)
"Randomized and deterministic simulations of PRAMs by parallel machines with restricted granularity of parallel memories" (PDF), Acta Informatica, 21 (4): 339–374
Kurt_Mehlhorn
Equivalence of all cached copies of a memory location
can be performed at the load/store granularity. However, in practice it is generally performed at the granularity of cache blocks. Coherence defines the
Cache_coherence
Indian-born American computer scientist
(March 1992). "ARIES: A Transaction Recovery Method Supporting Fine-Granularity Locking and Partial Rollbacks Using Write-Ahead Logging". ACM Transactions
C._Mohan
CPU instructions which read and modify an unaltered value in memory
ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing - PODC '95. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 184–193. doi:10.1145/224964
Load-link/store-conditional
Storage format for multidimensional arrays
requirement in cloud computing. Multiple read operations can efficiently occur to a Zarr array in parallel, or multiple write operations in parallel. The main data
Zarr_(data_format)
Transmission Control Protocol technology
Hence, SCTP is also a transport layer solution. It offers type 3 flow granularity with concurrency, but with more flow scheduling control than Multipath
Multipath_TCP
Sharing information to ensure consistency in computing
computing can refer to: Data replication, where the same data is stored on multiple storage devices Computation replication, where the same computing
Replication_(computing)
Type of computer memory introduced 2014
popularity of mobile computing and other devices using slower but low-powered memory, the slowing of growth in the traditional desktop computing sector, and the
DDR4_SDRAM
Discrete, discontinuous representation of information
are generally error-free, copies of copies can be made indefinitely. Granularity: The digital representation of a continuously variable analog value typically
Digital_data
Brazilian music composer and scientist (born 1963)
Miranda worked at the Edinburgh Parallel Computing Centre (EPCC). At EPCC, he developed Chaosynth, an innovative granular synthesis software that uses cellular
Eduardo_Reck_Miranda
blocks of a CGRA are fixed at the word level and reconfigured at a coarse granularity, distinguishing it from a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). FPGAs
Coarse-grained reconfigurable array
Coarse-grained_reconfigurable_array
Property of an algorithm
redesigned to make use of parallel processing, or they could be easily reconfigured. As parallel and distributed computing grow in importance in the late
Algorithmic_efficiency
Type of machine learning model
Programming". CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Extended Abstracts. Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 1–10. doi:10.1145/3491101.3519729
Large_language_model
Instruction set architecture extension
manuals that Haswell maintains both read-sets and write-sets at the granularity of a cache line, tracking addresses in the L1 data cache of the processor
Transactional Synchronization Extensions
Transactional_Synchronization_Extensions
controlling the activity of the granular layer network, which has significant implications for cerebellar computing, is beginning to take shape. Glutamatergic
Golgi_cell
Processing mode
aggregate function can be computed by computing auxiliary numbers for cells, aggregating these auxiliary numbers, and finally computing the overall number at
Online_analytical_processing
Type of concurrency control mechanism
may introduce the risk of false conflicts due to the use of cache line granularity. Load-link/store-conditional (LL/SC) offered by many RISC processors
Transactional_memory
First hypertext project, founded in 1960
Needed Now More than Ever: Parallel Documents, Deep Links to Content, Deep Versioning, and Deep Re-Use". ACM Computing Surveys. 31 (4): 33–es. CiteSeerX 10
Project_Xanadu
Graphics structure
comparisons without needing to compute potentially elaborate distance between the all objects. Pseudo code for computing pairwise distance between two
Bounding_volume_hierarchy
Aspect of cloud computing products and services
nature of cloud computing requires monitoring and management tools that are adaptable, extensible and customizable. Cloud computing presents a number
Cloud_management
Parallel distributed file system
Lustre is a type of parallel distributed file system, generally used for large-scale cluster computing. The name Lustre is a portmanteau word derived from
Lustre_(file_system)
Geographical point
depend on both the granularity of the population data used, and the distance metric. With geodesic distances as the metric, and a granularity of 1,000 kilometers
Center_of_population
Partition of Earth's surface into subdivided cells
conversions. Other usual criteria to classify a DGG are tile-shape and granularity (grid resolution): Tile regularity and shape: there are regular, semi-regular
Discrete_global_grid
Operating system designed to operate on multiple systems over a network computer
areas related to distributed computing. In the mid-1970s, research produced important advances in distributed computing. These breakthroughs provided
Distributed_operating_system
Proprietary database management system
Flashback Technologies". Oracle RMAN 11g Backup and Recovery. McGraw Hill Computing. ISBN 978-0-07-162860-0. Retrieved 7 July 2026. Adrian, Charlie (8 January
Oracle_Database
Intel microprocessor series released in 2024
than parallel execution. L2 cache per core for Lion Cove is increased to 2.5 MB from Redwood Cove's 2 MB. Lunar Lake is able to exercise more granular control
Lunar_Lake
Origins and events of data
grows as the degree of granularity increases. One possible solution is hardware. Some vendors are using increased memory and parallel processing to crunch
Data_lineage
Peer-to-peer file sharing protocol
their Internet-connected computer, which are available for a variety of computing platforms and operating systems, including an official client. BitTorrent
BitTorrent
System of logic in computer science
Expert system Fuzzy control system Fuzzy logic Fuzzy set Granular computing Perceptual Computing Rough set Soft set Vagueness Random-fuzzy variable L. A
Type-2_fuzzy_sets_and_systems
Computational physics simulation algorithm
a time-driven fashion. This means almost no calculation is wasted on computing or maintaining the positions and velocities of the particles between the
Lubachevsky–Stillinger algorithm
Lubachevsky–Stillinger_algorithm
Protected section of code that cannot be executed by more than one process at a time
executes at time = Tx . In cases where a locking mechanism with finer granularity is not needed, a critical section is important. In the above case, if
Critical_section
prefix matching.[citation needed] P-Grid partitions the key-space in a granularity adaptive to the load at that part of the key-space. Consequently, its
P-Grid
Type of data buffer in computer graphics
a close object hides one further away. This is called z-culling. The granularity of a z-buffer has a great influence on the scene quality: the traditional
Z-buffering
Database modeling method
some metadata. Links can link to other links, to deal with changes in granularity (for instance, adding a new key to a database table would change the
Data_vault_modeling
Programming paradigm based on asynchronous data streams
In computing, reactive programming is a declarative programming paradigm concerned with data streams and the propagation of change. With this paradigm
Reactive_programming
Software-defined storage product
16G Nodes, Software Defined Persistent Memory for compression on Fine Granularity Storage Pools, more Management & Orchestration Enhancements, Security
Dell_Technologies_PowerFlex
Type of consistency in programming which is based synchronization
distributed shared memory, distributed transactions etc.). In modern parallel computing systems, memory consistency must be maintained to avoid undesirable
Release_consistency
Instructions for the x86 microprocessors
elements to be loaded from non-contiguous memory locations DWORD- and QWORD-granularity any-to-any permutes vector shifts. Sometimes three-operand fused multiply-accumulate
Advanced_Vector_Extensions
calculation). cache line A small block of memory within a cache; the granularity of allocation, refills, eviction; typically 32–128 bytes in size. cache
Glossary of computer hardware terms
Glossary_of_computer_hardware_terms
unmanaged languages, ILNumerics auto-parallelization adds significant advantage on a higher level of program granularity. The ability to auto-distribute whole
ILNumerics
Model suitable for modeling or simulation
calculations in parallel framework as compared to MPI by Amritkar et al. Cundall P. A., Strack O. D. L., (1979). Discrete numerical-model for granular assemblies
CFD-DEM_model
Software architect
Width: granularity, modularity, structural complexity level, source code complexity level Length: scalability, # of consumers, # of interfaces, computing resource
Michael_B._T._Bell
Interface (API) allows for parallel computing on multiple processors, which effectively increases computational power, decreases computing time, and allows for
TITAN2D
Version of Windows Server, released in 2003
Windows Compute Cluster Server 2003, Bringing High-Performance Computing to the Mainstream". Stories. 2006-06-09. Retrieved 2023-01-14. "Windows Compute Cluster
Windows_Server_2003
Storage of digital data readable by computers
Performance Storage performance metrics include latency, throughput, granularity and reliability. Energy Low capacity solid-state drives have no moving
Computer_data_storage
Obfuscation methods used in tracking users
Autonomic and Secure Computing, Intl Conf on Pervasive Intelligence and Computing, Intl Conf on Cloud and Big Data Computing, Intl Conf on Cyber Science
MAC_address_anonymization
the fluid phase. To further accelerate the computation, the CPU and GPU computing can be overlapped using the shared memory of a Linux system. Thus, the
CFD-DEM
Type of safety glass processed to increase its strength
shatter into small granular chunks instead of splintering into large jagged shards as ordinary annealed glass does. These smaller, granular chunks are less
Tempered_glass
GPU for the PlayStation 3
(4 KB per page) Row address: 12-bit Column address: 9-bit Minimum access granularity: 8 bytes (aligned with RSX–GDDR3 bus width) Access to CPU Rambus XDR
RSX_Reality_Synthesizer
Type of computational models
numerous agents specified at various scales (typically referred to as agent-granularity), (2) decision-making heuristics, (3) learning rules or adaptive processes
Agent-based_model
Pointing device used to control a computer
Origins of Personal Computing. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-8047-3871-2. Ceruzzi, Paul E. (2012). Computing: A Concise History
Computer_mouse
Clustering and community detection algorithm
the Leiden algorithm to account for small substructures at a certain granularity. The figure on the right illustrates why resolution can be a helpful
Leiden_algorithm
Type of artificial intelligence system
correspond to spatial patches in these image input and thus capture finer-granularity information. Training was required to align the modules so that they
Vision-language_model
64-bit extension of x86 architecture
used to provide non-executable stack and heap with per-page granularity (segment granularity being used on 32-bit x86). OpenBSD has supported AMD64 since
X86-64
Programming paradigm
support "foreach" in parallel, then the runtime automation environment can automatically multi-thread the loop and run it in parallel. This is an example
Service-oriented_programming
Class of rule-based machine learning systems
and information technology. AIS is a sub-field of biologically inspired computing, and natural computation, with interests in machine learning and belonging
Artificial_immune_system
Electro-mechanical data storage device
into the modern era of servers and personal computers, though personal computing devices produced in large volume, like mobile phones and tablets, rely
Hard_disk_drive
Computer data storage architecture that manages data as objects
functions like data replication and data distribution at object-level granularity. Object storage systems allow retention of massive amounts of unstructured
Object_storage
Computer bus interface for storage devices
more granularity in controlling command properties. The feature helps align SATA with the "Fast Fail" requirements established by the Open Compute Project
SATA
preclinical research and clinical studies. HIVE is a massively parallel distributed computing environment where the distributed storage library and the distributed
High-performance Integrated Virtual Environment
High-performance_Integrated_Virtual_Environment
Computer simulations to discover and understand chemical properties
(Distribution of system data for parallel computing) Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics Anton – A specialized, massively parallel supercomputer designed to execute
Molecular_dynamics
Overview of and topical guide to machine learning
matrix Grafting (decision trees) Gramian matrix Grammatical evolution Granular computing GraphLab Graph kernel Gremlin (programming language) Growth function
Outline_of_machine_learning
Form of human-machine interaction using multiple modes of input/output
represents an opportunity. In fact, cloud computing allows delivering shared scalable, configurable computing resources that can be dynamically and automatically
Multimodal_interaction
Principal protocol used to stream data across an IP network
value is smoothed RTT + max(G, 4 × RTT variation), where G is the clock granularity. This guards against excessive transmission traffic due to faulty or
Transmission_Control_Protocol
Aspect of Java programming language
for performing intensive communication on a grid computing network. However, high performance computing applications written in Java have won benchmark
Java_performance
Family of database software by Microsoft
shared locks to be released. Locks can be applied on different levels of granularity—on entire tables, pages, or even on a per-row basis on tables. For indexes
Microsoft_SQL_Server
Topics referred to by the same term
filtering language), a standard for specifying email filters Sieve C++ Parallel Programming System, a compiler for C++ Sieve (category theory) Cyclic sieving
Sieve_(disambiguation)
Set of services used to access, modify and transfer geographical data
mechanism for efficient bulk data transfer in grid computing environment". International Journal of Grid Computing & Applications. 2 (4): 49–62. doi:10.5121/ijgca
Data_grid
Set of methods for supervised statistical learning
in Iterative Fuzzy-Decision-Making for Image Segmentation" (PDF). Granular Computing and Decision-Making. Studies in Big Data. Vol. 10. pp. 285–318. doi:10
Support_vector_machine
Specialized model for human-computer interaction observation
operator in one method may be a goal in a different method. The level of granularity is adjusted to capture what the particular evaluator is examining. For
GOMS
File system used by MS-DOS and Windows 9x
ISBN 0-89303-583-1, p. 157 Jenkinson, Brian; Sammes, A. J. (2000). Forensic Computing: A Practitioner's Guide (Practitioner Series). Berlin: Springer. p. 157
File_Allocation_Table
American financial analyst and economist
indexes, one for each house in the US, through the use of big data and parallel computing techniques. This approach presents home price dynamics at the house
Allan_Weiss
Data compression computer program
as to provide fairly good coverage, with a gradually decreasing match granularity as the distance increases. This implementation does not search for match
Rzip
Archived from the original on 2015-05-27. Retrieved 2013-08-15. "Lock granularity". db.apache.org. "DB2 for Linux UNIX and Windows 9.7.0>Fundamentos de
Comparison of relational database management systems
Comparison_of_relational_database_management_systems
Type of feedforward neural network
used 1x1, 3x3, and 5x5. The challenge is to find the right level of granularity so as to create abstractions at the proper scale, given a particular
Convolutional_neural_network
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