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Java compiler in GCC with direct C++ interop support
The GNU Compiler for Java (GCJ) is a discontinued free compiler for the Java programming language. It was part of the GNU Compiler Collection. GCJ compiles
GNU_Compiler_for_Java
Program compiler for Java programming language
example would be the now discontinued GNU Compiler for Java. The most common form of output from a Java compiler is Java class files containing cross-platform
Java_compiler
Free and open-source compiler for various programming languages
The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC; formerly GNU C Compiler) is a collection of compilers from the GNU Project that support various programming languages
GNU_Compiler_Collection
Implementation of standard class library of Java
include: The GNU Compiler for Java, which is capable of compiling Java code into native standalone executables. GCJAppletViewer for launching Java applets
GNU_Classpath
Computer code compilation strategy
as a JIT compiler would do. Computer programming portal asm.js compiler (JavaScript) Bartok (CIL) Excelsior JET (Java) GNU Compiler for Java IL2CPU (CIL)
Ahead-of-time_compilation
Software development tools for developing Java applications
for Java JVM/JDK for Classic Mac OS; Blackdown Java – Port of Sun's JDK for Linux; GNU's Classpath and GCJ (The GNU Compiler for Java); Oracle Corporation's
Java_Development_Kit
Instruction set of the Java virtual machine
Espresso, compiles from Java to JVM bytecode (Java 1.0 only) GNU Compiler for Java (GCJ), compiles from Java to JVM bytecode; it can also compile to native
JVM_bytecode
Java compiler
Java Class Library, supports compiling and running javac using the Classpath runtime — GNU Interpreter for Java (GIJ) — and compiler — GNU Compiler for
Javac
Foreign function interface for the Java language
is built in to core Java. Historically, GCC (until GCC 7) offered the GNU Compiler for Java. This compiler offered the Compiled Native Interface (CNI)
Java_Native_Interface
Compiling bytecode to machine code at runtime
compiler with either a JIT compiler (Excelsior JET) or interpreter (GNU Compiler for Java). JIT compilation may not reliably achieve its goal, namely entering
Just-in-time_compilation
software movement developed other Java compilers, most notably the GNU Compiler for Java. Others include the Eclipse Java Compiler (ECJ), which is maintained
Free_Java_implementations
Software that translates code from one programming language to another
cross-compiler itself runs. A bootstrap compiler is often a temporary compiler, used for compiling a more permanent or better optimized compiler for a language
Compiler
Free-software compiler for the Ada programming language
GNAT is a free-software compiler for the Ada programming language which forms part of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC). It supports all versions of the
GNAT
Compiler for the C programming language
The Tiny C Compiler, TCC, tCc, or TinyCC is a C compiler targeting x86 (32-bits), x86-64 and ARM initially written by Fabrice Bellard. It is designed
Tiny_C_Compiler
Object-oriented programming language
a high performance Java dynamic compiler and interpreter. OpenJDK is another Java SE implementation that is licensed under the GNU GPL. The implementation
Java_(programming_language)
and Libtool GNU Compiler Collection – optimizing compiler for many programming languages, including C, C++, Fortran, Ada, and Java GNU Debugger (gdb)
List_of_GNU_packages
Free software
Kaffe, a Java virtual machine, used GMP to support Java built-in arbitrary precision arithmetic. Shortly after, GMP support was added to GNU Classpath
GNU Multiple Precision Arithmetic Library
GNU_Multiple_Precision_Arithmetic_Library
Comparison between two programming languages
individual. "Java" is a trademark of Oracle. GNU Compiler for Java, a now-discontinued compiler which offered interoperability between Java and C++ Bloch
Comparison_of_Java_and_C++
This page lists notable software that can be classified as a compiler, a compiler generator, an interpreter, translator, a tool foundation, an assembler
List_of_compilers
(aicas) – a hard real-time Java VM for embedded systems. Excelsior JET – a licensed Java SE implementation with AOT compiler for Windows, OS X, and Linux
List_of_Java_virtual_machines
C/C++ with a fast incremental compiler The Eclipse platform has included an incremental compiler for Java as a part of the Java Development Tools project
Incremental_compiler
List of versions of the Java programming language
JDBC 4.0 support (JSR 221). Java Compiler API (JSR 199): an API allowing a Java program to select and invoke a Java Compiler programmatically. Upgrade of
Java_version_history
Collection of programming tools produced by the GNU Project
redirect targets GNU Compiler Collection – Free and open-source compiler for various programming languages GNU Debugger – Source-level debugger GNU m4 – General-purpose
GNU_toolchain
Pascal FreeBASIC G95 Gambas Gambit GNU Assembler GCC GNU Compiler for Java GNU Common Lisp GNU Fortran GNU Pascal GNU Smalltalk Glasgow Haskell High Level
List of free and open-source software packages
List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages
Cross-platform machine-code compiler
a compiler that runs on a PC but generates code that runs on Android devices is a cross compiler. A cross compiler is useful to compile code for multiple
Cross_compiler
collection GCC—GNU Compiler Collection GCJ—GNU Compiler for Java GCM—Galois/Counter Mode GCP—Google Cloud Platform GCR—Group Coded Recording GDB—GNU Debugger
List of computing and IT abbreviations
List_of_computing_and_IT_abbreviations
Set of computer software and specifications
overall capabilities. For example, the Java compiler, which converts Java source code into Java bytecode (an intermediate language for the JVM), is provided
Java_(software_platform)
the GNU Compiler for Java (GCJ). Sun never filed lawsuits against any of the open source clone projects. GCJ notably caused a bad user experience for Java
History of free and open-source software
History_of_free_and_open-source_software
proprietary Java SE technology implementation built around an ahead-of-time (AOT) Java to native code compiler. The compiler transforms the portable Java bytecode
Excelsior_JET
Organization supporting the free software movement
the GNU system, such as GNU Compiler Collection. As the holder of these copyrights, it has authority to enforce the copyleft requirements of the GNU General
Free_Software_Foundation
Software that can produce new versions of itself
cross compiler (or cross assembler when working with assembly language). A cross compiler allows source code on one platform to be compiled for a different
Self-hosting_(compilers)
License exception of GNU General Public License
applets. When GNU Classpath is used unmodified as the core class library for a virtual machine, compiler for the Java language, or for a program written
GPL_linking_exception
Topics referred to by the same term
Alcatel-Lucent products Compiled native interface (previously Cygnus native interface), software framework for the GNU Compiler for Java Container Network Interface
CNI
Programming language
security Undefined behavior GCC — GNU Compiler Collection Clang — LLVM C compiler MSVC — Microsoft Visual C++ compiler (supports C) TinyCC Turbo C The C
Outline of the C programming language
Outline_of_the_C_programming_language
Software build automation tool
with compiler-assisted dependency generation. As a final example requiring the gcc compiler and GNU Make, here is a generic makefile that compiles all
Make_(software)
Garbage collector software library
environments for a number of other languages, including Crystal, the Codon high performance python compiler, the GNU Compiler for Java runtime environment
Boehm_garbage_collector
Yacc-compatible parser generator program
GNU Bison, commonly known as Bison, is a parser generator that is part of the GNU Project. Bison reads a specification in Bison syntax (described as "machine-readable
GNU_Bison
Topics referred to by the same term
Judiciary, the constitutional body governing the Judiciary of Spain GNU Compiler for Java Grand Central Airport, in Midrand, South Africa Knight Grand Commander
GCJ
Family of Unix-like operating systems
– the GNU Fortran compiler, part of GCC". GNU GCC. Archived from the original on April 18, 2020. Retrieved May 3, 2020. "GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection"
Linux
(Text Editor and Corrector) TELCOMP TeX TIE TMG (TransMoGrifier), compiler-compiler Tom Topspeed (Clarion) TPU (Text Processing Utility) Trac T-SQL (Transact-SQL)
List_of_programming_languages
Program that generates parsers or compilers
computer science, a compiler-compiler or compiler generator is a programming tool that creates a parser, interpreter, or compiler from some form of formal
Compiler-compiler
Programming language usually implemented with a compiler
Informally, a compiled language is a programming language that is usually implemented with a compiler rather than an interpreter. Because any language
Compiled_language
Traditional first example of a computer programming language
GNU Smalltalk Hack Harbour Haskell Hollywood HTML HTML Application IBM Open Class Idris INTERCAL Internet Foundation Classes Io IRAF J JADE Java JavaFX
Hello,_world
Control flow construct for executing code repeatedly
2025-12-16. "for Statement (GNU C Language Manual)". www.gnu.org. Archived from the original on 13 July 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2026. "for statement (C++)"
Loop_(statement)
Process of writing a self-compiling compiler
technique for producing a self-compiling compiler – that is, a compiler (or assembler) written in the source programming language that it intends to compile. An
Bootstrapping_(compilers)
Foreign function interface library
The JNI-free way to call native code from Java. gcj The runtime library for the GNU Compiler for the Java Programming Language uses libffi to handle
Libffi
Open-source Java compiler
software community needed free Java implementations, the GNU Compiler for Java became the most commonly used compiler. Free and open-source software portal
Jikes
Compiler backend for multiple programming languages
machine-dependent assembly language code for a target platform. LLVM can accept the IR from the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) toolchain, allowing it to
LLVM
Lisp software and development tools
(ABCL) — runs on the Java Virtual Machine Chicken Scheme — Scheme implementation with C backend Chez Scheme — optimizing compiler for Scheme Clojure — modern
List of Lisp software and tools
List_of_Lisp_software_and_tools
Free and open-source implementation of Java SE
of the core Java Platform within 30 to 60 days. Sun released the Java HotSpot virtual machine and compiler as free software under the GNU General Public
OpenJDK
Cross-platform programming language
compiler MTASC, also built by Nicolas Cannasse and is released under the GNU General Public License version 2 or later. The Haxe language can compile
Haxe
Integrated development environment
data. The GCC for SPARC Systems (GCCFSS) compiler uses GNU Compiler Collection's (GCC) front end with the Oracle Developer Studio compiler's code-generating
Oracle_Developer_Studio
Computer programming convention
style, was originally used in the documentation for the first commercial C compiler, the Whitesmiths Compiler. It was also popular in the early days of Windows
Indentation_style
Software application used to develop software
on 10 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014. "JDoodle - Online Compiler, Editor for Java, C/C++, etc". "Course CS350 Integrated Development Environments"
Integrated development environment
Integrated_development_environment
Sub-field of computer science
be usable without new features being added, the compiler should generate efficient code, a compiler should be fast, and that a language should be compatible
Programming language design and implementation
Programming_language_design_and_implementation
Keyword used in some programming languages to tag variables
optimizations that may be performed by the compiler, the CLR, or by hardware. When a field is marked volatile, the compiler is instructed to generate a "memory
Volatile (computer programming)
Volatile_(computer_programming)
Translator of computer source code
A source-to-source translator, source-to-source compiler (S2S compiler), transcompiler, or transpiler is a type of translator that takes the source code
Source-to-source_compiler
Compiler front-end
HIP. It acts as a drop-in replacement for the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), supporting most of its compiling flags and unofficial language extensions
Clang
Compiler that optimizes generated code
An optimizing compiler is a compiler designed to generate code that is optimized in aspects such as minimizing program execution time, memory usage, storage
Optimizing_compiler
COBOL software and development tools
NetCOBOL — COBOL compiler for Windows, Linux, and mainframes GnuCOBOL — open-source COBOL compiler translating COBOL to C and then compiling with GCC IBM
List of COBOL software and tools
List_of_COBOL_software_and_tools
Multi-paradigm system programming language
the D compiler itself in 100% D". The backend and almost the entire compiler was ported from C++ to D for full bootstrapping. GCC – The GNU Compiler Collection
D_(programming_language)
General-purpose programming language
GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection. Archived from the original on June 17, 2002. Retrieved September 24, 2022. "Pragmas". Intel C++ Compiler Classic Developer
C_(programming_language)
commercial C and C++ compiler for multiple platforms GCC (GNU Compiler Collection) — widely used free and open-source compiler supporting C and many
List_of_C_software_and_tools
Java-related build and integration project
possible for the GNU Compiler for Java to compile the OpenJDK code. OpenJDK presented a bootstrapping question of itself being written in Java. Hence,
IcedTea
C function to format and output text
make compilers printf-aware. The -Wformat option of GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) allows compile time checks to printf calls, enabling the compiler to detect
Printf
General-purpose, object-oriented programming language
developed for non-Apple operating systems or that are not dependent on Apple's APIs may also be compiled for any platform supported by GNU, GNU Compiler Collection
Objective-C
GNU version of the Emacs text editor
keystrokes. Some GNU Emacs commands work by invoking external programs, such as ispell for spell-checking and the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) for program compilation
GNU_Emacs
Formalism to describe programming languages
BNF matching JavaCC, Java Compiler Compiler tm (JavaCC tm) - The Java Parser Generator Instaparse, for building parsers for context-free grammars in Clojure
Backus–Naur_form
Free and open-source assembler
Renesas SH Being the final stage for a popular compiler suite, namely GCC, the GNU Assembler is very widely used in compiling modern free and open source software
GNU_Assembler
Approach to managing resources by tying them to object lifetime
at the end of scope. For versions of C prior to the introduction of defer Clang and the GNU Compiler Collection implement a [[gnu::cleanup]] attribute
Resource acquisition is initialization
Resource_acquisition_is_initialization
Data structure or code used by a compiler
this allows compiler systems like the GNU Compiler Collection and LLVM to be used by many different source languages to generate code for many different
Intermediate_representation
(Bison 3.8.1)". www.gnu.org. The Catalog of Compiler Construction Tools Archived 2011-08-13 at the Wayback Machine Open Source Parser Generators in Java
Comparison of parser generators
Comparison_of_parser_generators
Parser generator
Yacc (Yet Another Compiler-Compiler) is a computer program for the Unix operating system developed by Stephen C. Johnson. It is a lookahead left-to-right
Yacc
Software development environment
refreshed light theme, improved code folding for Java, and updated C/C++ tooling based on the Clang compiler frontend. The Eclipse Public License (EPL)
Eclipse_(software)
American computer company, 1982–2010
announced it would be licensing its Java implementation under the GNU General Public License; it released its Java compiler and JVM at that time. In February
Sun_Microsystems
protect against compiler backdoors: if the build process does not depend on binary code that is difficult to audit, then a compiler backdoor cannot be
Bootstrappable_builds
Instruction set designed to be run by a software interpreter
environment for statistical computing offers a bytecode compiler through the compiler package, now standard with R version 2.13.0. It is possible to compile this
Bytecode
Java virtual machine
his PhD thesis on optimizing compilers. The compiler name HotSpot is derived from the software's behavior: as it runs Java bytecode, as with the Self VM
HotSpot
libraries are released under a GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL). The compiler and programming tools are released under a GNU General Public License (GPL)
Bigloo
Java processor created by Sun Microsystems
with a Java virtual machine. GNU Compiler Collection added picoJava support in 1999 as machine definition 'pj,'. The open-source version of picoJava has
PicoJava
General-purpose programming language
compiler implementation. Different C++ compilers implement inline assembly in distinct ways. GCC (GNU Compiler Collection) and Clang: Both compilers use
C++
Free-software license
The GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) is a free-software license published by the Free Software Foundation (FSF). The license allows developers
GNU Lesser General Public License
GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License
Static code analysis tool
Supported Compilers: Apple Xcode, ARM RealView, CodeWarrior, GNU C/C++, Green Hills Compiler, HI-TECH Compiler, IAR Compiler, Intel C++ Compiler, Microsoft
CodeSonar
Open-source Java obfuscation tool
an open source command-line tool which shrinks, optimizes and obfuscates Java code. It was created by Belgian software engineer Eric Lafortune and later
ProGuard
GNU replacement for the Bourne shell
systems. Created in 1989 by Brian Fox for the GNU Project, it is designed as a completely free software alternative for the Bourne shell, sh, and other proprietary
Bash_(Unix_shell)
Programming language operator
original on Feb 17, 2024. "Statement Exprs (Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC))". gcc.gnu.org. Retrieved 2026-05-10. "decltype specifier". cppreference
Typeof
improvements GNU Compiler Collection, formerly the GNU C Compiler. Originally authored by Richard Stallman in 1987, GCC is a major modern compiler which is
History of compiler construction
History_of_compiler_construction
List of notable software written in or for the C++ programming language
Data Binding compiler Dev-C++ — MinGW or TDM-GCC 64bit port of the GCC as its compiler GCC – GNU Compiler Collection Intel C++ Compiler – proprietary
List of C++ software and tools
List_of_C++_software_and_tools
Compiler generator
on 2012-06-19. Terry, Pat (2005). Compiling with C# and Java. Addison Wesley. (A book about using Coco/R for compiler construction.) Rechenberg, Peter
Coco/R
Modular translation unit in C++
Interface Files" (PDF). open-std.org. WG21. GNU Compiler Collection. "3.23.3 Compiled Module Interface". gcc.gnu.org. GNU Project. Retrieved 18 April 2026. Microsoft
Modules_(C++)
Java software and development tools
environment javac – Java programming language compiler Java Virtual Machine (JVM) – virtual machine that executes Java bytecode JD Decompiler JEB decompiler – disassembler
List of Java software and tools
List_of_Java_software_and_tools
by SpacemiT. GNU Assembler TCCASM Barebox Das U-Boot GNU GRUB Limine GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) LLVM / Clang Tiny C Compiler (TCC) GNU Debugger (gdb)
RISC-V_ecosystem
Text processing programming language
AWK compiler for Solaris, MS-DOS, OS/2, and Windows, sold by Thompson Automation Software (defunct). Jawk is a project to implement AWK in Java, hosted
AWK
Process in computer science
later, GNU Guix. In 2013, the Tor (anonymity network) project started using Gitian for their reproducible builds. Starting in 2011, a reproducible Java build
Reproducible_builds
Java programming language Open source implementation
free Java implementations. Many developers expected that it would be the project above[clarification needed] the GNU, Apache and other communities. GNU developers
Apache_Harmony
Programming language
supported. Compiler and IDE are available now for non-commercial use. GNU Pascal Compiler (GPC) is the Pascal compiler of the GNU Compiler Collection
Pascal_(programming_language)
One-way software control-flow statement
2021. GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection 2021. Fronczak & Lubbers 1974, p. 226. Van Tassel 2004. Perl syntax manual 2021. GOTO for Java 2009. Sexton 2012
Goto
the GNU GCJ compiler front-end and runtime system which adds support for most of the features required by the RTSJ. International Workshop on Java Technologies
Real-time_Java
C programming language standard, 1999 revision
the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)". Gcc.gnu.org. Retrieved 8 April 2014. "C Dialect Options - Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)". Gcc.gnu.org.
C99
General-purpose programming language
for Windows, macOS, and Linux. The DotGNU project (now discontinued) also provided an open-source C# compiler, a nearly complete implementation of the
C Sharp (programming language)
C_Sharp_(programming_language)
GNU COMPILER-FOR-JAVA
GNU COMPILER-FOR-JAVA
Female
Thai/Siamese
Thai name A-GUN means "grape."
Boy/Male
Muslim
Compiler of Hadith
Female
Egyptian
, child of Nu.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Computer
Boy/Male
Tamil
Computer
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.Americanized form of German Koppler.
Boy/Male
Muslim
The compeller
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived near a ford, Middle English, Old English ford, or a habitational name from one of the many places named with this word, such as Ford in Northumberland, Shropshire, and West Sussex, or Forde in Dorset.Irish : Anglicized form (quasi-translation) of various Gaelic names, for example Mac Giolla na Naomh ‘son of Gilla na Naomh’ (a personal name meaning ‘servant of the saints’), Mac Conshámha ‘son of Conshnámha’ (a personal name composed of the elements con ‘dog’ + snámh ‘to swim’), in all of which the final syllable was wrongly thought to be áth ‘ford’, and Ó Fuar(th)áin (see Foran).Jewish : Americanized form of one or more like-sounding Jewish surnames.Translation of German Fürth (see Furth).
Male
Babylonian
, Anu, is prince; Anammelech.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from the animal, Middle English, Old English fox. It may have denoted a cunning individual or been given to someone with red hair or for some other anecdotal reason. This relatively common and readily understood surname seems to have absorbed some early examples of less transparent surnames derived from the Germanic personal names mentioned at Faulks and Foulks.Irish : part translation of Gaelic Mac an tSionnaigh ‘son of the fox’ (see Tinney).Jewish (American) : translation of the Ashkenazic Jewish surname Fuchs.Americanized spelling of Focks, a North German patronymic from the personal name Fock (see Volk).Americanized spelling of Fochs, a North German variant of Fuchs, or in some cases no doubt a translation of Fuchs itself.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Compiler of the Vedas
Male
Welsh
Welsh form of Old Norse Ãvarr, IFOR means "bow warrior."
Female
Finnish
Estonian and Finnish pet form of Greek Hanna, ANU means "favor; grace."
Boy/Male
Indian
The compeller
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Compiler of Hadith
Male
English
From an Old English byname, FOX means "fox."
Surname or Lastname
English, French, and Catalan
English, French, and Catalan : nickname from Old French, Middle English, Catalan fort, ‘strong’, ‘brave’ (Latin fortis). In some cases it may be from the Latin personal name derived from this word; this was borne by an obscure saint whose cult was popular during the Middle Ages in southern and southwestern France.English and French : topographic name for someone who lived near a fortress or stronghold, or an occupational name for someone employed in one. Compare Fortier 1.Czech (Fořt) : variant of Forst.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Complex
Female
English
English variant spelling of French Fleur, or perhaps just a short form of Latin Flora, both FLOR means "flower."
Male
Scandinavian
 Scandinavian form of Old Norse Þórr, TOR means "Thor" or "thunder." Compare with other forms of Tor.
GNU COMPILER-FOR-JAVA
GNU COMPILER-FOR-JAVA
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Mighty
Boy/Male
Tamil
Immortal, Unique
Girl/Female
Tamil
Vunshika | வà¯à®‚நà¯à®·à¯€à®•à®¾
Durga
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, Christian, English, German
From the Old Ford; Place Name; The Old River-ford; Ready for Battle
Girl/Female
French Greek American Persian
Pearl.
Boy/Male
Sikh
Gods saint, In the memories of all gurus
Female
English
Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Muadhnait, MONAT means "little noble one."
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Sincere; Frank; Pure-hearted
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord Indra
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh
Satisfying the Mind
GNU COMPILER-FOR-JAVA
GNU COMPILER-FOR-JAVA
GNU COMPILER-FOR-JAVA
GNU COMPILER-FOR-JAVA
GNU COMPILER-FOR-JAVA
n.
The gnu.
n.
One who compiles; esp., one who makes books by compilation.
n.
The gnu.
n.
A composer or compiler of hymns; one versed in hymnology.
n.
One who composes or writes a book; a composer, as distinguished from an editor, translator, or compiler.
conj.
Because; by reason that; for that; indicating, in Old English, the reason of anything.
n.
One who complies, yields, or obeys; one of an easy, yielding temper.
v. t.
To contain or comprise.
prep.
Indicating the space or time through which an action or state extends; hence, during; in or through the space or time of.
n.
Composed of two or more parts; composite; not simple; as, a complex being; a complex idea.
prep.
Indicating the remoter and indirect object of an act; the end or final cause with reference to which anything is, acts, serves, or is done.
imp. & p. p.
of Compile
prep.
Indicating that on place of or instead of which anything acts or serves, or that to which a substitute, an equivalent, a compensation, or the like, is offered or made; instead of, or place of.
prep.
Indicating the antecedent cause or occasion of an action; the motive or inducement accompanying and prompting to an act or state; the reason of anything; that on account of which a thing is or is done.
n.
Compiler.
prep.
Indicating that in the character of or as being which anything is regarded or treated; to be, or as being.
prep.
In the most general sense, indicating that in consideration of, in view of, or with reference to, which anything is done or takes place.
n.
One of two species of large South African antelopes of the genus Catoblephas, having a mane and bushy tail, and curved horns in both sexes.
v. t.
To put together in a new form out of materials already existing; esp., to put together or compose out of materials from other books or documents.
n.
The brindled gnu. See Gnu.