AI & ChatGPT searches , social queries for GLOTTOLOG
Search references for GLOTTOLOG. Phrases containing GLOTTOLOG
See searches and references containing GLOTTOLOG!
Search references for GLOTTOLOG. Phrases containing GLOTTOLOG
See searches and references containing GLOTTOLOG!GLOTTOLOG
Online bibliographic database of languages
Glottolog is an open-access online bibliographic database of the world's languages. In addition to listing linguistic materials (grammars, articles, dictionaries)
Glottolog
unclassified in either Campbell (2024), Loukotka (1968), Ethnologue, or Glottolog. Nearly all are extinct. It is likely that many of them were not actually
List of unclassified languages of South America
List_of_unclassified_languages_of_South_America
Catalogue of the world's languages
Glottolog 2.3. Glottolog.org. 1978. Retrieved July 13, 2014. Glottolog 2.3. Glottolog.org. 1984. Retrieved July 13, 2014. Glottolog 2.3. Glottolog.org
Ethnologue
Group of languages related through a common ancestor
although he, Ethnologue and Glottolog also disagree as to which languages belong in the family. Neither Ethnologue nor Glottolog list the language families
Language_family
Branch of the Iranian languages
known as "reverse ezafe" which sets it apart from the standard ezafe. Glottolog proposes the following linguistic classification and subgrouping of the
Western_Iranian_languages
Classification of the Turkic language family
Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Common Turkic". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Common_Turkic_languages
languages List of proposed language families Unclassified language "Glottolog 5.0 -". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2024-06-28. "What are the largest language families
List_of_language_families
Dialect of the Yawalapití language
Yawalapiti, which suggests that it is an Arawakan language of the Xingu group. Glottolog states that it is unattested, which suggests that any classification is
Agavotaguerra_language
Historical variety of French used from the mid-14th century to the early 17th century
Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2022-05-24). "Glottolog 4.8 - Shifted Western Romance". Glottolog. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Middle_French
Ancient Italic language
attempts at reconstructions of the Sabine form. Based on all the evidence, Glottolog classifies it as an Old Sabellic dialect alongside South Picene and Pre-Samnite
Sabine_language
Possible Arafundi language of Papua New Guinea
like Glottolog, treat it as distinct. Due to lack of data, it is impossible to state with any certainty on the status of Meakambut. "Glottolog 5.2 -
Meakambut_language
Variety of Central German
area of Central Germany (Mitteldeutschland). It comprises according to Glottolog: Central East Middle German High Prussian (Hochpreußisch) (nearly extinct)
East_Central_German
Group of Kurdish dialects
significant linguistic differences were found between the two languages.The Glottolog database proposes a detailed classification and classifies it within the
Gorani_language
Extinct language from Sierra Leone
believed it to be a Northern Mande language, similar to Kono and Vai, but Glottolog leaves it unclassified. Dalby, T. D. P. (1963). "The extinct language
Dama_language_(Sierra_Leone)
Language spoken in Burma
Kuki-Chin language in Falam Township, Chin State, Myanmar. "Glottolog 5.3 - Bualkhaw Chin". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2026-03-24. "Chin, Bualkhaw | Ethnologue
Bualkhaw_language
Gondi language of India
Survey Among the Pardhan Community of Central India". CiteSeerX 10.1.1.559.17. "Glottolog 5.1 - Pardhan". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2024-12-20. v t e
Pardhan_language
Austronesian language spoken in Borneo
the Penan people of Borneo. They are related to the Kenyah languages. Glottolog shows Western Penan as closer to Sebop than it is to Eastern Penan. Eastern
Penan_language
Sino-Tibetan language of India
spoken in Bhutan is the closest external relative of Kalaktang Monpa. Glottolog classifies Kalaktang Monpa under Tshanglic, a sub-branch of the Bodic
Kalaktang_Monpa_language
Extinct Samoyedic language
due to the scarcity of information about the language. Nevertheless, Glottolog considers it to be a dialect of Tundra Nenets, as is the traditional assumption
Yurats_language
Proposed language family of Brazil
of Alagoas state in Brazil, Xukuru and Paratió, both of them extinct. Glottolog treats them as dialects of a singular Xukuru language. The languages are:
Xukuruan_languages
Extinct branch of Yeniseian languages
portal Jie people "Glottolog 4.6 - Arin-Pumpokol". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2022-09-10. "Glottolog 4.6 - Southern Yeniseian". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2022-09-10
Pumpokolic_languages
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
also spoken by the Rejang people of southwestern Sumatra, Indonesia. Glottolog classifies the Land Dayak languages as follows. Benyadu-Bekatiʼ: Bekatiʼ
Land_Dayak_languages
Nilo-Saharan language spoken in East Africa
Islamization of the Sudan region. The Luo languages are classified within the Glottolog database as follows: Lwoo Northern Lwoo Anuak Belanda Bor Luwo–Thuri Luwo
Luo_languages
Reputably reported languages later shown to not exist
ISBN 9783110255133. Upper Kaeme may correspond to Korowai. "Glottolog 2.4 – Adabe". Glottolog.org. Retrieved 13 July 2015. "ISO 639-3 Change History". 01
Spurious_languages
Southwestern Iranian dialect of Khuzestan
classified Shushtri and Dezfuli as a language independent from Persian. Glottolog places the Dezfuli and Shoshtri dialects with the Luri language in a group
Shushtari_dialect
Variety of French from Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (24 May 2022). "Glottolog 4.8 – Shifted Western Romance". Glottolog. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Saint Pierre and Miquelon French
Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon_French
Group of languages
Sardinian. Ethnologue and Glottolog, which support the Southern Romance theory, propose the following classification (with Glottolog considering South Lucanian
Southern_Romance_languages
Group of Northeast Bantu languages
the west of the Wembere River. The Takama languages are classified by Glottolog as follows: Takama Nyamwezic Kimbu Konongo-Ruwila Nyamwezi Sukuma Sumbwa
Takama_languages
Austronesian language spoken in Kalimantan, Indonesia
2014. "Glottolog 4.8 - Ma'anyan". glottolog.org. "Ma'anyan | Ethnologue Free". Ethnologue (Free All). "Glottolog 4.8 - Dusun Balangan". glottolog.org. Retrieved
Dusun_Balangan_language
Malacca–Batavia Portuguese Creole is a Glottolog classification that includes: Malaccan Creole Portuguese (Papia Kristang), spoken in Malacca, Malaysia
Malacca–Batavia Portuguese Creole
Malacca–Batavia_Portuguese_Creole
Malayalam language group
Kumbaran and Kakkala may be Malayalam languages as well.[citation needed] Glottolog classifies the Malayalam languages as follows: Hammarström, Harald; Forkel
Malayalamoid_languages
Sino-Tibetan language of India
with the branch is unclear because of lack of reliable language data. Glottolog defines it as "unclassified Southern Tibetic". Van Driem classifies it
Khamba_language
Subgroup of the Luo languages
are spoken in South Sudan and Ethiopia. Northern Luo is classified by Glottolog as follows: Northern Lwoo Anuak Belanda Bor Luwo-Thuri Luwo Thuri Päri
Northern_Luo_languages
Niger-Congo language spoken in Nigeria
in Sterk (1978a). Blench (2019) lists Okene, Etuno (Tụnọ), and Koto. Glottolog divides Ebira into three dialects Igara, Koto and Okene. Sounds /s, z/
Ebira_language
Dialect of Zaza
historically and linguistically derived from the words Daylam and Daylamite. Glottolog classifies Southern Zaza within the Adharic subgroup of the Northwestern
Southern_Zaza
Nilo-Saharan language spoken in Eritrea
distantly related. The endangerment status of Nara is unclear. According to Glottolog it is not endangered, but according to Tsige Hailemichael, the "...Nara
Nara_language
Dravidian language of Chhattisgarh, India
spoken by the Kharwar tribe in Surguja district of Chhattisgarh in India. Glottolog has labeled it as unclassified within the Dravidian group. Khirwar at
Khirwar_language
Sepik language family of Papua New Guinea
the Sepik languages of northern Papua New Guinea, though Glottolog leaves them out. Glottolog 3.4 classifies the Walio languages as an independent language
Walio_languages
Family of African languages
the Eastern Sudanic language family spoken in Chad and Sudan, though Glottolog notes that "no conclusive, methodologically sound basis for assigning
Taman_languages
Semnani language spoken in northern Iran
Sorkhei. Glottolog classifies the Sangsari language within the Komisenian subgroup of the Northwest Iranian branch of the Iranian languages. Glottolog's classification
Sangsari_language
Language family in Papua New Guinea
Kombio-Arapeshan grouping, instead splitting up into the Arapesh and Urim groups. Glottolog v4.8 presents the following classification for the "Nuclear Torricelli"
Torricelli_languages
Indo-Aryan language of Pakistan
with neighbouring languages, but leaves it unclassified beyond this. Glottolog classifies it as part of the Western Rajasthani languages instead. An
Bhaya_language
Name used for several languages, some spurious
Zoroastrians in Iran. Ethnologue assigns it the ISO 639-3 code [prd], but Glottolog considers it spurious and a duplicate of the Zoroastrian Dari language
Parsi_language
Family of sign languages
related sign languages: Paraguay Sign Language and Uruguay Sign Language. Glottolog also includes the Chilean Sign Language in a possible larger Chile–Paraguay–Uruguay
Paraguay–Uruguay Sign Language family
Paraguay–Uruguay_Sign_Language_family
Oghuz Turkic variety spoken primarily in Iran
dialect spoken in Iran and Afghanistan by the Afshars. Ethnologue and Glottolog list it as a dialect of the Azerbaijani language. The Encyclopædia Iranica
Afshar_dialect
Language that has no demonstrable genetic relationship with other languages
Martin Haspelmath; Sebastian Bank (2020-04-16), "Linguistics", glottolog/glottolog: Glottolog database 4.2.1, doi:10.5281/zenodo.3754591, retrieved 2020-08-12
Language_isolate
Sub group of the Indo-Aryan languages in the Indian subcontinent
zone of Indo-Aryan languages. The languages in this group, according to Glottolog, include Assamese, Bengali, Bishnupriya, Chakma, Chittagonian, Hajong
Bengali–Assamese_languages
Proposed language family of Brazil
of the Mura language (with the Pirahã dialect) and extinct Matanawí. Glottolog evaluates it as "promising" but does not rule out chance for the similarities
Mura-Matanawi_languages
Extinct language of Bolivia
Ramanos is a poorly attested extinct language of what is now Bolivia. Glottolog concludes that "the minuscule wordlist ... shows no convincing resemblances
Ramanos_language
Iranian language branch
significant linguistic similarities with the Zaza language, spoken in Anatolia. Glottolog lists the Caspian languages as Gilaki-Rudbari, Mazanderani-Shahmirzadi
Caspian_languages
West Germanic language
unregulated Language codes ISO 639-1 en ISO 639-2 eng ISO 639-3 eng Glottolog stan1293 Linguasphere 52-ABA Regions where English is the native language
English_language
Family of Romance languages
define Venetian as part of the Italo-Dalmatian branch, both Ethnologue and Glottolog group it into the Gallo-Italic languages. The languages are spoken also
Gallo-Italic_languages
Austronesian spoken language in Indonesia
region of the Barisan Mountains where these lects are spoken. Meanwhile, Glottolog uses the term Central Malay instead to refer Malayic varieties around
South_Barisan_Malay
Subdivision of the Slavic language group
Evolutionary Anthropology classifies the West Slavic languages within their Glottolog database as follows: Some linguists include Upper and Lower Sorbian in
West_Slavic_languages
Language family of Eurasia
Shimunek's reconstruction for the historical ethnonym Xianbei (鮮卑). In Glottolog 4.4, the languages are referred to as Mongolic–Khitan. Below is a preliminary
Serbi–Mongolic_languages
Language of the Semnan Province of Iran
Iranian Median language and was influenced by Parthian in a later process. Glottolog classifies the Semnani language within the Semnani-Biyabuneki subgroup
Semnani_language
Group of Indo-Aryan languages
languages Punjabi dialects Includes variants and dialects "Glottolog 4.8 – Sindhic". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2023-07-13. Lewis, M. Paul; Gary F. Simons;
Sindhi_languages
Language family of Eurasia
1101/2022.06.09.495471. Janhunen (2006:232–233) Nugteren (2011) "Glottolog 4.7 – Mogholi". glottolog.org. Retrieved 27 December 2022. e.g. Sečenbaɣatur et al
Mongolic_languages
in South Sudan which borders the Gambela Region. However, according to Glottolog, many of those comprise small language families or isolates, such as Surmic
List of ethnic groups in Ethiopia
List_of_ethnic_groups_in_Ethiopia
Language family
and diaspora populations in Western Europe and West Asia. According to Glottolog, there are currently 36 Nakh-Dagestanian languages. Several names have
Northeast_Caucasian_languages
Australian Aboriginal language
the name, listing a Dungaloo wordlist under Taribelang (Gureng-Gureng). Glottolog does the same, treating it as a dialect of Gureng Gureng. Roy Hatfield
Dhungaloo_language
Sub-branch of the Turkic language family
Horde that is considered a preliminary stage of the Chagatai language. Glottolog v.5.2 refers to the Karluk languages as "Turkestan" and classifies them
Karluk_languages
Dialect continuum of southeastern Mali
languages may be shared with Yanda. These are all extremely poorly known. Glottolog 4.3 synthesises classifications from Moran & Prokić (2013) and Hochstetler
Dogon_languages
Subgroup of the Austronesian language family
Nuclear Malayic (all other lects) This classification was mirrored in the Glottolog (Version 3.4). Following Tadmor (2002), Anderbeck (2012) makes a distinction
Malayic_languages
Language family of Eurasia
December 2020 at the Wayback Machine – Glottolog Krymchak Archived 7 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine – Glottolog Baskakov, N. A. (1958). "La Classification
Turkic_languages
sections; however, the classifications do not correspond to these divisions. Glottolog 4.1 (2019) recognizes 42 independent families and 31 isolates in North
Classification of the Indigenous languages of the Americas
Classification_of_the_Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas
Branch of the Romance languages
also part of the Gallo-Italic branch according both to Ethnologue and Glottolog. Gallo-Italic can be classified as either Gallo-Romance or a separate
Gallo-Romance_languages
the White Nile. Culture History in the Southern Sudan: Archaeology, Linguistics and Ethnohistory. p. 27. "Glottolog 5.2 - Dinka-Nuer". glottolog.org.
Dinka–Nuer_languages
Branch of the Romance language group
Romance dialect continuum. The Gardiol language has been classified by Glottolog as an independent language in the Occitanic language family, but has also
Occitano-Romance_languages
Varieties of Dutch spoken in Flanders, Belgium
West Flanders, the Dutch Zeelandic Flanders and French Frans-Vlaanderen Glottolog considers Western Flemish to be a separate language, classified as a part
Flemish_dialects
Romance subfamily of Southeast Europe
Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). "Glottolog 4.8 - Eastern Romance". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Eastern_Romance_languages
Northwestern Iranian language of Iran
Martin (eds.). "Razajerdi". Glottolog . Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. "Razajerdi". Glottolog. Retrieved 11 December
Razajerdi_language
Subgroup of the Iranian languages
Family tree The following classification cites Nóvak (2013, 2014) and Glottolog 5.3. Eastern Iranian (sprachbund) Sogdo-Scythian Scythian Cimmerian †
Eastern_Iranian_languages
Geographic and cultural region
Ethnologue (to which UNESCO refers on its page about endangered languages) and Glottolog define it as Gallo-Italic. Northern Italy was called by different terms
Northern_Italy
Variety of the Occitan language
Guardia Piemontese, Calabria, where the language is known as Gardiol, which Glottolog recognizes as a distinct language within the Occitanic language family
Vivaro-Alpine_dialect
Swedish linguist
University. Hammarström is especially known for his extensive work on curating Glottolog, a bibliographic database of the world's languages. Hammarström has previously
Harald_Hammarström
Indo-Aryan language name
"Glottolog 4.7 - Jatki". Glottolog.org. Retrieved 28 February 2023. "Glottolog 4.7 - Jhangi". Glottolog.org. Retrieved 28 February 2023. "Glottolog 4
Jatki_language
Language family spoken in Egypt and Sudan
often placed Nubian within Nilo-Saharan (commonly under Eastern Sudanic). Glottolog treats Nubian as a primary family and notes that a conclusive external
Nubian_languages
Extinct language of northern Iran
the 14th and 15th centuries, from the writings of the Horufi movement. Glottolog classifies Gorgani within the Caspian subgroup of Iranian languages, along
Gorgani_language
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin (eds.). "Amotomanco". Glottolog . Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
List of extinct Uto-Aztecan languages
List_of_extinct_Uto-Aztecan_languages
Variety of French language
Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2022-05-24). "Glottolog 4.8 - Shifted Western Romance". Glottolog. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
French_of_France
Dialect cluster of Central Australia
of the traditional pronunciation of the name of Arrernte [ˈarəɳ͡ɖa]. Glottolog defines the Arandic group of languages/dialects as comprising five Aranda
Arrernte_language
Endangered Kalenjin language of Tanzania
be retained as a clan name within the Akie ethnic group. "Glottolog 5.3 - Akie". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2026-04-07. König, Christa; Heine, Bernd; Legère
Akie_language
Brill "Glottolog 4.0 - Angami-Pochuri". glottolog.org. "Glottolog 4.0 - Central Naga". glottolog.org. "Glottolog 4.0 - Tangkhul-Maring". glottolog.org.
Naga_languages
Northwestern Iranian language spoken in Turkey
regions of Turkey. Leading linguistic authorities, including SIL Global, Glottolog and Ethnologue, categorize the language into distinct northern and southern
Zaza_language
Group of languages of the Netherlands
intelligible. The varieties on the islands are rather divergent, and Glottolog distinguishes four languages: Hindeloopen Frisian (Hylpersk, Dutch Hindeloopers
West_Frisian_languages
Indigenous language family of North America
Mithun 1999:337 Nikolaev 2015 Nikolaev 2016 Goddard 1994 "Glottolog 5.0 - Algic". glottolog.org. Retrieved July 6, 2024. Campbell 2000:153 Proulx 1991
Algic_languages
Unclassified language of Peru
America: a comprehensive guide. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. "Glottolog 5.2 - Aguano". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2025-08-04. Mason, J. Alden. 1950. The languages
Aguano_language
Country in South Asia
the original on 2 September 2017. "Languages of Pakistan". Glottolog 4.5 – Languages. Glottolog. Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 12
Pakistan
Central Sudanic language of DR Congo
is a Central Sudanic language of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Glottolog has it as one of the Kara languages, in line with recent literature, while
Furu_language
Tidikelt–Tuat Tamazight is a Glottolog classification for languages in Algeria that includes: Tidikelt language Tuwat language Hammarström, Harald; Forkel
Tidikelt–Tuat Tamazight language
Tidikelt–Tuat_Tamazight_language
Variety of the Occitan language
the Waldensians. It is therefore related to the Vivaro-Alpine. However, Glottolog recognizes Gardiol as a distinct language within the Occitanic language
Gardiol_language
Indo-Aryan language spoken in India, Bangladesh, and Nepal
bilingual in Bengali and Assamese in their respective regions. According to Glottolog, it forms the Central-Eastern Kamta group. Together with Goalpariya/Deshi
Rangpuri_language
Recently extinct Papuan language of Indonesia
in Air Matoa bears any similarity with other languages, according to Glottolog, which further describes it as "resembl[ing] no other language". A total
Air_Matoa_language
Dravidian language group
Kakkala may be either a Tamil language or one of the Malayalam languages. Glottolog classifies the Tamiloid languages as follows: Hammarström, Harald; Forkel
Tamiloid_languages
Dialect of Malagasy spoken in Mayotte
and Majunga together are considered one of the Malagasy languages by Glottolog. Bushi is known as Kibushi on Mayotte and is spoken by 40% of the island's
Bushi_language
Romance language of Veneto, northeast Italy
branch (and thus, closer to French and Emilian–Romagnol than to Italian), Glottolog places it in its Dalmatian Romance branch alongside Dalmatian and Istriot
Venetian_language
Romance language spoken in Croatia
from the original on 2012-09-28. Retrieved 2010-07-13. "Glottolog 3.1 - Istriot". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2018-01-21. Tagliavini, Carlo. Le origini
Istriot
Romance language branch
into the Italo-Dalmatian languages by Ethnologue unlike Istriot, though Glottolog v5.3 groups Venetian into its Dalmatian Romance branch with Dalmatian
Italo-Western_languages
Branch of Kartvelian containing Georgian and Zan
languages, which contain the Mingrelian and Laz languages. "Glottolog 4.1 – Georgian-Zan". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2020-01-08. Linguistics. Mouton. 1999. Soviet
Karto-Zan_languages
GLOTTOLOG
GLOTTOLOG
GLOTTOLOG
GLOTTOLOG
GLOTTOLOG
GLOTTOLOG
GLOTTOLOG
GLOTTOLOG
GLOTTOLOG