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Search algorithm
In computer science, geometric hashing is a method for efficiently finding two-dimensional objects represented by discrete points that have undergone
Geometric_hashing
Mapping arbitrary data to fixed-size values
hashing is known as geometric hashing or the grid method. In these applications, the set of all inputs is some sort of metric space, and the hashing function
Hash_function
Class of fingerprinting algorithm
Perceptual hashing is the use of a fingerprinting algorithm that produces a snippet, hash, or fingerprint of various forms of multimedia. A perceptual hash is
Perceptual_hashing
Branch of computer science
between every point in a grid and a discrete collection of points. Geometric hashing: a method for efficiently finding two-dimensional objects represented
Computational_geometry
Vectorizing features using a hash function
In machine learning, feature hashing, also known as the hashing trick (by analogy to the kernel trick), is a fast and space-efficient way of vectorizing
Feature_hashing
Topical guide to object recognition
eigenvectors of the templates (called eigenfaces) Modelbases are a collection of geometric models of the objects that should be recognized a search is used to find
Outline_of_object_recognition
Technique for selecting hash functions
families are known (for hashing integers, vectors, strings), and their evaluation is often very efficient. Universal hashing has numerous uses in computer
Universal_hashing
Astronomical technique
Hogg; Michael Blanton (2006-09-28). "Making the Sky Searchable: Fast Geometric Hashing for Automated Astrometry" (PDF). [cosmo]. W. M. Smart (1977). "XII
Astrometric_solving
Fowler–Noll–Vo hash function: fast with low collision rate Pearson hashing: computes 8-bit value only, optimized for 8-bit computers Zobrist hashing: used in
List_of_algorithms
System for dealing with email spam
bits are required for a valid header, since this requires only a single hashing operation. The Hashcash system has the advantage over micropayment proposals
Hashcash
US surveillance project from 1947 to 1949
... To the untrained eye, the reflectors looked extremely odd, a geometrical hash of lightweight sticks and sharp angles made of metal foil. .. photographs
Project_Mogul
Overview of and topical guide to computer vision
geometry Trifocal tensor Active appearance model (AAM) Cross-correlation Geometric hashing Graph cut segmentation Least squares estimation Image pyramid Image
Outline_of_computer_vision
dynamic arrays based on geometric expansion waste linear (Ω(n)) space, where n is the number of elements in the array, hashed array trees waste only order
Hashed_array_tree
Optimization problem in computer science
neighbor algorithm Linear least squares Locality sensitive hashing Maximum inner-product search MinHash Multidimensional analysis Nearest-neighbor interpolation
Nearest_neighbor_search
In graph theory, the mathematically simplest spatial network
In graph theory, a random geometric graph (RGG) is the mathematically simplest spatial network, namely an undirected graph constructed by randomly placing
Random_geometric_graph
Polish computer scientist
Association for Computing Machinery for his work on locality-sensitive hashing. In 2012 his work co-developing the sparse Fourier transform was named
Piotr_Indyk
Arrangement of amino acid sequence
suboptimal sequence alignments Zuker 1991 Bachar et al. Struct No Yes Uses geometric hashing Bachar et al. 1993 Uliel et al. Seq No No Duplication of one sequence
Circular permutation in proteins
Circular_permutation_in_proteins
German computer scientist (born 1949)
Friedhelm; Rohnert, Hans; Tarjan, Robert E. (1994), "Dynamic perfect hashing: upper and lower bounds", SIAM Journal on Computing, 23 (4): 738–761, CiteSeerX 10
Kurt_Mehlhorn
Function used in computer cryptography
cryptographic protocols. One-way compression function Cryptographic hash function Geometric cryptography Trapdoor function Oded Goldreich (2001). Foundations
One-way_function
List data structure to which elements can be added/removed
a.size ← a.size + 1 As n elements are inserted, the capacities form a geometric progression. Expanding the array by any constant proportion a ensures
Dynamic_array
Basilica under construction since 1882 in Barcelona, Spain
ever-changing surfaces are the result of the intersection of various geometric forms. The simplest example is that of a square base evolving into an
Sagrada_Família
Quantum search algorithm
( log ( N ) ) {\displaystyle O(\log(N))} per iteration. There is a geometric interpretation of Grover's algorithm, following from the observation that
Grover's_algorithm
Probability of shared birthdays
formulation, which asks for the median. The problem is relevant to several hashing algorithms analyzed by Donald Knuth in his book The Art of Computer Programming
Birthday_problem
Company logo
difference in the logo is the change in the typeface. It switched to a modern, geometric sans-serif typeface called Product Sans, created in-house at Google (which
Google_logo
Approximate nearest neighbor search algorithm
close items quickly. Other approximate methods include locality-sensitive hashing and product quantization. HNSW builds on research into small-world networks
Hierarchical navigable small world
Hierarchical_navigable_small_world
Digital signature scheme
1\}^{K}} . Randomization of the hash function was introduced to allow the signer to find a quadratic residue, but randomized hashing for signatures later became
Rabin_signature_algorithm
Annual conference series on algorithms
Christos Zaroliagis 2020 Rasmus Pagh, Flemming Friche Rodler: Cuckoo Hashing. In ESA 2001 Uri Zwick, Samir Khuller, Edith Cohen 2019 Ulrich Meyer, Peter
European Symposium on Algorithms
European_Symposium_on_Algorithms
Geometry definition file format
The most common elements are geometric vertices, texture coordinates, vertex normals and polygonal faces: # List of geometric vertices, with (x, y, z, [w])
Wavefront_.obj_file
Mapping function that preserves data point locality
octree hashing, the Z-order curve naturally iterates the octree in depth-first order. Geohash Hilbert R-tree Linear algebra Locality preserving hashing Matrix
Z-order_curve
Public domain geocoding invented in 2008
mmcloughlin/geohash-assembly. Vukovic, Tibor (2016). Hilbert-Geohash - Hashing Geographical Point Data Using the Hilbert Space-Filling Curve. 70 (Thesis)
Geohash
Measure of similarity and diversity between sets
{\displaystyle \mu (A\cup B)=\infty } . The MinHash min-wise independent permutations locality sensitive hashing scheme may be used to efficiently compute
Jaccard_index
mark 0002 U+0022 " 34 042 Quotation mark 0003 U+0023 # 35 043 Number sign, Hash, Octothorpe, Sharp 0004 U+0024 $ 36 044 Dollar sign 0005 U+0025 % 37 045
List_of_Unicode_characters
Pooled resources for cryptocurrency mining
node, bearing the weight of hardware expenses and network bandwidth. Geometric Method (GM) was invented by Meni Rosenfeld. It is based on the same "score"
Mining_pool
Computational geometry problem
among the first geometric problems that were treated at the origins of the systematic study of the computational complexity of geometric algorithms. Randomized
Closest pair of points problem
Closest_pair_of_points_problem
Public park system in Barcelona, Spain
organic forms led to innovative structural solutions based on geometric analysis. These geometric insights gave rise to his imaginative and ornamental style
Park_Güell
Geometric notation for congruent line segments
as on a ruler or number line Congruence notation in geometry — as on a geometric figure Graphed points — as on a graph Hatch marks are frequently used
Hatch_mark
Process of reducing the number of random variables under consideration
semantic analysis Local tangent space alignment Locality-sensitive hashing MinHash Multifactor dimensionality reduction Nearest neighbor search Nonlinear
Dimensionality_reduction
Type of substitution cipher
cipher, Rosicrucian cipher, Napoleon cipher, and tic-tac-toe cipher) is a geometric simple substitution cipher, which exchanges letters for symbols which
Pigpen_cipher
Set of elements common to all of some sets
been generalized from geometry, where it is encountered in the case of geometric sets of points, such as individual points, lines (infinite uncountable
Intersection_(set_theory)
AI research laboratory
learning, discovered a more efficient way of coding a sorting algorithm and a hashing algorithm. The new sorting algorithm was 70% faster for shorter sequences
Google_DeepMind
memory to reduce video memory usage and loading time. Spatial hashing A form of hashing to accelerate spatial testing e.g. for AI, collision detection
Glossary_of_computer_graphics
Number whose square is a given number
function that maps the set of nonnegative real numbers onto itself. In geometrical terms, the square root function maps the area of a square to its side
Square_root
Intersection graph of unit disks in the plane
In geometric graph theory, a unit disk graph is the intersection graph of a family of unit disks in the Euclidean plane. That is, it is a graph with one
Unit_disk_graph
Video game publisher
announced the formation of an internal game development studio headed by Chelsea Hash. Its first game, Blade Runner 2033: Labyrinth, was announced in 2023. In
Annapurna_Interactive
Geometric sans-serif typeface by Google
Product Sans is a geometric sans-serif typeface created by Google for branding purposes. It replaced the old Google logo on September 1, 2015. As Google's
Product_Sans
Number divisible only by 1 and itself
frequently used for hash tables. For instance the original method of Carter and Wegman for universal hashing was based on computing hash functions by choosing
Prime_number
Problem in computational complexity theory
probability. Unfortunately, we do not have linear perfect hashing, so we have to use an almost linear hash function, i.e. a function h such that: h ( x + y )
3SUM
Algorithm that employs a degree of randomness as part of its logic or procedure
by the algorithm, such as the pairwise independence used in universal hashing the use of expander graphs (or dispersers in general) to amplify a limited
Randomized_algorithm
Variant of nearest neighbor search
is possible to construct indifference graphs and unit disk graphs from geometric data in linear time. Modern parallel methods for GPU are able to efficiently
Fixed-radius_near_neighbors
Abstract data type
Klawe, Maria M.; Moran, Shlomo; Shor, Peter; Wilber, Robert (1987). "Geometric applications of a matrix-searching algorithm". Algorithmica. 2 (1–4):
Stack_(abstract_data_type)
Type of parallel processing
Architecture" (PDF). RE: SSE2 speed, showing how SSE2 is used to implement SHA hash algorithms Salsa20 speed; Salsa20 software, showing a stream cipher implemented
Single instruction, multiple data
Single_instruction,_multiple_data
Mathematical object
is a constant, hashing requires time O ( n log n log log n ) {\displaystyle O(n\log n\log \log n)} . They proved that the hash function family
Ideal_lattice
Matrix decomposition
Linear least squares List of Fourier-related transforms Locality-sensitive hashing Low-rank approximation Matrix decomposition Multilinear principal component
Singular_value_decomposition
Type of control chart in statistical quality control
moving average of all prior sample means. EWMA weights samples in geometrically decreasing order so that the most recent samples are weighted most highly
EWMA_chart
Non-parametric classification method
series) running a fast approximate k-NN search using locality sensitive hashing, "random projections", "sketches" or other high-dimensional similarity
K-nearest_neighbors_algorithm
Goursat's lemma Mautner's lemma (representation theory) Ping-pong lemma (geometric group theory) Schreier's subgroup lemma Schur's lemma (representation
List_of_lemmas
3D reconstruction technique
to go from coarse to fine adjustment, minimizing error by finding the geometric transformation to the desired image. This corrects imperfect camera poses
Neural_radiance_field
Computer graphics simulation of deformable objects
hierarchies (AABB trees, OBB trees, sphere trees) Grids, either uniform (using hashing for memory efficiency) or hierarchical (e.g. Octree, kd-tree) Coherence-exploiting
Soft-body_dynamics
Balanced or random resource allocation
found wide practical applications in shared-memory emulations, efficient hashing schemes, randomized load balancing of tasks on servers, and routing of
Balls_into_bins_problem
Israeli mathematician specializing in convex geometry and asymptotic geometric analysis Marcia Ascher (1935–2013), American ethnomathematician Winifred
List_of_women_in_mathematics
Well-spaced set of points in a metric space
and prune" for designing approximation algorithms for certain types of geometric optimization problems defined on sets of points in Euclidean spaces. An
Delone_set
Symbolic description of a mathematical object
using Taylor polynomials. In cryptography and hash tables, polynomials are used to compute k-independent hashing. In the former case, polynomials are evaluated
Expression_(mathematics)
Subdiscipline of chemistry
formula and sequence of bonded atoms (constitution) but differing in the geometric positioning of the atoms in space. For this reason, it is also known as
Stereochemistry
Free and open-source object relational database management system
including text and composite types) up to 1 GB in total storage size Geometric primitives IPv4 and IPv6 addresses Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
PostgreSQL
Process of extracting design information from anything artificial
combination of geometric and freeform surfaces can provide a powerful method of 3D modeling. Areas of freeform data can be combined with exact geometric surfaces
Reverse_engineering
Type of statistical measure over subsets of a dataset
Moving average crossover Moving least squares Rising moving average Rolling hash Running total Savitzky–Golay filter Window function Zero lag exponential
Moving_average
Subfield of computer science and mathematics
stated in terms of geometry. Some purely geometrical problems arise out of the study of computational geometric algorithms, and such problems are also considered
Theoretical_computer_science
2021 mobile operating system
later. Improved panoramic shooting mode on iPhone 12 and above: less geometric distortion in panoramic shots with elongated fields of view, noise and
IOS_15
Self-balancing binary search tree data structure
runs find AVL to RB ratios between 0.677 and 1.077, median at 0.947, and geometric mean 0.910. The performance of WAVL trees lies between AVL trees and red-black
Red–black_tree
Graphic representation of a molecular structure
limited descriptive power, structural formulas provide a more complete geometric representation of the molecular structure. For example, many chemical
Structural_formula
Distribution function associated with the empirical measure of a sample
Continuous data Center Mean Arithmetic Arithmetic-Geometric Contraharmonic Cubic Generalized/power Geometric Harmonic Heronian Heinz Lehmer Median Mode Dispersion
Empirical distribution function
Empirical_distribution_function
segmentation Geometric Brownian motion Geometric data analysis Geometric distribution Geometric median Geometric standard deviation Geometric stable distribution
List_of_statistics_articles
Chinese-American mathematician
Yao, A. C.; Yao, F. F. (1985), "A general approach to d-dimensional geometric queries", Proceedings of 17th Symposium on Theory of Computing (STOC 1985)
Frances_Yao
Used to count, measure, and label
errors (link) Pycior, Helena M. (1997). Symbols, Impossible Numbers, and Geometric Entanglements: British Algebra Through the Commentaries on Newton's Universal
Number
Term applied to cryptographic systems that are highly resistant to cryptanalysis
weak), greater resistance to attack. But it can also be used to describe hashing and unique identifier and filename creation algorithms. See for example
Strong_cryptography
English dish
salad of many disparate ingredients. These can be arranged in layers or geometrical designs on a plate or mixed. The ingredients are then drizzled with a
Salmagundi
Graphical representation of a user or a user's alter ego or character
the poster. Identicons are formed as visually distinct geometric images derived from a digest hash of the poster's IP address or user ID. These serve as
Avatar_(computing)
Scheme for controlling errors in data over noisy communication channels
Takeshita, Oscar (2006). "Permutation Polynomial Interleavers: An Algebraic-Geometric Perspective". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 53 (6): 2116–2132
Error_correction_code
Sequentially looking in an array
arranged in order of decreasing probability, and these probabilities are geometrically distributed, the cost of linear search is only O(1). In general, if
Linear_search
Sequence of operations for a task
learning system based on AlphaZero that discovered improved sorting and hashing algorithms. In a paper published in Nature, AlphaDev was reported to have
Algorithm
American operations manager
Mathematics of Operations Research. pp. 183–198. Woodruff, D.; E. Zemel (1993). Hashing Vectors for Tabu Search. Vol. 41. Annals of O.R. pp. 123–137. Zemel, E
Eitan_Zemel
jfranklin.2011.05.001. Mao, Yaobin; Chen, Guanrong (2005-01-01). Handbook of Geometric Computing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 231–265. doi:10.1007/3-540-28247-5_8
Chaotic_cryptology
Chinese science award
state-resolved reaction dynamics studies, revealing quantum resonances and geometric phase effects in chemical reactions." Jie Zhang Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Future_Science_Prize
Software development kit for building augmented reality applications
of flat surfaces - both vertical and horizontal - with feature points. Geometric plane can be calculated based on detected feature points. A scene semantics
ARCore
Cryptocurrency
Archived from the original on December 13, 2021. Retrieved May 10, 2021. Geometric Energy press release. "SpaceX to Launch DOGE-1 to the Moon!". www.newswire
Dogecoin
Problem of determining if a Boolean formula could be made true
below the satisfiability threshold, the solution space also undergoes a geometric phase transition, namely that it shatters into exponentially many, well-separated
Boolean satisfiability problem
Boolean_satisfiability_problem
Abstract data type in computer science
Graphs and their data structures". LEDA: A platform for combinatorial and geometric computing (PDF). Cambridge University Press. pp. 240–282. Cormen et al
Graph_(abstract_data_type)
Subfield of computational complexity theory
a problem to smaller instances of itself; the 3-SUM self-reduction via hashing is vital for worst-case-to-average-case results. On the algorithm side
Fine_grained_complexity
Network that allows computers to share resources and communicate with each other
underlying network. Another example of an overlay network is a distributed hash table, which maps keys to nodes in the network. In this case, the underlying
Computer_network
Company of instrumental musicians
within schools with developments such as Precision Drill, a disciplined geometric march, based in part on military-style drill. Precision, or military,
Marching_band
Uhlenbeck (born August 24, 1942), mathematician and a founder of modern geometric analysis Sim Van der Ryn, architect, researcher, educator Henry Van Dyke
List of University of Michigan alumni
List_of_University_of_Michigan_alumni
was first introduced by K. N. Chandler in 1952. Ladder height process MinHash Ahsanullah, Mohammad; Nevzorov, Valery B. (2011). "Record Statistics". International
Record_value
Transistor that uses both electrons and holes as charge carriers
Zener diode Resonant-tunneling diode (RTD) Photoreflector Backward diode Geometric diode Lr-diode Chua's diode BARITT diode Stabistor Phosphorescent organic
Bipolar_junction_transistor
Code that represents a geographic entity (location or object)
geocode system is a hash function, and, an important class of utilitarian geocode systems is described as a locality-preserving hashing function. There are
Geocode
Cognitive system for temporarily holding information
the sensory cortex to encode and store certain visual stimuli, such as geometric shapes (inferior occipital gyrus) and faces (fusiform gyrus). Working
Working_memory
2011 edition of the C++ programming language standard
uniform_real_distribution, bernoulli_distribution, binomial_distribution, geometric_distribution, negative_binomial_distribution, poisson_distribution,
C++11
Capital city of Malaysia
tournament is held in Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur is also the birthplace of Hashing, which began in December 1938 when a group of British colonial officers
Kuala_Lumpur
analysis should be done to justify the overhead. The analysis is similar to a hash table. The worst-case scenario is that all candidates are concentrated in
Bin_(computational_geometry)
Hallucinogenic class of psychoactive drug
intense colors that they have not previously experienced, and repetitive geometric shapes or form constants are common as well. Higher doses often cause
Psychedelic_drug
has suggests that, with some exceptions, painting was mainly used for geometrical and plant-based decorative schemes, though most sculptures were also
Art_of_Mesopotamia
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