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In probability theory, the g-expectation is a nonlinear expectation based on a backwards stochastic differential equation (BSDE) originally developed by
G-expectation
Average value of a random variable
In probability theory, the expected value (also called expectation, mean, or first moment) is a generalization of the weighted average. Provided that
Expected_value
Iterative method for finding maximum likelihood estimates in statistical models
In statistics, an expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm is an iterative method to find (local) maximum likelihood or maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates
Expectation–maximization algorithm
Expectation–maximization_algorithm
In probability theory, a nonlinear expectation is a nonlinear generalization of the expectation. Nonlinear expectations are useful in utility theory as
Nonlinear_expectation
Type of operator expectation value
theory, the vacuum expectation value (VEV) of an operator is its average or expectation value in the vacuum. The vacuum expectation value of an operator
Vacuum_expectation_value
Expected value of a random variable given that certain conditions are known to occur
In probability theory, the conditional expectation, conditional expected value, or conditional mean of a random variable is its expected value evaluated
Conditional_expectation
U.S. legal test regarding privacy
In United States constitutional law, reasonable expectation of privacy is a legal test which is crucial in defining the scope of the applicability of
Reasonable expectation of privacy
Reasonable_expectation_of_privacy
2010 single by Tame Impala
"Expectation" is a song by Tame Impala, released as a single in 2010. It was recorded during the sessions for the Innerspeaker album in 2009, and released
Expectation_(song)
Proposition in probability theory
of total expectation, the law of iterated expectations (LIE), Adam's law, the tower rule, and the smoothing property of conditional expectation, among other
Law_of_total_expectation
Legal doctrine regarding provided rights and services
The doctrine of legitimate expectation was first developed in English law as a ground of judicial review in administrative law to protect a procedural
Legitimate_expectation
Damages recoverable from a breached contract
Expectation damages are damages recoverable from a breach of contract by the non-breaching party. An award of expectation damages protects the injured
Expectation_damages
Sports formula
Pythagorean expectation is a sports analytics formula devised by Bill James to estimate the percentage of games a baseball team "should" have won based
Pythagorean_expectation
Theory in economics and finance
construct a complete yield curve. For example, if investors have an expectation of what 1-year interest rates will be next year, the 2-year interest
Expectations_hypothesis
Wigner distribution function in physics as opposed to in signal processing
an operator's Ĝ expectation value is a "phase-space average" of the Wigner transform of that operator: ⟨ G ^ ⟩ = ∫ d x d p W ( x , p ) g ( x , p ) . {\displaystyle
Wigner quasiprobability distribution
Wigner_quasiprobability_distribution
1860–1861 novel by Charles Dickens
is never used again in the novel. In Chapter 18, when he receives his expectation from an anonymous benefactor, the first condition attached to it is "that
Great_Expectations
Measure of average lifespan in a given population
ages. In the table above, the estimated modern hunter-gatherer average expectation of life at birth of 33 years (often considered an upper-bound for Paleolithic
Life_expectancy
South Korean girl group
개최...방송부 콘셉트 '기대 UP' [공식입장] [(G)I-dle, online fan meeting held in November... Broadcasting Department Concept 'Expectation UP' [Official Position]]. Xports
I-dle
Email service provided by Google
forever; the automated background scanning of data raises the risk that the expectation of privacy in email usage will be reduced or eroded; information collected
Gmail
Chief Justice of the United States since 2005
social custom. He said the social expectation test was flawed because the Fourth Amendment protects a legitimate expectation of privacy, not social expectations
John_Roberts
Theorem in probability theory
Eve’s law, in parallel to the “Adam’s law” naming for the law of total expectation. In actuarial science (particularly in credibility theory), the two terms
Law_of_total_variance
Subadditive or superadditive integral
formulation of cumulative prospect theory. Nonlinear expectation Superadditivity Subadditivity Choquet, G. (1953). "Theory of capacities". Annales de l'Institut
Choquet_integral
Social psychological theory
Expectation states theory is a social psychological theory first proposed by Joseph Berger and his colleagues that explains how expected competence forms
Expectation_states_theory
2025 studio album by G-Dragon
conceit is “astonishing” in intent, but he also noted tension between “expectation and dissonance.” Übermensch achieved record-breaking commercial success
Übermensch_(album)
g} where E g {\displaystyle \mathbb {E} ^{g}} denotes a g-expectation. If the function g {\displaystyle g} is convex, then the corresponding risk measure
Time_consistency_(finance)
Case of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales
substantive legitimate expectation – change of policy. The first form is a person's legitimate expectation that only extends to an expectation that the individual
R. v. North and East Devon Health Authority, ex parte Coughlan
R._v._North_and_East_Devon_Health_Authority,_ex_parte_Coughlan
Chinese mathematician (born 1947)
applications in mathematical finance. A type of nonlinear expectation, called the g-expectation, was also derived from the theory of BSDEs. General theories
Peng_Shige
American actress and singer-songwriter (born 1996)
what is a truly astonishing, mesmerising performance, upending every expectation of what she could do"; in The New Yorker, Doreen St. Félix wrote, "it
Zendaya
Expected value of a quantum measurement
probable value of a measurement; indeed the expectation value may have zero probability of occurring (e.g. measurements which can only yield integer values
Expectation value (quantum mechanics)
Expectation_value_(quantum_mechanics)
Theory that attempts to blend economics and ergodic theory
traditional economic theory, framed in terms of the expectation values, changes when replacing expectation value with time averages. In particular, the programme
Ergodicity_economics
Australian child sex offender (born 1963)
loan paid above-market rent for a home owned by an investor, with the expectation that they would acquire the title after five years. The Key Result scheme
Peter_Scully
English cricketer (1848–1915)
000 runs each season from 1892 to 1894. Even so, it was against all expectation that he produced in 1895 a season that has been called his "Indian Summer"
W._G._Grace
African-American colloquial term
vs. Black People" distinguishes a "nigga", which he defined as a "low-expectation-havin' motherfucker", from a "black person". In contrast, Tupac Shakur
Nigga
Financial term
economic waves Cycle/wave name Period (years) Kitchin cycle (inventory, e.g. pork cycle) 3–5 Juglar cycle (fixed investment) 7–11 Kuznets swing (infrastructural
Grand_supercycle
Generalization of the standard Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy
generalization of the standard Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy. It is proportional to the expectation of the q-logarithm of a distribution. The concept was introduced in 1988
Tsallis_entropy
formal methods for software and hardware design is motivated by the expectation that, as in other engineering disciplines, performing appropriate mathematical
Glossary_of_computer_science
Discrete probability distribution
discrete-stable distributions. Under a Poisson distribution with the expectation of λ events in a given interval, the probability of k events in the same
Poisson_distribution
Interpretation of sensory information
memory, expectation, and attention. Sensory input is a process that transforms this low-level information to higher-level information (e.g., extracts
Perception
Sexual interest in or practice of spying on people engaged in intimate behaviors
voyeurism is criminalized in cases when it is non-consensual or violates the expectation of privacy. There is relatively little academic research regarding voyeurism
Voyeurism
Tucker Carlson Tonight with the April 21 broadcast (which ended with the expectation that it would be back the following Monday). The dismissals of Carlson
2023_in_American_television
Generalized belief about people
expectation that people might have about every person of a particular group. The type of expectation can vary; it can be, for example, an expectation
Stereotype
Species of owl
P. T. Redig, and H. B. Tordoff. 1989. Peregrine Falcon restoration: Expectation vs. reality. Loon 61:160–162. Forsman, E. D., E. C. Meslow, and H. M
Great_horned_owl
G-factor for electron with spin and orbital angular momentum
{S}}} , because the g-factors for orbital and spin part are different. However, due to the Wigner–Eckart theorem, its expectation value does effectively
Landé_g-factor
President of the United States (1885–1889; 1893–1897)
quite lately demonstrated. Federal aid in such cases encourages the expectation of paternal care on the part of the government and weakens the sturdiness
Grover_Cleveland
Techniques to train attention and awareness
intending to analyze the effects, to judge its outcomes, or to create any expectation with regard to the process. Meditation techniques are broadly classified
Meditation
Intelligence of machines
reasoning (using the Bayesian inference algorithm), learning (using the expectation–maximisation algorithm), planning (using decision networks) and perception
Artificial_intelligence
Statistical measure of the magnitude of a phenomenon
degrees of freedom. From the distribution it is possible to compute the expectation and variance of the effect sizes. In some cases large sample approximations
Effect_size
Musical symbol used to indicate the written pitches of notes
from before the 21st century, use an unaltered treble clef, with the expectation the tenors will still sing an octave lower than notated. Bass = bass
Clef
insufficiently revise one's belief when presented with new evidence. Exaggerated expectation: The tendency to expect or predict more extreme outcomes than those outcomes
List_of_cognitive_biases
Model in probability theory
is equal to the most recent value. In other words, the conditional expectation of the next value, given the past, is equal to the present value. Martingales
Martingale (probability theory)
Martingale_(probability_theory)
Term in electrical engineering
considered as a probability of involuntary load shedding; Loss of load expectation (LOLE) is the total duration of increments when the loss of load is expected
Loss_of_load
Standardised contract to buy or sell an asset at a future date
at a futures price that represents the present value of an unbiased expectation of the price of the asset at the delivery date. This relationship can
Futures_contract
Property of differential equations describing physical phenomena
ill-posed problem in a real-life situation that is solved by means of the expectation–maximization algorithm Yau, Shing-Tung; Nadis, Steve (2024). The Gravity
Well-posed_problem
Probability distribution
{\displaystyle g(k)=\int _{k}^{\infty }x\,f_{X}(x)\,dx.} Alternatively, by using the definition of conditional expectation, it can be written as g ( k ) = E
Log-normal_distribution
American social networking service
social role of passing along messages that include a hyperlink is an expectation of reciprocal linking by followers. According to research published in
X_(social_network)
Bangladeshi military general & revolutionary (1918–1984)
and advise the Mukti Bahini. An Indian diplomat told Osmani that an expectation of Indian armed intervention in April was unrealistic. From April to
M._A._G._Osmani
i.e. and e.g.?". blog.Dictionary.com. IAC Publishing. August 19, 2014. Retrieved July 8, 2017.[dead link] Brians, Paul (25 May 2016). "e.g. / i.e. | Common
List_of_Latin_phrases_(full)
it is to provide experience and training for young players, with an expectation that successful players will move to the big leagues at some point. Each
Glossary_of_baseball_terms
Ethnic cleansing of Palestinians
conquered villages. This would have been in line with Ben-Gurion's stated expectation that the "pocket" would be "empty [reik]" of Arab villagers after conquest
Nakba
Chinese singer (born 2002)
중국 출신 새 멤버 2인 공개 '기대' [SM Rookies unveils two new Chinese members 'Expectation']. TV Daily (in Korean). Archived from the original on August 30, 2021
Ningning
International radio division of the BBC
the Cold War. Western broadcasts (especially the US's RFE) incited an expectation of support that had already been decided against by President Eisenhower
BBC_World_Service
English philosopher and jurist (1748–1832)
precondition for the formation of expectations. As the hedonic calculus shows "expectation utilities" to be much higher than natural ones, it follows that Bentham
Jeremy_Bentham
Protestant Christian denomination
immortality, and the expectation of Christ's premillennial return. Among its most prominent figures were Joseph Bates, James White, and Ellen G. White. Ellen
Seventh-day_Adventist_Church
Probability theory and statistics concept
{\mathcal {G}})} is a version of the conditional expectation of the indicator function for A {\displaystyle A} : P ( A ∣ G ) = E ( 1 A ∣ G ) {\displaystyle
Conditional probability distribution
Conditional_probability_distribution
2025 American television miniseries
Lucy Mangan complimented the series for "upend[ing] just about every expectation" and for being "a feminist endeavour to its core." Mangan appreciated
Dying_for_Sex
Probability distribution
section VI.3). Wadsworth, G. P. (1960). Introduction to Probability and Random Variables. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 52. Jowett, G. H. (1963). "The Relationship
Binomial_distribution
Law of electrical current and voltage
would fail at the atomic scale, but experiments have not borne out this expectation. As of 2012, researchers have demonstrated that Ohm's law works for silicon
Ohm's_law
Investigating an unfamiliar area
Exploration is the process of exploring, an activity which has some expectation of discovery. Organised exploration is largely a human activity, but exploratory
Exploration
cultural context. There is a tradition in Hindu and Buddhist cultures of an expectation of a meaningful farewell statement; Zen monks by long custom are expected
List_of_last_words
1974 book edited by William McGuire
wrote in The New York Times, "In no way does it disappoint the large expectation it has naturally aroused," and (apart from minor reservations about some
The_Freud/Jung_Letters
2023 Indian anthology television series
soundtrack of the series was composed by Ilaiyaraaja, Yuvan Shankar Raja, G. V. Prakash Kumar and Sean Roldan. The series was released on Amazon Prime
Modern_Love_Chennai
poppy as a symbol of remembrance of the fallen in war. Contents A B C D E F G H I J–K L M N O P–Q R S T U V W X–Z References Notes External links Language
List_of_plants_with_symbolism
Probability theory term
conditional expectation is the expectation with respect to the conditional distribution. Proof: E ( I − g ( X ) ) 2 = ∫ 0 1 / 3 ( 1 − g ( 3 y ) ) 2 d
Conditioning_(probability)
Denominational renewal movement of Protestant Christianity
Wesleyan-Holiness movement, who were energized by Christian revivalism and expectation of the Second Coming of Christ. In 1900, Charles Parham, an American
Pentecostalism
Philosophical and social movement
altruists seek to identify interventions that are highly cost-effective in expectation. Many interventions have uncertain benefits, and the expected value of
Effective_altruism
Decennial census mandated by the 1948 Census of India Act
social status and it is expected that people downgrade it now in the expectation of gaining government benefits. Earlier, there was speculation that there
Census_of_India
Biblical prophet
down to the later stories of the Chasidic rabbis, reverence and love, expectation and hope were always connected in the Jewish consciousness with Elijah
Elijah
American judge
for the Senate in 1968 and had deferred that year to Gurney, with the expectation that Cramer would seek the other Senate seat in 1970 with Gurney's backing
G._Harrold_Carswell
2024 Indian film by Sukumar
"Music composer Devi Sri Prasad explains why fans will have a huge expectation for 'Pushpa 2' songs". Times of India. 28 October 2023. Retrieved 28
Pushpa_2:_The_Rule
this passage from Quintilian as evidence that there may have been an expectation for the bride to demonstrate themselves as growing more affectionate
Weddings_in_ancient_Rome
2020 video game
May 4, 2020. "Final Fantasy 7 Remake Voice Cast On Living Up To Fan Expectation". IGN. March 3, 2020. Archived from the original on April 22, 2020. Retrieved
Final_Fantasy_VII_Remake
Attitudes and behaviors towards sex in ancient Rome
impunity, it has sometimes been assumed that satisfying sex was not an expectation of Roman marriage. The jurist Ulpian noted that "it is not sexual intercourse
Sexuality_in_ancient_Rome
Abuse of members of the same household
adultery. In some parts of the world, where there is a strong social expectation for a woman to be a virgin prior to marriage, a bride may be subjected
Domestic_violence
Magazines Inc.: 91, ISSN 1065-1667 Hill, G.W. (April 2014), "The Reformation – Fatal Expectation Review by G.W. Hill", Music Street Journal (105), retrieved
List of progressive rock artists
List_of_progressive_rock_artists
Technique in statistics
regression is a non-parametric technique to estimate the conditional expectation of a random variable. The objective is to find a non-linear relation
Kernel_regression
개최…방송부 콘셉트 '기대 UP' [공식입장] [(G)I-dle, online fan meeting held in November... Broadcasting Department Concept 'Expectation UP' [Official Position]]. X-Sports
List of I-dle live performances
List_of_I-dle_live_performances
2023 film by Sam Esmail
said he hoped the film's ending would provoke conversation: "...the expectation is at the end of [traditional disaster] films, your cast of characters
Leave_the_World_Behind_(film)
Probability distribution
the average number of trials per experiment. That is what we mean by "expectation". The average number of failures per experiment is N/n − r = r/p − r
Negative binomial distribution
Negative_binomial_distribution
George Sutherland a seat on the Supreme Court, and was waiting in the expectation that another place would become vacant. Harding was also considering
Warren G. Harding Supreme Court candidates
Warren_G._Harding_Supreme_Court_candidates
2025 assassination in Orem, Utah, U.S.
videos were generally described as "graphic" or "gory", leading to an expectation among some that they should be censored, although the videos did not
Assassination_of_Charlie_Kirk
2004 film by Peter Berg
James "Boobie" Miles. The quarterback, Mike Winchell, runs under the expectation of handing off the ball to Miles on most plays. Fullback Don Billingsley
Friday_Night_Lights_(film)
Crowd control measure at stadiums
Premier League and Championship stadia, as they enable clubs that have an expectation of playing in European competition to provide accommodation for standing
Safe_standing
Men's national cricket team
although a team for an MCC tour of India was selected more in hope than expectation of the matches being played. Test cricket resumed after the war in 1946
England_cricket_team
1863 speech by Abraham Lincoln
Address is frequently referenced in popular culture, with the implicit expectation that contemporary audiences are already familiar with the words Lincoln
Gettysburg_Address
Darts tournament
display". dartsnews.com. Retrieved 15 June 2026. "Luke Humphries says 'huge expectation' made World Cup of Darts victory for England with Luke Littler more special"
2026_PDC_World_Cup_of_Darts
Austrian biologist and friar (1822–1884)
Mendel's experiments as "biased strongly in the direction of agreement with expectation [...] to give the theory the benefit of the doubt". In a 2004 article
Gregor_Mendel
Brief sexual relationship
A one-night stand is a single sexual encounter in which there is no expectation that there shall be any further relations between the sexual participants
One-night_stand
expansion of g. The left side of the above equation is an expectation value in the Hilbert space whereas the right hand side is an expectation value with
Optical_equivalence_theorem
Philosophical school of thought
According to humanists, acting only out of fear, adherence to dogma, and expectation of a reward is a selfish motivation rather than morality. Humanists point
Humanism
American businessman and lobbyist (born 1970)
"could be a really good thing or it could end up creating too great an expectation. We need to temper expectations regarding that visit." He also wrote
Hunter_Biden
Statistical transform
generating pairs of independent, standard, normally distributed (zero expectation, unit variance) random numbers, given a source of uniformly distributed
Box–Muller_transform
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