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Armed conflict ending with no peace treaty
In international relations, a frozen conflict is a situation in which active armed conflict has been brought to an end, but no peace treaty or other political
Frozen_conflict
This article provides a list of conflicts that have occurred in the territory of the former Soviet Union. In 1991, the dissolution of the Soviet Union
List of conflicts in territory of the former Soviet Union
List_of_conflicts_in_territory_of_the_former_Soviet_Union
Syrian state from 1963 to 2024
living in poverty and 80% facing food insecurity. From 2020, the conflict settled into a frozen state. Although roughly 30% of the country was controlled by
Ba'athist_Syria
Palestinian factional conflict since 2006
administrations remains unfinalized and the situation is deemed a frozen conflict. The Palestinian Independent Commission for Citizens' Rights has found
Fatah–Hamas_conflict
Ongoing frozen conflict between Moldova and Transnistria
Придністровський конфлікт, romanized: Prydnistrovskyi konflikt) is an ongoing frozen conflict between Moldova and the unrecognized state of Transnistria. Its most
Transnistria_conflict
by diplomatic irregularity Frozen conflict Casualty recording Failed state Combined estimated death tolls of each conflict since 2003 See Insurgency in
List of ongoing armed conflicts
List_of_ongoing_armed_conflicts
Fictional character from the franchise Frozen
Walt Disney Animation Studios' 53rd animated fantasy film Frozen (2013) and its sequel Frozen 2 (2019). She is voiced by Kristen Bell as an adult. At the
Anna_(Frozen)
Conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan (2020)
Lachin and Zangilan. The terms of the Bishkek agreement produced a frozen conflict, and long-standing international mediation attempts to create a peace
Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War
Fictional character from the franchise Frozen
Animation Studios' animated fantasy film Frozen (2013), and later media of the Frozen franchise, including its sequel Frozen 2 (2019). She is voiced mainly by
Elsa_(Frozen)
Partially recognised state in the South Caucasus
the war, the conflict remained frozen throughout 1990s and saw two major escalations in the 2000s: in 2004 and in 2008. The latter conflict led to the full-scale
South_Ossetia
Boundary dispute
disputes List of border conflicts (including only those that involve fighting) Fait accompli Frozen conflict Israeli–Palestinian conflict Status quo ante bellum
Territorial_dispute
Conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan
January 2024. Landgraf, Walter; Seferian, Nareg (18 January 2024). "A "Frozen Conflict" Boils Over: Nagorno-Karabakh in 2023 and Future Implications". Foreign
Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict
Unrecognized state in Eastern Europe
Transnistria, along with Abkhazia and South Ossetia, is a post-Soviet "frozen conflict" zone. These three partially recognised or unrecognised states maintain
Transnistria
Ongoing conflict between North and South Korea before and following the Korean War
periodic clashes. The conflict survived the end of the Cold War and is still ongoing. It is now considered one of the 10 frozen conflicts of the world and
Korean_conflict
2011–2024 armed conflict in Syria
Twelve years into Syria's devastating civil war, the conflict appears to have settled into a frozen state. Although roughly 30% of the country is controlled
Syrian_civil_war
Far-left political and militant group in southern Mexico
the Mexican state (although it may be described at this point as a frozen conflict). The EZLN used a strategy of civil resistance. The Zapatistas' main
Zapatista Army of National Liberation
Zapatista_Army_of_National_Liberation
2019 animated Disney film
Frozen 2 (stylized as Frozen II) is a 2019 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios. The second film in the Frozen
Frozen_2
2014–2022 war between Ukraine and Russia
changes occurred. This state of stalemate led the war to be labelled a "frozen conflict". Following months of ceasefire violations, the Ukrainian government
War_in_Donbas
Color combination of Slavic nations
Retrieved November 5, 2022. Polska Biało Granatoewo Czerwoni "Transnistria frozen conflict zone recognizes Russian tricolor as second "national" flag". Euromaidan
Pan-Slavic_colors
Country in West Asia
to challenge Assad's rule. By 2020, the Syrian civil war became a frozen conflict, and Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) consolidated the remaining rebel groups
Syria
1989–present conflict in the South Caucasus
"Georgia's South Ossetia Conflict: Make Haste Slowly" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 June 2007. "Chapter 2: Frozen conflicts". Archived from the
Georgian–Ossetian_conflict
1989–present conflict in the South Caucasus
The Abkhazia conflict is a territorial dispute over Abkhazia, a region on the eastern coast of the Black Sea in the South Caucasus, at the intersection
Abkhazia_conflict
Partially recognised state in the South Caucasus
helicopters. Abkhazia, Transnistria, and South Ossetia are post-Soviet "frozen conflict" zones. These three states maintain friendly relations with each other
Abkhazia
1950–1953 conflict on the Korean Peninsula
been signed; the Korean conflict remains a frozen conflict, which has occasionally flared, such as in the 1966–1969 DMZ Conflict. In South Korea, the war
Korean_War
American political scientist (born 1947)
objectives". He believes that the best outcome would be a volatile frozen conflict, while the worst outcome would be nuclear war, which he considered
John_Mearsheimer
engineered frozen conflicts to block the expansion of NATO or the European Union into the former Soviet sphere of influence. Conflicts are deemed "frozen" when
Peace negotiations in the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)
Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)
Region in eastern Ukraine
them stopped the violence. This led the war to be referred to as a "frozen conflict". On 11 January 2017, the Ukrainian government approved a plan to reintegrate
Donbas
during the occupation and stabilization period Non-violent revolution Frozen conflict Cod Wars "The Spanish town that was two centuries at war with Denmark"
List_of_bloodless_wars
Disputed territory in north-western Africa
(Extra)territoriality and the Small Print of Sovereignty in a Context of Frozen Conflict". Nationalities Papers. 48: 83–99. doi:10.1017/nps.2019.34. A number
Western_Sahara
Elections in Ukraine
Russia to use its influence to stop the elections and "to avoid a frozen conflict". Russian foreign minister Sergey Lavrov said that the election was
2014_Donbas_general_elections
Former Spanish colony and province
(Extra)territoriality and the Small Print of Sovereignty in a Context of Frozen Conflict". Nationalities Papers. 48: 83–99. doi:10.1017/nps.2019.34. A number
Spanish_Sahara
(Extra)territoriality and the Small Print of Sovereignty in a Context of Frozen Conflict". Nationalities Papers. 48: 83–99. doi:10.1017/nps.2019.34. A number
List of active national liberation movements recognized by intergovernmental organizations
List_of_active_national_liberation_movements_recognized_by_intergovernmental_organizations
Conflict between ethnic groups
An ethnic conflict is a conflict between two or more ethnic groups. While the source of the conflict may be political, social, economic or religious, the
Ethnic_conflict
irregularity Frozen conflict Uppsala Conflict Data Program Casualty recording Failed state Lists of wars in World (by date, region, type of conflict) Lists
List of armed conflicts in 2020
List_of_armed_conflicts_in_2020
end wars. Related situations (not necessarily listed below) include: Frozen conflicts, where an armistice (ceasefire) is signed or fighting comes to an end
List of wars extended by diplomatic irregularity
List_of_wars_extended_by_diplomatic_irregularity
wars by death toll List of wars of independence Exclusive mandate Frozen conflict Some historians name the 1861–1865 war the "Second American Civil War"
List of non-international armed conflicts
List_of_non-international_armed_conflicts
Proposals since the Transnistria conflict
of a frozen conflict". Le Monde diplomatique. Retrieved 10 May 2022. H. Hill, William (2014). "The OSCE and the Moldova-Transdniestria conflict: lessons
Reintegration of Transnistria into Moldova
Reintegration_of_Transnistria_into_Moldova
Acronym for "China, Russia, Iran, North Korea"
coalescence of these seven authoritarian states has had on conflicts that were previously frozen, such as Taiwan, Korea, Bosnia, and Guyana's Essequibo region
CRINK
April 2016 conflict in the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh
2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) "A frozen conflict explodes". The Economist. 9 April 2016. Archived from the original
2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
2016_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict
Military operation during the Russo-Ukrainian war
the idea of a frozen conflict, which some dubbed as "Minsk-3" alluding to the Minsk agreements, stating that any cession in the conflict would only serve
2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive
2023_Ukrainian_counteroffensive
1956 quote by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev
Peter T. Coleman; Eric C. Marcus, eds. (2011), "Culture and Conflict", The Handbook of Conflict Resolution: Theory and Practice, Wiley, p. 630, ISBN 9781118046906
We_will_bury_you
Long-term military strategy plan within a war
late 20th century the metaphor of a quagmire was often applied, and "frozen conflict" in the 21st. Such a situation may arise of various factors such as:
Military_campaign
Unrecognized state in the Caucasus
The International Politics of the Armenian-Azerbaijani Conflict: The Original “Frozen Conflict” and European Security. SpringerLink Bücher. New York:
Kurdish_Republic_of_Lachin
Azerbaijani academic
journal to be created by and for the main parties to one of the world’s “frozen conflict zones,” which is what the Caucasus certainly is. Prior to this position
Zaur_Shiriyev
Mass displacement of Armenians from Nagorno-Karabakh by Azerbaijan
for example at what has happened in Azerbaijan and Armenia. A long-frozen conflict that suddenly has been – I would not say solved – but decisively determined
Expulsion of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians
Expulsion_of_Nagorno-Karabakh_Armenians
War within a country
draws, negotiation and peace treaties, ceasefires or continue as frozen conflicts. The effectiveness of peacekeeping is widely debated, in part because
Civil_war
Country in Eastern Europe and North Asia
pro-Russian separatists waging a war against the Ukrainian government. The frozen conflict escalated into a full-scale Russian invasion of the remainder of Ukraine
Russia
Overview of the background of the war
Georgia constructed a Kulevi oil terminal in 2007. Russia leveraged the "frozen conflict" scheme in Georgia by establishing purely pro-Russian areas that can
Background of the Russo-Georgian War
Background_of_the_Russo-Georgian_War
Ethnolinguistic region in the Caucasus
Stiftung. Markedonov, Sergey (2015), "The South Ossetia conflict", in Bebler, Anton (ed.), 'Frozen conflicts' in Europe (1st ed.), Verlag Barbara Budrich, pp
Ossetia
Type of territory defined by the United Nations Charter
(Extra)territoriality and the Small Print of Sovereignty in a Context of Frozen Conflict". Nationalities Papers. 48: 83–99. doi:10.1017/nps.2019.34. A number
United Nations list of non-self-governing territories
United_Nations_list_of_non-self-governing_territories
Nation that has great political, social, and economic influence on a global scale
2016. Published on 18 April 2016. Why Russia-Ukraine War May End In A Frozen Conflict & Why US Should Focus On China: John Mearsheimer, Crux video, 2023
Great_power
1989 deaths of Romanian leader and his wife
of the Soviet Union 1991 August Coup Dissolution of Czechoslovakia Frozen conflicts Abkhazia China–Taiwan Korea Kosovo South Ossetia Transnistria Sino-Indian
Trial and execution of Nicolae and Elena Ceaușescu
Trial_and_execution_of_Nicolae_and_Elena_Ceaușescu
Archived from the original on 16 July 2014. De Waal et al, Beyond Frozen Conflict, chapter 6. South Ossetia Today Ossetian Question 1994, pp. 153–161
Ossetians_in_Georgia
Historical region in Shida Kartli, Georgia
Thomas; Twickel, Nikolaus von (2020). Emerson, Michael (ed.). Beyond frozen conflict: scenarios for the separatist disputes of eastern europe. Centre for
Samachablo
Countries of the former Soviet Union
Moscow, third Rome Primakov doctrine Russian imperialism Russian world Frozen conflict Limitrophe states Near abroad New Union Treaty Operation Provide Hope
Post-Soviet_states
Aspect of American foreign policy
diplomacy, one that was at the heart of America’s prosecution of the frozen conflict. Post-Cold War- Post-1991, American military aid is still provided
United_States_military_aid
Overview of and topical guide to war
of conflicts in Asia List of conflicts in the Middle East List of conflicts in Africa List of border wars List of civil wars List of frozen conflicts List
Outline_of_war
Ghost town in Spain, Western Sahara
(Extra)territoriality and the Small Print of Sovereignty in a Context of Frozen Conflict". Nationalities Papers. 48: 83–99. doi:10.1017/nps.2019.34. A number
La_Güera
Disputed Russian republic in eastern Ukraine
urged Russia to use its influence to stop the election "to avoid a frozen conflict". Russia on the other hand indicated it "will of course recognise the
Luhansk_People's_Republic
Calendar year
in January, and it engaged in heightened conflict with the Shan State Army (RCSS) in April. The frozen conflict between Azerbaijan and the breakaway Nagorno-Karabakh
2005
was frequently framed outside Ukraine as a distant, localised or “frozen” conflict. The literature of the period often challenged that framing indirectly
Russo-Ukrainian war in fiction
Russo-Ukrainian_war_in_fiction
Prime Minister of Ethiopia since 2018
boundary commission's ruling awarding Badme to Eritrea, resulting in a frozen conflict (popularly termed a policy of "no war, but no peace") between the two
Abiy_Ahmed
Opposition, hatred and bias toward Eritrea
Both engaged frozen conflict and skirmishes roughly in 20 years until Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed signed joint declaration to end border conflict on 9 July
Anti-Eritrean_sentiment
United Nations resolution adopted in 1951
signed; and the Korean conflict remains a frozen conflict, which has occasionally flared, such as in the 1966–1969 DMZ Conflict. Korean War United Nations
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 498 (V)
United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_498_(V)
Formal act by which one state announces war against another
declare war with no pre-conditions. Ongoing wars (mostly undeclared) Frozen conflict List of wars extended by diplomatic irregularity Letter of protest
Declaration_of_war
Iranian assets held abroad, frozen by the U.S.
Iranian frozen assets in international accounts, which were frozen following the imposition of sanctions that began in 1979, are calculated to be worth
Iranian_frozen_assets
Large-scale offensive by Armenian forces
The International Politics of the Armenian-Azerbaijani Conflict: The Original "Frozen Conflict" and European Security. Palgrave Macmillan US. ISBN 978-1-137-60004-2
Terter_operation
British journalist (born 1966)
Genocide. Oxford University Press. 2015. ISBN 978-0199350698. Beyond Frozen Conflict: Scenarios for the Separatist Disputes of Eastern Europe. Center for
Thomas_de_Waal
Prejudice, discrimination and hostility against Ethiopia, its people and government
Agreement in 2000, the two countries entered a prolonged stalemate and frozen conflict. In 2018, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki
Anti-Ethiopian_sentiment
Sahrawi human rights activist (born 1989)
2024. Betteridge-Moes, Maxine (1 February 2023). "Western Sahara's 'frozen conflict' heats up, but world's attention elsewhere". The New Humanitarian.
Najla_Mohamed-Lamin
Border that enables free movement of people between jurisdictions
Retrieved 7 June 2024. "Ukraine war opens door for Moldova to end its frozen conflict". ft.com. Financial Times. Retrieved 7 June 2024. "Algeria closes airspace
Open_border
Bilateral summit
still occupied most of the disputed land as of 2017. The result was a frozen conflict state of "no war, no peace" and prolonged tensions between the two
2018_Eritrea–Ethiopia_summit
Unsuccessful 1986 Soviet-American diplomatic summit
of the Soviet Union 1991 August Coup Dissolution of Czechoslovakia Frozen conflicts Abkhazia China–Taiwan Korea Kosovo South Ossetia Transnistria Sino-Indian
Reykjavík_Summit
2014 video game
attempt to portray an ongoing, undecided conflict. This means Black Sea is not equipped to simulate the "frozen conflict" that has since evolved in eastern
Combat_Mission:_Black_Sea
Part of the Russo-Ukrainian War
2025-07-02. "Conflict-related civilian casualties in Ukraine" (PDF). OHCHR. 27 January 2022. p. 3. Retrieved 27 January 2022. "From 'frozen' conflict to full-scale
Allegations of genocide in Donbas
Allegations_of_genocide_in_Donbas
Rural commune in Spain, Western Sahara
(Extra)territoriality and the Small Print of Sovereignty in a Context of Frozen Conflict". Nationalities Papers. 48: 83–99. doi:10.1017/nps.2019.34. A number
Dcheira
"Zelenskyy: Putin is a 'predator' who will not be satisfied with a 'frozen' conflict". Euronews. 16 January 2024. Archived from the original on 7 June 2024
List of international presidential trips made by Volodymyr Zelenskyy
List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy
English-Swedish photojournalist
reality of everyday life Ukrainians who live near the front line of the frozen conflict in Donbas. Her 2023 exposition "Ukraine: Photographs from the Frontline"
Anastasia_Taylor-Lind
Prime Minister of Belgium from 1999 to 2008
October 2017, Verhofstadt claimed that Northern Ireland was stuck in a "frozen conflict". He said: "There are fences 12 metres high and this is in the 21st
Guy_Verhofstadt
the Transnistria conflict". Polish Institute of International Affairs. pp. 1–3. Wolff, Stefan (2011). "A resolvable frozen conflict? Designing a settlement
Odesa_Triangle
Series of agreements to end the Donbas War
of Russian aggression and involve Western states in the logic of "frozen conflict" (Umland & Essen). In summer 2014, Ukraine launched a counter-offensive
Minsk_agreements
Ongoing armed conflict in Southeast Asia
has been in armed conflict since 1948, when the country, then known as Burma, gained independence from the United Kingdom. The conflict has largely been
Myanmar_conflict
The following is a list of events during the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2022. At least two rockets were fired towards Tel Aviv from the Gaza Strip
Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2022
Timeline_of_the_Israeli–Palestinian_conflict_in_2022
Conflict between Georgia and South Ossetia
Archived from the original on 16 July 2014. De Waal et al, Beyond Frozen Conflict, chapter 6. South Ossetia Today Ossetian Question 1994, pp. 153–161
South_Ossetia_war_(1991–1992)
in conflict Archived 2 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News (13 December 2014) Fergal Keane reports from Mariupol on Ukraine's 'frozen conflict' Archived
History_of_Ukraine
Ongoing military occupations by Russia since 1991
region pleads to join Russia". BBC. 18 March 2014. "The value of a frozen conflict". Le Monde. "Hopeful Georgia takes baby steps towards EU". Al Jazeera
Russian-occupied_territories
International system established after World War II
conspicuously imperialistic challenge to sovereignty than smaller-scale frozen conflicts and political interferences. Way says that blocs such as the European
Liberal_international_order
Diamond mined in conflict areas
also known as conflict diamonds and less commonly as hot diamonds, are diamonds mined or traded in areas affected by armed conflict and used to finance
Blood_diamond
Ukrainian politician and diplomat (born 1981)
thinkers that maybe it's worth freezing the conflict our response is you know we need frozen assets not frozen conflict. This is the way forward: to send a clear
Dmytro_Kuleba
South Ossetian military officer and politician
representative to the discussions on a non-violent resolution to the frozen conflict, as well as for discussions on refugees and missing persons. Sanakoev
David_Sanakoev
1988–1996 conflicts in the Caucasus
2025. Markedonov, Sergey (2015). "The South Ossetia conflict". In Bebler, Anton (ed.). 'Frozen conflicts' in Europe. Leverkusen & Toronto: Verlag Barbara
Wars_in_the_Caucasus
Response of Hungary to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
than the Ukrainians. But we want a just peace, not a peace based on frozen conflict.” The Ukrainian language law objected to by the Hungarian government
Hungary and the Russo-Ukrainian war
Hungary_and_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war
Era from 1945–present
support from both the US and China for their favored side; it became a frozen conflict instead. Japan was given a new constitution foreswearing aggressive
Contemporary_history
Series of demonstrations in Azerbaijan in July 2020
Lachin and Zangilan. The terms of the Bishkek agreement produced a frozen conflict, and long-standing international mediation attempts to create a peace
2020_Azerbaijani_protests
relatively stable line of contact was established, although the semi-frozen conflict has continued to cost thousands of lives along the so-called grey zone
Development of the administrative divisions of Ukraine
Development_of_the_administrative_divisions_of_Ukraine
K. Frank color 14m March 15, 1951 video [46] Antarctica: Exploring the Frozen Continent (Avatar Learning); narrator: Steven Marshall color 23m 1979 Antibiotics
List of Encyclopædia Britannica Films titles
List_of_Encyclopædia_Britannica_Films_titles
1992 battle of the Georgian-Abkhazian War
(2015). ""Frozen conflicts" in Europe". www.jstor.org. Ekedahl & Goodman 2001, p. 267. Verlag Barbara Budrich (2015). ""Frozen conflicts" in Europe". www
Battle of Gagra (October 1992)
Battle_of_Gagra_(October_1992)
2011 British nature documentary series
Frozen Planet is a 2011 British nature documentary series. It was produced as a co-production between the BBC Natural History Unit, Discovery Channel,
Frozen_Planet
Bilateral relations
"The European Union, Russia, and the Future of the Transnistrian Frozen Conflict". East European Politics & Societies. 26 (1): 135–161. doi:10.1177/0888325411404885
Moldova–Transnistria relations
Moldova–Transnistria_relations
Israeli–Palestinian conflict lists events from 1948 to the present. The Israeli–Palestinian conflict emerged from intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine
Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Timeline_of_the_Israeli–Palestinian_conflict
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