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East Timorese political party and former resistance movement
(Portuguese: Frente Revolucionária do Timor-Leste Independente, abbreviated as Fretilin) is a centre-left political party and former national liberation movement
Fretilin
1975–79 military operation
anti-communism to overthrow the Fretilin government that had emerged in 1974. The overthrow of the popular and short-lived Fretilin-led government sparked a
Indonesian invasion of East Timor
Indonesian_invasion_of_East_Timor
1975 civil war
and the left-leaning Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor (Fretilin). The war took place within the context of decolonisation, as the post–Carnation
East_Timorese_civil_war
Country in Southeast Asia
2012. Francisco Guterres of the centre-left Fretilin party became president in May 2017. The leader of Fretilin, Mari Alkatiri, formed a coalition government
Timor-Leste
Short-lived unilaterally proclaimed state
Fretilin, which supported independence; and Apodeti, which supported integration into Indonesia. In local elections held on 13 March 1975, Fretilin and
Democratic Republic of East Timor (1975)
Democratic_Republic_of_East_Timor_(1975)
1975–1999 military occupation
future uncertain. After a small-scale civil war, the pro-independence Fretilin declared victory in the capital city of Dili and declared an independent
Indonesian occupation of East Timor
Indonesian_occupation_of_East_Timor
Prime Minister of Timor-Leste (2007–2015; since 2023)
given the position of Press Secretary within the Fretilin organisation. On 28 November 1975, Fretilin declared the independence of Portuguese Timor as
Xanana_Gusmão
1978 Military operations on Timor Leste
launched by Indonesia with the objective of capturing several top leaders of Fretilin and attacking the group's main base on Mount Matebian. The operation is
Operation_Cahaya
East Timor pro-independence armed force
as the military wing of the Fretilin party of East Timor. It was established on 20 August 1975 in response to Fretilin's political conflict with the Timorese
Falintil
Head of government
served as the 6th prime minister from 2007 to 2015. Political parties Fretilin National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction (CNRT) People's Liberation
Prime_Minister_of_Timor-Leste
Armanda Berta dos Santos of KHUNTO and Rui Maria de Araújo, a member of Fretilin, have announced their intention to stand in the election. In the 2022 presidential
2027 East Timorese presidential election
2027_East_Timorese_presidential_election
1975 flag and the Fretilin flag were displayed. The very similarity of the two flags was recognised in respect for the merits of Fretilin in the struggle
Flag_of_Timor-Leste
President of East Timor from 2017 to 2022
member of Fretilin, he also served as the first president of the National Parliament of East Timor from 2002 to 2007. Guterres stood for Fretilin in the
Francisco_Guterres
East Timorese political party founded in 2007
party won 24.10% of the vote in the 2007 election, placing second behind FRETILIN, which won 29%. Based on the results, the CNRT would have 18 seats in parliament
National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction
National_Congress_for_Timorese_Reconstruction
20th century genocide of the Timorese
support of the American Government, which saw FRETILIN as a Marxist organization. Framed as a response to Fretilin's proclamation of sovereign rule, Indonesia's
East_Timor_genocide
conditions of destabilization, propaganda and military pressure from Indonesia, Fretilin finally proclaimed the independence of the Democratic Republic of East
Proclamation of Independence Day (Timor-Leste)
Proclamation_of_Independence_Day_(Timor-Leste)
Legislature of Timor-Leste
are from Alliance for Change and Progress (CNRT–PLP–KHUNTO), 23 are from Fretilin, 5 are from the Democratic Party (PD), and 3 are from Democratic Development
National Parliament of Timor-Leste
National_Parliament_of_Timor-Leste
governing coalition going into the election was a four-party government of Fretilin, the People's Liberation Party (PLP), Kmanek Haburas Unidade Nasional Timor
2023 East Timorese parliamentary election
2023_East_Timorese_parliamentary_election
Head of state
legislation, and is the supreme commander of the military. Political parties Fretilin National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction (CNRT) Democratic Party
President_of_Timor-Leste
President of East Timor (2007–2012; since 2022)
solution to the conflict in East Timor". As a founder and former member of Fretilin, Ramos-Horta served as the exiled spokesman for the East Timorese resistance
José_Ramos-Horta
Parliamentary elections were held in Timor-Leste on 22 July 2017. Fretilin narrowly emerged as the largest party in the National Parliament, winning 23
2017 East Timorese parliamentary election
2017_East_Timorese_parliamentary_election
1702–1975/2002 Portuguese colony in Southeast Asia
buildings in Dili and began to arrest members of Fretilin. While hundreds were arrested, most of the Fretilin leadership escaped south to Aileu. While there
Portuguese_Timor
Conservative political party in Timor-Leste
the more left-wing Frente Revolucionaria de Timor-Leste Independente (Fretilin) to work towards gradual independence in January 1975. Initially, the party's
Timorese_Democratic_Union
Pro-Indonesian puppet government (1975–76)
Portugal, Fretilin which supported independence and Apodeti who supported integration into Indonesia. In local elections held on 13 March 1975, Fretilin and
Provisional Government of East Timor
Provisional_Government_of_East_Timor
Independence of Timor-Leste from Indonesia in 2002
conditions of destabilization, propaganda and military pressure from Indonesia, Fretilin finally proclaimed the independence of the Democratic Republic of East
Timor-Leste_independence
East Timorese politician
roles, including as the country's prosecutor general. She is a member of FRETILIN. Ana Pessoa was active in the Timor-Leste independence campaign while studying
Ana_Pessoa_Pinto
independence, and triggered a civil war between FRETILIN and the União Democrática Timorense (UDT). FRETILIN eventually won a three-week civil war. Supporters
Operation_Flamboyan
Calendar year
election is held, with the National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction and Fretilin parties receiving the most votes. Xanana Gusmão is elected Prime Minister
2023
parliament for the next five years. Although a narrow plurality was achieved by Fretilin, a coalition involving the next three largest groups formed a government
2007 East Timorese parliamentary election
2007_East_Timorese_parliamentary_election
East Timorese cabinet led by Nicolau dos Reis Lobato
Tetum: Konsellu Ministrus) was the council of ministers formed by the Fretilin political party in 1975 as the inaugural administration or cabinet of the
1975 Council of Ministers of East Timor
1975_Council_of_Ministers_of_East_Timor
run for re-election. The result was a victory for Francisco Guterres of FRETILIN. The President of East Timor is elected using the two-round system. If
2017 East Timorese presidential election
2017_East_Timorese_presidential_election
East Timorese politician (1946–1978)
the Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor (abbreviated as Fretilin). In 1978 he was killed by the Indonesian special forces during the Indonesian
Nicolau_Lobato
National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction (CNRT), and Guterres by Fretilin. With no single candidate in the first round getting over 50% of the vote
2022 East Timorese presidential election
2022_East_Timorese_presidential_election
East Timorese revolutionary and women's rights activist
politics. Returning to Timor in late 1974, she was a founding member of Fretilin and served on the party's central committee. Known for her intensity and
Rosa_Bonaparte
a coup, which Fretilin resisted with the help of the local Portuguese military. With the UDT leaders fleeing into Indonesia, Fretilin made a unilateral
Australia and the Indonesian occupation of East Timor
Australia_and_the_Indonesian_occupation_of_East_Timor
Aceh Movement, Free Papua Movement, National Patriotic Front of Liberia, Fretilin, Kanak and Socialist National Liberation Front, Republic of South Maluku
Libya and state-sponsored terrorism
Libya_and_state-sponsored_terrorism
Timorese general (born 1955)
became a member of the Fretilin during the Indonesian invasion of East Timor and later served under various positions within the Fretilin chain of command and
Falur_Rate_Laek
Overview of East Timorese history
political parties, the left-wing Fretilin and the right-wing UDT, broke out in 1975 as UDT attempted a coup which Fretilin resisted with the help of local
History_of_Timor-Leste
Island in Indonesia and Timor-Leste
withdraw from Timor. The subsequent internal unrest and fear of the communist Fretilin party led to an invasion by Indonesia, who opposed the concept of an independent
Timor
East Timorese politician (1937–2012)
politician. A founder of the Frente Revolucionária de Timor Leste Independente (Fretilin), Amaral was sworn in as the first President of East Timor when the country
Francisco_Xavier_do_Amaral
Former province of Indonesia
integration with Indonesia. Tensions between Fretilin and UDT escalated into a civil war in August 1975, with Fretilin emerging victorious and gaining control
East_Timor_(province)
parties, Fretilin claimed victory in the said election saying that they "picked up 56% of positions with another 10% of positions being taken by FRETILIN and
2009 East Timorese local elections
2009_East_Timorese_local_elections
Political party in Timor-Leste
of the party's founders was to offer voters a moderate alternative to Fretilin and UDT. In 2002, the party had 8,000 members. Since then, the PSD has
Social Democratic Party (Timor-Leste)
Social_Democratic_Party_(Timor-Leste)
Military and political organisation in Western Sahara
world non-aligned countries have supported the Polisario Front. Ties with Fretilin of East Timor (occupied by Indonesia in 1975) were exceptionally strong
Polisario_Front
Bilateral relations
providing financial and military aid to Indonesia. The victory of left-wing Fretilin in a civil war in East Timor caused alarm in Indonesia, which feared a
Indonesia–United States relations
Indonesia–United_States_relations
Prime Minister of East Timor (2002–2006; 2017–2018)
from September 2017 until May 2018. He is the Secretary-General of the Fretilin party and was the former President of the Special Administrative Region
Mari_Alkatiri
East Timorese politician
signed the terms of the formation of the Nationalist Convergence with Fretilin, an important and necessary step in defense of the right to the self-determination
Moisés_da_Costa_Amaral
In the 2017 parliamentary elections there was no clear winner, with the Fretilin party of Mari Alkatiri holding only one more seat than the National Congress
2018 East Timorese parliamentary election
2018_East_Timorese_parliamentary_election
Conflict over discrimination within the military
then president Xanana Gusmao, who wanted to replace prime minister and Fretilin leader Mari Alkatiri. On 24 April, the former soldiers and their civilian
2006_crisis_in_Timor-Leste
Australian journalist
time of East's arrival, East Timor was under the de facto government of Fretilin, a left-wing political party. The Portuguese governor had fled to the island
Roger_East_(journalist)
Former East Timorese political alliance
a grand coalition between FRETILIN and CNRT failed and the KHUNTO withdrew from the desired governing coalition of FRETILIN, PD and KHUNTO at the last
Alliance for Change and Progress
Alliance_for_Change_and_Progress
Political party in East Timor
within FRETILIN named FRETILIN Mudança, seeking to reform the party from within. In April 2006 the group attempted to remove Marí Alkatiri as FRETILIN general
Frenti-Mudança
1988–2001 East Timorese anti-occupation organisation
occupation of East Timor that lasted from 1975 to 1999. In March 1986, FRETILIN and the UDT announced the formation of a coalition. In a re-organisation
National Council of Timorese Resistance
National_Council_of_Timorese_Resistance
local elections on October 9, 2009, passed off without major incidents. Fretilin, the country's largest party, was in opposition to the five-party government
2012 East Timorese parliamentary election
2012_East_Timorese_parliamentary_election
East Timorese politician and diplomat (born 1975)
1975) is an East Timorese politician and diplomat, and a member of the Fretilin political party. From June 2020 to July 2023, she was the Minister of Foreign
Adaljiza_Magno
after the 1999 East Timorese crisis. This election is also seen as a test FRETILIN's ability to take back control in the parliamentary election later in the
2012 East Timorese presidential election
2012_East_Timorese_presidential_election
Timorese freedom fighter Isabel Barreto
and member of Fretilin who was active in the movement for independence from Portugal. Barreto Lobato was a leading member of the Fretilin Women's Association
Isabel_Barreto_Lobato
East Timorese politician
Oecussi-Ambeno) is an East Timorese politician and the vice-president of Fretilin, a post to which he was elected by the party's Central Committee in July
Arsénio_Bano
remaining two candidates, incumbent Prime Minister José Ramos-Horta and FRETILIN President Francisco Guterres, faced each other in a runoff election on
2007 East Timorese presidential election
2007_East_Timorese_presidential_election
East Timorese actor
lived through some of the events depicted in that film, his father was a Fretilin resistance member who disappeared after being arrested in 1978. He later
Alex_Tilman
Topics referred to by the same term
party formed in 1985 Partido Marxista–Leninista Fretilin, a name used by the East Timorese party Fretilin between 1981 and 1984 This disambiguation page
PMLF
were elected by proportional representation. The result was a victory for Fretilin, which won 55 of the 88 seats. Voter turnout was 93%. Following the election
2001 East Timorese parliamentary election
2001_East_Timorese_parliamentary_election
East Timorese politician
February 1979) was an East Timorese politician. He was a member of the a Fretilin independence movement. Carvarino was of mixed Timor-African descent. He
António_Duarte_Carvarino
East Timorese politician
9 September 1958) is an East Timorese politician, and a member of the Fretilin political party. Between September 2017 and June 2018, she was the Minister
Florentina_Martins_Smith
Region in East Timor
for example, the front between Fretilin and UDT cut across regions and ethnic groups. However, as early as 1975, Fretilin politician Mau Lear warned of
Loro_Sae
1991 massacre in Indonesian-occupied East Timor
Jolliffe, an Australian journalist who it regarded as supportive of the Fretilin independence movement, and Portugal subsequently cancelled the delegation
Santa_Cruz_massacre
Portuguese anarchist (1901–1977)
competed with Fretilin for political leadership. The UDT tried to take power in a coup but was defeated in the short civil war with Fretilin. The three brothers
Manuel_Viegas_Carrascalão
Political party in Timor-Leste
out of 88 seats, the second-highest representation in parliament, after Fretilin. In the April 2007 presidential election, the party's leader, Fernando
Democratic Party (Timor-Leste)
Democratic_Party_(Timor-Leste)
President of Indonesia from 1967 to 1998
authority following the Carnation Revolution, whereby the left-wing populist Fretilin (Portuguese: Frente Revolucionária de Timor-Leste Independente) emerged
Suharto
Uprising against Portuguese colonial rule in East Timor
Union. In 1975, just before the invasion, Fretilin detained some APODETI supporters and after the invasion, Fretilin leaders executed hundreds of detainees
1959_Viqueque_rebellion
Australian politician (1922–1999)
Timor with Labor MPs Ken Fry and Arthur Gietzelt, where they met with Fretilin leaders including José Ramos-Horta. He subsequently criticised Gough Whitlam
Neville_Bonner
4th Prime Minister of East Timor
politician and a key member of Fretilin. He was acting Prime Minister from May 2007 to August 2007. A member of Fretilin since 1974, Da Silva served on
Estanislau_da_Silva
by Fretilin in 1977 led to Gusmão's repudiation of the party in the 1980s and his decision to remove Falintil, the guerrilla movement, from Fretilin control
Politics_of_Timor-Leste
East Timorese government minister
Title Government (Prime Minister) Term start Term end Term in office 1 Fretilin Eduardo Carlos dos Anjos "Kaku'uk" [de] Minister of Public Works, Transport
Minister of Public Works (Timor-Leste)
Minister_of_Public_Works_(Timor-Leste)
East Timorese politician and diplomat (born 1954)
take over the leadership of Fretilin from Mari Alkatiri, the party's Secretary-General, but Alkatiri prevailed at a Fretilin national congress. Guterres
José_Luís_Guterres
Town in Manufahi, Timor-Leste
remain, was destroyed during the occupation. During the civil war between FRETILIN and UDT in the last days of Portuguese colonial rule, on 11 August 1975
Same,_Timor-Leste
East Timor Political Party
representative of the workers and an alternative to the supposedly communist Fretilin. At its founding, the party consisted of only ten members, it remained
Timorese_Labour_Party
UN / East Timorese cabinet led by Mari Alkatiri
Administrator Sérgio Vieira de Mello Chief Minister Mari Alkatiri Member parties Fretilin–PD Status in legislature Majority 62 / 88 (70%) History Predecessor I UNTAET
II UNTAET Transitional Government of East Timor
II_UNTAET_Transitional_Government_of_East_Timor
Ethnic group
East Timorese refugees in 1975, primarily those of Portuguese descent. Fretilin was reported to have been active in Darwin during this time using high
East_Timorese_Australians
Prime minister of East Timor
its prime minister from 2015 to 2017. He is a physician and member of Fretilin. He was Minister of Health from 2001 to 2006 and Deputy Prime Minister
Rui_Maria_de_Araújo
East Timorese Catholic priest and activist (1952–2025)
take down Fretilin. A Fretilin member of parliament, Maria José da Costa [de], later said that Soares never made such statements about Fretilin in Same
Domingos_Maubere
majority. The election free and fair. Gusmão only had one challenger, former FRETILIN president Francisco Xavier do Amaral, who had been sworn in as president
2002 East Timorese presidential election
2002_East_Timorese_presidential_election
East Timorese politician and diplomat
East Timorese politician and diplomat. Initially, he was a member of the Fretilin political party, but he left that party in 2011 to join the Frenti-Mudança
Jorge_Teme
Political party in East Timor
position as an alternative between the western-oriented UDT and the left-wing FRETILIN. The colonial power Portugal did not recognize them as a party because
Association of Timorese Heroes
Association_of_Timorese_Heroes
Term meaning friend, colleague or ally, with political connotations
address within the left-leaning Fretilin party, and after the Indonesian invasion, continued to be used by the Fretilin associated guerrillas waging a
Comrade
Pro-Indonesian political party in East Timor (1974–2001)
legalization of political parties. Along with the Timorese Democratic Union and Fretilin, APODETI was founded quickly after the announcement. Party leaders believed
Timorese Popular Democratic Association
Timorese_Popular_Democratic_Association
Student-led demonstrations in Dili, Timor-Leste
you must not resort to violence." The same day, leader of the opposition Fretilin party, Aniceto Guterres Lopes, thanked the student protestors and noted
2025_Timor-Leste_protests
Timorese politician
was the former minister of defence and minister of interior belonging to Fretilin who is now the current president of the Special Administrative Region of
Rogério_Lobato
East Timorese politician and diplomat
1968) is an East Timorese politician and diplomat, and a member of the Fretilin political party. From June 2020 to July 2023, he was the Coordinating Minister
Joaquim_Amaral
Timorese general (born 1952)
held various positions in the Falintil under the Fretilin, such as the political assistant for the Fretilin, and served during Indonesian invasion of East
Lere_Anan_Timur
Timorese Reconstruction 303,477 46.56 398,028 62.10 Francisco Guterres Fretilin 144,282 22.13 242,939 37.90 Armanda Berta dos Santos Kmanek Haburas Unidade
Elections_in_Timor-Leste
Gusmão, leading to him leaving the FRETILIN and supporting various centrist coalitions. In March 1986, the UDT and FRETILIN formed an anti-occupation coalition
Anarchism_in_Timor-Leste
East Timorese politician
Lay began his political career as a member of the Fretilin party. In 2001, he was elected as a Fretilin candidate to the Constituent Assembly of East Timor
Francisco_Kalbuadi_Lay
East Timorese government minister
Government] (in Tetum). Tatoli. Retrieved 1 July 2023. Fox, James J. (2004). "FRETILIN (Frente Revolucionária do Timor-Leste Independente)". In Ooi, Keat Gin
Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation (Timor-Leste)
Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Cooperation_(Timor-Leste)
Pro-Indonesia militia leader in East Timor
1976 by Indonesian TNI forces due to their known pro-Fretilin views. Guterres later accused Fretilin of their deaths, after his allegiance to Indonesia
Eurico_Guterres
East Timorese politician and academic
1966) is an East Timorese politician and academic. He is a member of the Fretilin political party. Between 2017 and 2018, he was the Minister for State Administration
Valentim_Ximenes
East Timorese government minister
Title Government (Prime Minister) Term start Term end Term in office 1 Fretilin Ana Pessoa Pinto Minister for Internal Administration I UNTAET (Vieira
Minister of State Administration (Timor-Leste)
Minister_of_State_Administration_(Timor-Leste)
East Timorese politician
subsequent negotiations to form a new government. Initially forming a deal with Fretilin—the first-placing party in the election—and the Democratic Party, KHUNTO
Armanda_Berta_dos_Santos
East Timorese cabinet led by Mari Alkatiri
and Counselor for National Security Fretilin Rui Maria de Araújo Minister of State and Minister of Health Fretilin Estanislau da Conceição Aleixo Maria
VII Constitutional Government of Timor-Leste
VII_Constitutional_Government_of_Timor-Leste
Private vocational secondary school in Same, Manufahi, Timor-Leste
building and historic site where a massacre occurred in January 1976 when Fretilin killed around 30 political prisoners during the Indonesian invasion of
Escola Secundária Técnica-Vocacional Combatentes e Veteranos
Escola_Secundária_Técnica-Vocacional_Combatentes_e_Veteranos
FRETILIN
FRETILIN
FRETILIN
FRETILIN
FRETILIN
FRETILIN
FRETILIN
FRETILIN
FRETILIN