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Absolute distance measurement technique
Frequency scanning interferometry (FSI) is an absolute distance measurement technique, for measuring the distance between a pair of points, along a line-of-sight
Frequency scanning interferometry
Frequency_scanning_interferometry
Measurement method using interference of waves
Interferometry is a technique which uses the interference of superimposed waves to extract information. Interferometry typically uses electromagnetic waves
Interferometry
Imaging technique
media. It uses interferometry techniques to detect the amplitude and time-of-flight of reflected light. OCT uses transverse sample scanning of the light
Optical_coherence_tomography
using coherence scanning interferometry (CSI) with spectrally-broadband, "white light" illumination. Different configurations of scanning interferometer
White_light_scanner
Object detection system using radio waves
Primary Scan: A scanning technique where the main antenna aerial is moved to produce a scanning beam, examples include circular scan, sector scan, etc.
Radar
Form of radar used to create images of landscapes
to provide finer spatial resolution than conventional stationary beam-scanning radars. SAR is typically mounted on a moving platform, such as an aircraft
Synthetic-aperture_radar
Type of phased-array radar
Gripen NG) forgo this advantage in order to combine mechanical scanning with electronic scanning and provide a wider angle of total coverage. This high off-nose
Active electronically scanned array
Active_electronically_scanned_array
Measurement technique
centimeters. It is often used as an alternative name for coherence scanning interferometry in the context of areal surface topography instrumentation that
White_light_interferometry
Type of very-high-resolution microscopy
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning force microscopy (SFM) is a very-high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), with demonstrated resolution
Atomic_force_microscopy
Phenomenon resulting from the superposition of two waves
fundamental, as the beat frequency of any two tones is equivalent to the frequency of their implied fundamental frequency. Interferometry is an experimental
Wave_interference
Topics referred to by the same term
propensity to burn Fluid-structure interaction, in fluid dynamics Frequency scanning interferometry, a technique for measuring the distance between two points
FSI
Subfield of astronomy that studies celestial objects at radio frequencies
telescopes utilizing the techniques of radio interferometry and aperture synthesis. The use of interferometry allows radio astronomy to achieve high angular
Radio_astronomy
Technical design of the components of a radar and its operation
scanning, the beam of an ESA is scanned preferably by applying a progressive time delay, Δ τ {\displaystyle \Delta \tau } , constant over frequency,
Radar_engineering
Carrier Interferometry (CI) is a spread spectrum scheme designed to be used in an Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communication system
Carrier_interferometry
Form of electron microscopy
4D scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D STEM) is a subset of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) which utilizes a pixelated electron
4D scanning transmission electron microscopy
4D_scanning_transmission_electron_microscopy
also Optical coherence tomography, White light interferometry, and Coherence Scanning Interferometry) White-light scatterplate interferometer (white-light)
List of types of interferometers
List_of_types_of_interferometers
Imaging systems using changes in phase
towards biomedical applications by replacing mechanical scanning of the gratings with electronic scanning of the X-ray source. The grating-based phase-contrast
Phase-contrast_X-ray_imaging
frequency domain based on spectral shearing interferometry. Spectral shearing interferometry is similar in concept to lateral shearing interferometry
Spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction
Spectral_phase_interferometry_for_direct_electric-field_reconstruction
Method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies
uplink ATSC standards Carrier interferometry Non-orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (N-OFDM) Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) Polarization-division
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing
Instrument for sensing microscopic vibrations of a surface
measure one directional out of plane movement. Scanning vibrometers – A scanning LDV adds a set of X-Y scanning mirrors, allowing the single laser beam to
Laser_Doppler_vibrometer
Geodesy and remote sensing technique
amplitude and the absolute phase of the return signal data. In contrast, interferometry uses differential phase of the reflected radiation, either from multiple
Interferometric synthetic-aperture radar
Interferometric_synthetic-aperture_radar
Method of measuring spectral phase of ultrashort laser pulses
version Spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER) Multiphoton intrapulse interference phase scan (MIIPS), a method to
Frequency-resolved optical gating
Frequency-resolved_optical_gating
Common configuration for optical interferometry
The Michelson interferometer is a common configuration for optical interferometry and was invented by the American physicist Albert Abraham Michelson in
Michelson_interferometer
Type of radar where a known stable frequency continuous wave radio energy is transmitted
Publishing, 584 pages. Jesse Zheng (2005). Optical Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) Interferometry. Springer. ISBN 978-0387230092. "Continuous-wave
Continuous-wave_radar
Method of measuring ultrashort laser pulses
characterization of the ultrashort pulse. In Frequency-resolved optical gating, a FROG trace is collected through scanning the ultrashort pulse across the temporal
Multiphoton intrapulse interference phase scan
Multiphoton_intrapulse_interference_phase_scan
Multi-wavelength imaging method
related whisk broom scanners (spatial scanning), which read images over time, band sequential scanners (spectral scanning), which acquire images of an area
Hyperspectral_imaging
Quantum mechanical waves describing matter
the micrometre range. Using Bragg diffraction of atoms and a Ramsey interferometry technique, the de Broglie wavelength of cold sodium atoms was explicitly
Matter_wave
Optical device with parallel mirrors
determined, until this point. When the Fabry–Pérot resonator is used as a scanning interferometer, i.e., at varying resonator length (or angle of incidence)
Fabry–Pérot_interferometer
Radio astronomy observatory in New Mexico, US
relocated to a number of prepared positions, allowing aperture synthesis interferometry with up to 351 independent baselines: in essence, the array acts as
Very_Large_Array
Spectroscopy based on time- or space-domain data
Scanned Interferometer, issued Dec. 11, 1990 Liang, Q; Bisht, A; Scheck, A; Schunemann, P. G.; Ye, J (2025). "Modulated ringdown comb interferometry for
Fourier-transform spectroscopy
Fourier-transform_spectroscopy
a laser scanning fluorescence microscope Frame-dragging Fraunhofer diffraction Free-electron laser Free-space optical communication Frequency Addition
List_of_laser_articles
Turntable that plays records using laser beams
turntable Archived 26 March 2023 at the Wayback Machine Record scanning – Ofer Springer Record scanning using IRENE Archived 6 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine
Laser_turntable
Measurement of small-scale features on surfaces
Vertical scanning: Coherence scanning interferometry Confocal microscopy Focus variation Confocal chromatic aberration Horizontal scanning: Scanning laser
Surface_metrology
Imaging by sections or sectioning using a penetrative wave
X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) allows for detailed three-dimensional scanning of fossils. The construction of third-generation synchrotron sources combined
Tomography
Beam anchored at only one end
Elliott: Rapid microcantilever-thickness determination by optical interferometry, Measurement Science and Technology 25, 015202 (2014) Patrick C. Fletcher;
Cantilever
Study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases
Reflection-absorption infrared, dual polarisation interferometry, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and sum frequency generation spectroscopy can be used to probe
Surface_science
Imaging technique
Computer generated holography Digital holographic microscopy Holographic interferometry Holography Goodman, Joseph W.; Lawrence, R. W. (1967). "Digital image
Digital_holography
Medical diagnostic method
whose spectrum broadens with blood-cell motion. A detector (photodiode in scanning systems, or a camera in full-field systems) measures these fluctuations
Laser_Doppler_imaging
detectors) require high frequency stability and this usually implies long coherence length. Common detection techniques include: interferometry (homodyne or heterodyne
Laser_ultrasonics
Ways in which length, distance or range can be measured
ISBN 978-0-8194-3226-1. Jesse Zheng (2005). Optical Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) Interferometry. Springer. Bibcode:2005ofmc.book.....Z. ISBN 978-0-387-23009-2
Length_measurement
German Earth observation satellite
adjustment of the antenna, and; Other analysis such as SAR, polarization and Interferometry. Satellite radar systems came into operation over fifteen years after
TerraSAR-X
Radio telescope at Jodrell Bank Observatory, Cheshire, England
investigation into the size and nature of quasars drove the development of interferometry techniques in the 1950s; the Lovell telescope had an advantage because
Lovell_Telescope
Electric charge generated in certain solids due to mechanical stress
elements. This is useful for fine-tuning a laser's frequency. Atomic force microscopes and scanning tunneling microscopes employ converse piezoelectricity
Piezoelectricity
Study of light on the nanometer scale
nanoscale sharp tips used in near-field scanning optical microscopy (SNOM or NSOM) and photoassisted scanning tunnelling microscopy. Nanophotonics researchers
Nanophotonics
Range finding device that uses a laser beam to determine the distance to an object
laser rangefinders offer high-precision scanning abilities, with either single-face or 360-degree scanning modes. A number of algorithms have been developed
Laser_rangefinder
Laser pulse with duration a picosecond (10^-12 s) or less
interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER) is a nonlinear self-referencing technique based on spectral shearing interferometry.
Ultrashort_pulse
these surface acoustic waves can then be measured through a number of interferometry techniques. Detection is usually achieved by optical beam deflection
SRAS
Technique for patterning photomasks
Hasselbach, F. (1997). "Selected topics in charged particle interferometry". Scanning Microscopy. 11: 345–366. Wolf, Andreas J.; Hauser, Hubert; Kübler
Interference_lithography
Industrial Engineering method
"Accurate and Reproducible Results Leica LMT260 XY Scanning Stage". Leica Microsystems. ... XY Scanning Stage uses ... two linear motors to produce such
High performance positioning system
High_performance_positioning_system
Dispersive optical device
S. A.; Eldik, S.; Bhattacharya, N. (2015). "Mode-resolved frequency comb interferometry for high-accuracy long distance measurement". Scientific Reports
Virtually_imaged_phased_array
Chemical compound
lower-intensity image of the observed scene. It can also be used in holographic interferometry, in reconfigurable optical interconnections, and in laser optical phase
Zinc_telluride
Device for measuring a physical quantity
light to produce an image. Scanning acoustic microscope Scanning probe microscope Atomic force microscope (AFM) Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) Focus
List_of_measuring_instruments
ESA Earth observation satellite (2002–2012)
arboriculture, natural hazards, digital elevation modelling (using interferometry), monitoring of maritime traffic, atmospheric dispersion modelling (pollution)
Envisat
Reconstruction of a filtered signal
representation of the terahertz image. When performing image synthesis in radio interferometry, a specific kind of radio astronomy, one step consists of deconvolving
Deconvolution
Measurement of the direction from which a received signal was transmitted
beacon Geolocation Indoor positioning system MUSIC (algorithm) Phase interferometry Position fixing Radio determination Radio fix Radio location Real-time
Direction_finding
Multiple scattering low coherence interferometry (ms/LCI) is an imaging technique that relies on analyzing multiply scattered light in order to capture
Multiple scattering low coherence interferometry
Multiple_scattering_low_coherence_interferometry
Former radio telescope in Puerto Rico, United States
for a second, much smaller, antenna to be used for very long baseline interferometry, new Klystron amplifiers for the planetary radar system and student
Arecibo_Telescope
Set of imaging methods for determining soft-tissue hardness
on optical coherence tomography (OCT), which combines interferometry with lateral beam scanning for rapid 3D image acquisition and achieves spatial resolutions
Elastography
Medical diagnostic method
data often employs quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) and laser feedback interferometry, where the laser functions as both the source and the detector. This
Terahertz_tomography
microscope, e.g. scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high voltage transmittance electron microscopy (HVTEM) and high resolution scanning electron microscopy
Wafer_bond_characterization
Type of analysis technique
inspection Scanning thermal microscopy Laser testing Electronic speckle pattern interferometry Holographic interferometry Self-mixing laser interferometry Low
Nondestructive_testing
Method of retrieving sound from the picture of a record
The idea of this recovery of the sound of old records through optical scanning started in the summer of 1999 in Lugano, among the technical manager of
VisualAudio
Device using sound waves to reduce heat
which is a big disadvantage of PTRs. Particularly for scanning probe microscopy uses, PTR-based scanning tunneling microscopes (STMs) have historically difficult
Pulse_tube_refrigerator
Infrared microscopy technique
spectroscopy (TERS), scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM), nano-FTIR and other methods of vibrational analysis with scanning probe microscopy. The
Infrared Nanospectroscopy (AFM-IR)
Infrared_Nanospectroscopy_(AFM-IR)
Radio telescope in Guizhou, China
shape to use the Earth's rotation to scan the sky. Subsequent early science took place mainly in lower frequencies while the active surface is brought
Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope
Five-hundred-meter_Aperture_Spherical_Telescope
Device consisting of piezoelectric material
applied and modified for FBARs. Several new methods, such as scanning laser interferometry, are needed to visualise the functionality of the resonators
Thin-film bulk acoustic resonator
Thin-film_bulk_acoustic_resonator
Imaging method
for Talbot interferometry and refraction-enhanced imaging the image is integrated in the proper direction, and for X-ray interferometry phase unwrapping
Phase-contrast_imaging
Astronomical observatory in Los Angeles County, California, US
North America, making it ideal for astronomy and in particular for interferometry. The increasing light pollution due to the growth of greater Los Angeles
Mount_Wilson_Observatory
Optical imaging technique
principles of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and low coherence interferometry. The general principles behind SOCT arise from the large optical bandwidths
Spectroscopic optical coherence tomography
Spectroscopic_optical_coherence_tomography
Study involving matter and electromagnetic radiation
signal of atoms moving perpendicular to the laser. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy uses a scanning tunneling microscope to measure the current–voltage
Spectroscopy
Set of multiple antennas which work together
distance between the antennas. In the technique called Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) dishes on separate continents have been linked, creating "array
Antenna_array
Radio telescope array
microwave burst positions by a single dish without using interferometry or mechanical scanning. Eventually, Raytheon Company was under a contract to manufacture
Owens_Valley_Solar_Array
Form of electromagnetic radiation
wavelength ranging from 10 nanometers to 10 picometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range of 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×1016 Hz to 3×1019 Hz)
X-ray
Signal processing technique
in a transmission electron microscope. In scanning mode, compressive sensing combined with random scanning of the electron beam has enabled both faster
Compressed_sensing
second-harmonic generation SLM – single longitudinal mode SPIDER – spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction SPM – self-phase modulation
Laser_acronyms
Autocorrelation functions realized in optics
Degree of coherence Frequency-resolved optical gating Multiphoton intrapulse interference phase scan Spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field
Optical_autocorrelation
Recording to reproduce a three-dimensional light field
a wide range of other uses, including data storage, microscopy, and interferometry. In principle, it is possible to make a hologram for any type of wave
Holography
Predicting the appropriate refractive power for a prosthetic lens implant
IOL power by approximately 1 D. In A-scan ultrasound biometry, a crystal oscillates to generate a high-frequency sound wave that penetrates into the eye
Intraocular lens power calculation
Intraocular_lens_power_calculation
Way to produce very short laser bursts
indirect methods, such as autocorrelation, frequency-resolved optical gating, spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction, multiphoton
Mode_locking
Material testing procedure that makes a very small mark in a surface
indents with the nanoindenter tip. Utilizing optical fiber Fabry-Perôt interferometry, nanoindentation studies can be performed with unparalleled precision
Nanoindentation
Branch of physics that studies light
producing bright and dark fringes in regular and predictable patterns. Interferometry is the science of measuring these patterns, usually as a means of making
Optics
Subdiscipline of measurement and signature intelligence
techniques address many of the limiting factors associated with SAR interferometry, such as atmospheric induced distortions. UHF and VHF SAR have begun
Radar_MASINT
Timing of substance within a medium
In optical interferometry, the pathlength difference between sample and reference arms can be measured by ToF methods, such as frequency modulation followed
Time_of_flight
Scaling limit Scanning Acoustic Tomography Scanning SQUID microscope Scanning acoustic microscope Scanning capacitance microscopy Scanning probe microscopy
Index_of_physics_articles_(S)
Measurement of electromagnetic radiation for astronomy
frequency using military radar receivers. Radio spectroscopy started with the discovery of the 21-centimeter H I line in 1951. Radio interferometry was
Astronomical_spectroscopy
Observatory
near-space imaging, the use of KAIRA has been demonstrated for long-baseline interferometry observations of pulsars. It operates as either a stand-alone passive
KAIRA
Device that emits light via optical amplification
applications for a laser, such as optical telecommunications, spectrometry, interferometry, radar, and nuclear fusion. He continued developing the idea and filed
Laser
X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy
Polymer_characterization
Electron scattering technique for structural analyses
Möllenstedt. The development of the Field Emission Gun (FEG) in the 1970s, the Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), energy filtering devices and so
Convergent beam electron diffraction
Convergent_beam_electron_diffraction
Area of study within musical acoustics
harmonics each affect the timbre, but only the fundamental frequency is heard. The frequency of a note can be raised by the increasing the string's tension
Violin_acoustics
Medical diagnostic method
UOT beyond the acoustic diffraction limit, and 4) the use of coaxial interferometry to better enable modern high-performance cameras for parallel detection
Ultrasound-modulated optical tomography
Ultrasound-modulated_optical_tomography
Effort to find civilizations not from Earth
radical spectral lines. A 400 kilohertz band around the marker frequency was scanned using a single-channel receiver with a bandwidth of 100 hertz. He
Search for extraterrestrial intelligence
Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence
South Korean scientist (born 1965)
moving parts. Wave-particle Duality, Quantum Optics, and Frequency-comb Single-photon Interferometry: One of the most counterintuitive concepts in quantum
Cho_Minhaeng
Uses of radio and radio waves
emergency police, fire, and ambulance frequencies, as well as other two way radio frequencies such as citizens band. Scanning capabilities have also become a
Applications_of_radio
Color reproduction capability
The systems work either by scanning the entire picture a dot at a time and modulating the laser directly at high frequency, much like the electron beams
Gamut
Rydberg formula S/PDIF – Sacrificial anode – Sampling frequency – Scalar field – Scanner – Scanning electron microscope – SCART – Schematic – Schumann resonance
Index_of_electronics_articles
Device that measures magnetism
by measuring the piezoelectricity of the cantilever, or by optical interferometry off the surface of the cantilever. Faraday force magnetometry uses the
Magnetometer
Wu, Yen-Hung; Cameron, B.; Moore, J.; Fries, M. (2015-03-01). "SHERLOC: Scanning habitable environments with Raman & luminescence for organics & chemicals"
List_of_laser_types
Organised layer of amphiphilic molecules
are commonly determined using scanning probe microscopy techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). STM
Self-assembled_monolayer
Subset of language
each new instrument (e.g. scanning tunneling microscope, SQUID detector) to reflect their function. For instance, the scanning tunneling microscope (invented
Scientific_terminology
FREQUENCY SCANNING-INTERFEROMETRY
FREQUENCY SCANNING-INTERFEROMETRY
FREQUENCY SCANNING-INTERFEROMETRY
FREQUENCY SCANNING-INTERFEROMETRY
FREQUENCY SCANNING-INTERFEROMETRY
FREQUENCY SCANNING-INTERFEROMETRY
FREQUENCY SCANNING-INTERFEROMETRY
FREQUENCY SCANNING-INTERFEROMETRY
FREQUENCY SCANNING-INTERFEROMETRY