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Circuit that creates new frequencies from two signals
In electronics, a mixer or frequency mixer is a circuit that outputs signals with new frequencies from two signals input to it. In its most common application
Frequency_mixer
Signal processing technique
typical implementation, signals at frequencies f₁ and f₂ are applied to a nonlinear element such as a frequency mixer, producing components at f₁ + f₂ and
Heterodyne
harmonic mixer and subharmonic mixer are a type of frequency mixer, which is a circuit that changes one signal frequency to another. The ordinary mixer has
Harmonic_mixer
Electrical circuit detecting phase difference
A phase detector or phase comparator is a frequency mixer, analog multiplier or logic circuit that generates a signal which represents the difference
Phase_detector
Electronic device
radio frequency signals at one frequency to another frequency, especially in a superheterodyne receiver. See frequency mixer. The circuit usually consists
Frequency_changer
Frequency mixer of a superhet radio
of radio receiving valve (vacuum tube) with five grids used as the frequency mixer stage of a superheterodyne radio receiver. The pentagrid was part of
Pentagrid_converter
Type of electronic frequency mixer
type of frequency mixer. It produces output signals proportional to the product of two input signals. Such circuits are widely used for frequency conversion
Gilbert_cell
Type of electronic circuit
multiplier are those where both inputs are signals, for example in a frequency mixer or an analog circuit to implement a discrete Fourier transform. Because
Analog_multiplier
Electromagnetic frequencies ranging from 3 kHz to 300 GHz
Radio frequency (RF) is the oscillation rate of an alternating electric current or voltage or of a magnetic, electric or electromagnetic field or mechanical
Radio_frequency
Topics referred to by the same term
electrical circuit for combining signal voltages Frequency mixer, electrical circuit that creates new frequencies from two signals applied to it Mixing console
Mixer
Electromagnetic spectrum 300–3000 MHz
Ultra high frequency (UHF) is the ITU designation for radio frequencies in the range between 300 megahertz (MHz) and 3 gigahertz (GHz), also known as the
Ultra_high_frequency
Type of demodulator
the name. A product detector is a frequency mixer. Product detectors can be designed to accept either IF or RF frequency inputs. A product detector which
Product_detector
Electronic method of transmitting information with a carrier wave
phase (using another filter) to recover the instantaneous frequency. Alternatively, a complex mixer followed by a bandpass filter may be used to translate
Frequency_modulation
Device for combining signals
frequencies f1 and f2, then the output of the mixer will contain two new sinusoids that have the sum f1 + f2 frequency and the difference frequency absolute
Electronic_mixer
Shift in magnetism frequency
subject to varying frequencies of magnetic fields. The non-linearity of the superparamagnetic material acts as a frequency mixer, with voltage measured
Néel_effect
Electromagnetic wave range of 30–300 MHz
one meter. Frequencies immediately below VHF are denoted high frequency (HF), and the next higher frequencies are known as ultra high frequency (UHF). VHF
Very_high_frequency
Frequency mixing function in signal processing
ring modulation is a signal processing function, an implementation of frequency mixing, in which two signals are combined to yield an output signal. One
Ring_modulation
Unit used in signals
use of signal converters such as a digital-to-analog converter or a frequency mixer. If the dBc figure is positive, then the relative signal strength is
DBc
Receiving device on satellite dishes
LNB is a combination of low-noise amplifier, frequency mixer, local oscillator and intermediate frequency (IF) amplifier. It serves as the RF front end
Low-noise_block_downconverter
Device or series of devices that receive, then transmit (relay) a signal
frequency translator (normally composed of an oscillator and a frequency mixer) used to convert the frequency of the received signal to the frequency
Transponder (satellite communications)
Transponder_(satellite_communications)
Radio communication system implemented in software
receiver uses a variable-frequency oscillator (VFO), a mixer, and a filter to tune the desired signal to a common intermediate frequency (IF) or baseband. Typically
Software-defined_radio
Tables of radio frequencies assigned to television channels
The following tables show the frequencies assigned to analog broadcast television channels in various regions of the world, along with the ITU letter
Television channel frequencies
Television_channel_frequencies
Vacuum tube with an electron beam deflectable to one of two anodes
oscillator. Two beam deflection tubes can be combined to form a double-balanced mixer. They need extensive shielding against external magnetic fields. The ballistic
Beam_deflection_tube
Electronic control system
frequency. A mixer can translate the VCO frequency by a fixed offset. It may also be a combination of these. For example, a divider following a mixer
Phase-locked_loop
Alteration of the original shape of a signal
radio frequency applications is rarely expressed as THD. Non-flat frequency response is a form of distortion that occurs when different frequencies are
Distortion
Type of radio design
radio frequency signal is fed directly into a frequency mixer, just as in a superheterodyne receiver. However unlike the superheterodyne, the frequency of
Direct-conversion_receiver
Sinusoidal wave without any modulation
the signal's amplitude. See frequency mixers. Carrier-to-noise ratio Carrier recovery Carrier system Carrier tone Frequency-division multiplexing Sideband
Carrier_wave
Non-linear effect in amplitude modulation
chord#Analysis. IMD is also distinct from intentional modulation (such as a frequency mixer in superheterodyne receivers) where signals to be modulated are presented
Intermodulation
Process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform
digits, a bitstream from a computer. Carrier waves are necessary when the frequency of the message is too low to practically transmit. Generally, receiving
Signal_modulation
Baseband analog video signal format
source] The frequency spectrum of the modulated color signal overlaps that of the baseband signal, and separation relies on the fact that frequency components
Composite_video
Type of radio receiver
fixed intermediate frequency before amplification. The incoming signal was combined with a locally generated oscillation (LO) in a mixer stage (often called
Superheterodyne_receiver
Electrical resonant circuit
equipment, used in circuits such as oscillators, filters, tuners and frequency mixers. An LC circuit is an idealized model since it assumes there is no dissipation
LC_circuit
Electronic amplifier that varies its gain depending on a control input
VCA capability on a sound mixer was the series of MCI JH500 studio recording desks introduced in 1975. The first VCA mixer for live sound was the PM3000
Variable-gain_amplifier
Ultra high frequency radio to transmit TV
broadcasting is the use of ultra high frequency (UHF) radio for over-the-air transmission of television signals. UHF frequencies are used for both analog and digital
UHF_television_broadcasting
Color encoding system for analogue television
colour subcarrier frequency. Exact colour subcarrier frequency of PAL-M is 3.575611 MHz, or 227.25 times System M's horizontal scan frequency. Almost all other
PAL
Circuit for shortwave receivers to improve reception
loop", is a system of two oscillators, a frequency synthesizer, and two frequency mixers in the radio-frequency signal path. The system was designed by
Wadley_loop
Topics referred to by the same term
another frequency represents picture white Spectrum shifting in signal processing, see Discrete Fourier transform#Shift theorem Frequency mixer Voice inversion
Frequency_shift
System that converts an analog signal into a digital signal
band-limited high-frequency signal (see undersampling and frequency mixer). The alias is effectively the lower heterodyne of the signal frequency and sampling
Analog-to-digital_converter
Electronic method of transmitting information with a carrier wave
translated a second time, using another pair of quadrature mixers, to the desired radio-frequency. Since SSB-SC has no carrier for the receiver to reference
Single-sideband_modulation
Device that transmits and receives radio waves
elements, but also an integrated preamplifier or mixer, especially at and above microwave frequencies. Antennas are required by any radio receiver or transmitter
Antenna_(radio)
Type of amplifier that emphasizes a specific frequency in a noisy signal
Stutt in 1949. Whereas traditional lock-in amplifiers use analog frequency mixers and RC filters for the demodulation, state-of-the-art instruments have
Lock-in_amplifier
Still image frame of moving picture
Differential phase Diplexer Dipole antenna Dummy load Frequency mixer Intercarrier method Intermediate frequency Output power of an analog TV transmitter Pre-emphasis
Film_frame
Measures an aircraft's height above the terrain
thus the frequency as it was some time ago. By mixing the two in a frequency mixer, a third signal is produced that has its own unique frequency that encodes
Radar_altimeter
Model for approximating non-linear effects, similar to a Taylor series
intermodulation distortion in many devices, including power amplifiers and frequency mixers.[citation needed] Its main advantage lies in its generalizability:
Volterra_series
Television transmission technology
television in the United States included a move from very high frequency (VHF) to ultra high frequency (UHF) to open up additional spectrum.[citation needed]
Color_television
Turkish attack and armed reconnaissance helicopter
situations. These systems include a Radar Warning Receiver (RIAS), Radar Frequency Mixer (RFKS) and a Laser Receiver (LIAS) in addition to an automatic Countermeasure
TAI/AgustaWestland_T129_ATAK
Phenomenon in nonlinear optics
interfering frequencies are produced, three of which lie on one of the original incoming frequencies. Note that these three frequencies which lie at
Four-wave_mixing
Colour in an image or video
subcarrier frequency. Depending on the video standard, the chrominance subcarrier may be either quadrature-amplitude-modulated (NTSC and PAL) or frequency-modulated
Chrominance
Electronic tool for visualizing a video signal
which is encoded into the video signal as a subcarrier of specific frequencies. The vectorscope locks exclusively to the chrominance subcarrier in the
Vectorscope
Filtering circuit in TV receivers
even during monochrome transmission. In normal color reception, high frequency luminance is mistaken for color, causing relatively invisible false color
Color_killer
Device used for audio mixing
Some higher-priced mixers have a parametric equalizer or a semi-parametric equalizer for one or more of the equalizer frequency bands, often the middle
Mixing_console
Intentional frequency shift in broadcasting
In radio engineering, a frequency offset is an intentional slight shift of the broadcast radio frequency (RF), to reduce interference with other transmitters
Frequency_offset
Oscillator whose frequency can be tuned over some range
on the receiver design, the IF signal frequency is chosen to be either the sum of the two frequencies at the mixer inputs (up-conversion), f I N + f L O
Variable-frequency_oscillator
Swiss conditional access system brand
also permitted the audio signal to be modulated at 12.8 kHz using a frequency mixer. 4 currently used versions of Nagravision are in common use for digital
Nagravision
Circuit
regenerative frequency divider, also known as a Miller frequency divider, mixes the input signal with the feedback signal from the mixer. The feedback
Frequency_divider
Brightness in an image or video
bandwidth, coupled with high frequency chroma components, can cause visible errors in luminance. An example of a high frequency chroma component would be
Luma_(video)
Field of electrical engineering
active filters, additive mixers, integrators, and delay lines. Nonlinear circuits include compandors, multipliers (frequency mixers, voltage-controlled amplifiers)
Signal_processing
French analog color television system
and others use SECAM, the region has adopted a shortcut, and uses the PAL mixer-downconverter approach for both PAL and SECAM, simplifying VCR design. Many
SECAM
Family of digital video interfaces
different pieces of equipment such as recorders, monitors, PCs and vision mixers. Coaxial variants of the specification range in length but are typically
Serial_digital_interface
Electronic circuit
varactors. Regenerative varactors. Penfield. Frequency multipliers have much in common with frequency mixers, and some of the same nonlinear devices are
Frequency_multiplier
Transmission of information via microwaves
information by electromagnetic waves with wavelengths in the microwave frequency range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz (1 m - 1 mm wavelength) of the electromagnetic
Microwave_transmission
Installation used for transmitting radio frequency signals
transmission facility is an installation used for transmitting radio frequency signals for wireless communication, broadcasting, microwave link, mobile
Transmitter_station
Transmitters using intermediate frequency
the IF signal is converted to an RF signal by a stage named frequency mixer or frequency converter. Superheterodyne transmitters are more complex than
Superheterodyne_transmitter
Family of digital modulation methods
property is that the modulations are low-frequency/low-bandwidth waveforms compared to the carrier frequency, which is known as the narrowband assumption
Quadrature amplitude modulation
Quadrature_amplitude_modulation
Performance measure in radio electronics
the incoming radio frequency (RF), generating sum and difference frequencies. One of these will be at the intermediate frequency (IF), and will be selected
Image_response
Specific figure of merit in electronics
accomplished by using two test frequencies that fall within the first intermediate frequency mixer passband. Usually, the test frequencies are about 20–30 kHz apart
Third-order_intercept_point
Electronic device that alters audio
list of non-electronic audio effects Category:Audio effects Frequency divider Frequency mixer Nonlinear filter Outboard gear — effects units used in the
Effects_unit
Synchronisation signal in colour video
information. In NTSC, the color burst frequency is exactly 315/88 = 3.57954 MHz with a phase of 180°. PAL uses a frequency of exactly 4.43361875 MHz, with its
Color_burst
Synthesizer composed of separate modules
suppressing the original signals. Also called an analog multiplier or frequency mixer. Mixer - A module that adds voltages. Multiple - Fan out a voltage output
Modular_synthesizer
Frequency to which a carrier wave is shifted during transmission or reception
dependent on the available components such as mixer, filters, amplifiers and others that can operate at lower frequency. There are other factors involved in deciding
Intermediate_frequency
Analog television system
limitations of frequency divider circuits when the color standard was promulgated, the color subcarrier frequency was constructed as a composite frequency assembled
NTSC
British radio receiver made during World War II
many pre-war sets. The valve complement consisted of a triode-hexode frequency mixer, a variable-μ RF pentode IF amplifier and a high slope output pentode
Utility_Radio
Random fluctuation in an electrical signal
1/f noise, is a signal or process with a frequency spectrum that falls off steadily into the higher frequencies, with a pink spectrum. It occurs in almost
Noise_(electronics)
Behaviour of travelling radio waves
on radio propagation has many practical applications, from choosing frequencies for amateur radio communications, international shortwave broadcasters
Radio_propagation
Electronic testing device
shift in the displayed frequency. Also, the animation contains both up- and down-converted spectra, which is due to a frequency mixer producing both sum and
Spectrum_analyzer
Oscillator used to change Signal frequency in electronics
mixer to change the frequency of a signal. This frequency conversion process, also called heterodyning, produces the sum and difference frequencies from
Local_oscillator
Television content transmitted via signals in the air
Terrestrial television stations broadcast on television channels with frequencies between about 52 and 600 MHz in the VHF and UHF bands. Since radio waves
Terrestrial_television
Undesirable visual artifact in television
Differential phase Diplexer Dipole antenna Dummy load Frequency mixer Intercarrier method Intermediate frequency Output power of an analog TV transmitter Pre-emphasis
Hanover_bars
List of definitions of terms and concepts used in electrical engineering and electronics
device (more usually called a frequency mixer) that changes the frequency of an input signal to some other frequency. frequency modulation A method of impressing
Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering
Glossary_of_electrical_and_electronics_engineering
Device for broadcasting television signals
phase. The modulated signal is applied to a mixer (also known as frequency converter). Another input to the mixer which is usually produced in a crystal oven
Television_transmitter
Lines transmitted/displayed per second in a raster-scan video system
Horizontal scan rate, or horizontal frequency, usually expressed in kilohertz, is the number of times per second that a raster-scan video system transmits
Horizontal_scan_rate
Audio signal processing device which prevents or suppress audio feedback
introducing a varying shift in frequency to the system response. This is typically implemented using a frequency mixer. Only modest improvement of gain
Feedback_suppressor
Adjustment to ensure that the tape head is correctly aligned to read the tape
Differential phase Diplexer Dipole antenna Dummy load Frequency mixer Intercarrier method Intermediate frequency Output power of an analog TV transmitter Pre-emphasis
Video_tape_tracking
Frame sequence for color composite video signals
and NTSC has a 4-field (2 frame) color frame sequence. Because it uses frequency modulation for the chrominance subcarrier, SECAM does not have the subcarrier
Color_frame_sequence
Antenna consisting of two rod-shaped conductors
to resonate at a particular frequency, just like a guitar string that is plucked. Using the antenna at around that frequency is advantageous in terms of
Dipole_antenna
Television screen behavior
Differential phase Diplexer Dipole antenna Dummy load Frequency mixer Intercarrier method Intermediate frequency Output power of an analog TV transmitter Pre-emphasis
Overscan
Signal processing device
A diplexer is a passive device that implements frequency-domain multiplexing. Two ports (e.g., L and H) are multiplexed onto a third port (e.g., S). The
Diplexer
frequencies. If the simple mixer is replaced with a balanced mixer then the number of possible products is reduced. If the frequency mixer has fewer outputs the
Radio_transmitter_design
Rectangular pattern of image capture and reconstruction
Differential phase Diplexer Dipole antenna Dummy load Frequency mixer Intercarrier method Intermediate frequency Output power of an analog TV transmitter Pre-emphasis
Raster_scan
Differential phase Diplexer Dipole antenna Dummy load Frequency mixer Intercarrier method Intermediate frequency Output power of an analog TV transmitter Pre-emphasis
Black_level
Signal attenuation in telecommunications
For wireless communications in the very high frequency (VHF) and ultra high frequency (UHF) frequency band (the bands used by walkie-talkies, police
Path_loss
Sound reinforcement for performers
between the monitor mixer and the FOH mixer. This splitter may be part of the microphone snake, or it may be built into the monitor mixer. With a separate
Stage_monitor_system
Type of audio mixing console
A DJ mixer is a type of audio mixing console used by disc jockeys (DJs) to control and manipulate multiple audio signals. Some DJs use the mixer to make
DJ_mixer
efforts to produce extremely pure germanium "crystal" mixer diodes, used in radar units as a frequency mixer element in microwave radar receivers. A parallel
History_of_the_transistor
Overview of and topical guide to television broadcasting
Radiation pattern Skew Television interference Amplitude modulation Frequency mixer Frequency modulation Quadrature amplitude modulation Vestigial sideband
Outline of television broadcasting
Outline_of_television_broadcasting
Horizontal resolution specification
Differential phase Diplexer Dipole antenna Dummy load Frequency mixer Intercarrier method Intermediate frequency Output power of an analog TV transmitter Pre-emphasis
Television_lines
Japanese variation of the NTSC analog television standard
of 6500K. The over-the-air RF frequencies used in Japan do not match those of the US NTSC standard. On VHF the frequency spacing for each channel is 6
NTSC-J
Type of nonlinearity which causes distortion in color TV transmission
Differential phase Diplexer Dipole antenna Dummy load Frequency mixer Intercarrier method Intermediate frequency Output power of an analog TV transmitter Pre-emphasis
Differential_phase
Device used to simulate an electrical load
purposes. In radio this device is also known as a dummy antenna or a radio frequency termination. It is a device, usually a resistor, used in place of an antenna
Dummy_load
Signals phenomenon
to a superposition of two signals at different frequencies causes the circuit to act as a frequency mixer, creating intermodulation distortion. "Nonlinear
Nonlinear_distortion
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