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Proto-psychological theory
categories similar to the Greek temperaments. The four temperament theory was abandoned after the 1850s. Temperament theory has its roots in the ancient
Four_temperaments
Orchestral work and ballet by Paul Hindemith
The Four Temperaments or Theme and Four Variations (The Four Temperaments) is an orchestral work and ballet by Paul Hindemith. Although it was originally
The_Four_Temperaments
Personality questionnaire
temperament is one of four temperaments defined by Keirsey. Correlating with the SP (sensing–perceiving) Myers-Briggs types, the Artisan temperament comprises
Keirsey_Temperament_Sorter
Ancient Greek and Roman system of medicine involving four fluid types
Temperaments, Galen further emphasized the importance of the qualities. An ideal temperament involved a proportionally balanced mixture of the four qualities
Humorism
Term used to indicate the mixture of the innate aspects of the personality
determining temperament. Four temperaments Functional Ensemble of Temperament Keirsey Temperament Sorter Socionics temperaments Structure of Temperament Questionnaire
Temperament
Mythological creatures in Chinese constellations
mythology Four Perils – Four malevolent beings in Chinese mythology Four Seas – Metaphorical boundaries of ancient China Four temperaments – Proto-psychological
Four_Symbols
Educational philosophy
pseudoscientific "temperaments" to design instruction for each student. Seating arrangements and class activities may take into account the supposed temperaments of
Waldorf_education
Book by David Keirsey
simplifies these sixteen types into four groups, whose archetypes he equates with the classical four temperaments: SP (Artisan), SJ (Guardian), NT (Rational)
Please_Understand_Me
Psychological factor analysis measurement including behavior and temperament
Galen mapped the four temperaments (sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric and melancholic) to a matrix of hot/cold and dry/wet, taken from the four classical elements
Two-factor models of personality
Two-factor_models_of_personality
Historical view of extreme depression
melancholy derives its name) was regarded as one of the four temperaments matching the four humours. Until the 18th century, doctors and other scholars
Melancholia
Symphony by Carl Nielsen
Symphony No. 2 De fire Temperamenter ("The Four Temperaments"), Op. 16, FS 29, is the second symphony by Danish composer Carl Nielsen, written in 1901–1902
Symphony_No._2_(Nielsen)
Buddhist gods
Horus Four Stags (Norse mythology) Four Symbols Four temperaments Guardians of the directions Lokapala Royal stars Svetovid Tetramorph Watchtower “four heavenly
Four_Heavenly_Kings
American psychologist (1921 – 2013)
questionnaire, known as the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, which links human behavioral patterns to four temperaments and sixteen character types. Both volumes
David_Keirsey
German composer (1895–1963)
Madelyn. "The story behind The Four Temperaments, Balanchine's seminal non-narrative work". "The Four Temperaments". "Kammermusik No. 2". "Midday Artists
Paul_Hindemith
Pseudoscientific personality questionnaire
descriptions of his four temperaments, which he correlated with the 16 MBTI personality types, claims to show how the temperaments differ in terms of language
Myers–Briggs_Type_Indicator
Class of heavenly beings
mythology) – Four stags in the Poetic Edda Four Symbols – Mythological creatures in Chinese constellations Four temperaments – Proto-psychological theory Guardians
Living_creatures_(Bible)
1025 Encyclopedia of medicine compiled by Avicenna
thesis on temperaments into three subsections; a general overview, one based on members of the body, and temperaments based on age. The temperaments are reported
The_Canon_of_Medicine
Topics referred to by the same term
free dictionary. Melancholy may refer to: Melancholia, one of the four temperaments in pre-modern medicine and proto-psychology, representing a state
Melancholy
1514 engraving by Albrecht Dürer
might indicate that Dürer had planned three other engravings on the four temperaments. He suggested instead that the "I" referred to the first of three
Melencolia_I
Topics referred to by the same term
chalk), a red pigment used in art Sanguine temperament, a personality type, one of the four temperaments Blood red, a dark shade meant to resemble the
Sanguine
Classification of individuals based on personality traits
indicator theory was the Four Temperaments system of Galen, based on the four humours model of Hippocrates; an extended five temperaments system based on the
Personality_type
American family counselor and author (1940–2016)
a Christian perspective. Among other issues, he taught about the four temperaments in a format based on well known animals, the otter, lion, golden retriever
Gary_Smalley
American dancer (1925–1967)
Eulenspiegel (1951). She appeared in many Balanchine ballets including The Four Temperaments (1946); Serenade, Apollo, Symphony in C (1946); Swan Lake (pas de
Ruth_Sobotka
Italian-Canadian director
Yager Development. In 2020, Brambilla created The Four Temperaments where Cate Blanchett performs four sets of distinct character types divided according
Marco_Brambilla
Topics referred to by the same term
text related to this article: melancholia Melancholia was one of the four temperaments in proto-psychology and pre-modern medicine, representing a state
Melancholia_(disambiguation)
1867 novel by Émile Zola
that he set out to study temperaments. To his main characters, he assigns various humors according to Galen's four temperaments: Thérèse is melancholic
Thérèse_Raquin
1526 diptych by Albrecht Dürer
balance that is created between the temperaments when they are placed together, adding the four characteristics to the four apostles would have signified the
The_Four_Apostles
Recordings of works by Carl Nielsen
1 in G minor, Op. 7; FS 16 (1892) Symphony No. 2, The Four Temperaments (De fire Temperamenter), Op. 16; FS 29 (1902) Symphony No. 3, Sinfonia espansiva
Discography of Nielsen symphony cycles
Discography_of_Nielsen_symphony_cycles
British artist
in self-published comics. The name 'Phlegm' came from one of the four temperaments in ancient Greek medicine: blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm
Phlegm_(artist)
Musical tuning system
quotes on J.S. Bach and temperament Dominic Eckersley: "Rosetta Revisited: Bach's Very Ordinary Temperament" Well Temperaments, based on the Werckmeister
Equal_temperament
Schlemmer (1923) Nobilissima Visione, with Léonide Massine (1938) The Four Temperaments (scored for piano and strings) (1940) Hérodiade, with Martha Graham
List of compositions by Paul Hindemith
List_of_compositions_by_Paul_Hindemith
Brazilian ballet dancer (born 1981)
Tsarevich in Fokine's The Firebird, the First Movement of Balanchine's Four Temperaments, the Second Movement of Balanchine's Symphony in C, Diamonds in Jewels
Thiago_Soares
American ballet dancer
Brahms-Schoenberg Quartet Concerto Barocco Coppélia Cortège Hongrois Firebird The Four Temperaments Jewels: Diamonds Ivesiana Kammermusik No. 2 Liebeslieder Walzer A
Charles_Askegard
Study of influence of color on human behavior
for known and unknown brands. Participants were shown the same product in four different colors and brands. The results showed that study subjects picked
Color_psychology
French prima ballerina (born 1959)
roles in ballets by George Balanchine, Divertimento No. 15 and The Four Temperaments. In 1979, at nineteen, she was appointed première danseuse. In 1981
Élisabeth_Platel
Topics referred to by the same term
enclosures around a dolmen Guardian temperament, one of the four temperaments according to the Keirsey Temperament Sorter All pages with titles beginning
Guardian
Danish ballerina, choreographer and dance teacher (1944–2016)
series of ballets including Bournonville's Napoli, Balanchine's The Four Temperaments and Flemming Flindt's The Young Man Must Marry. From the late 1970s
Lise_la_Cour
German philosopher (1724–1804)
human diversity. He analyzed the nature of the Hippocrates-Galen four temperaments and plotted in two dimensions "what belongs to a human being's faculty
Immanuel_Kant
Concerto (1942) Waltz Academy (1944) Theme and Variations (1947) The Four Temperaments (1946) L'enfant et Les Sortilèges (The Spellbound Child) (1946) Haieff
List of ballets by George Balanchine
List_of_ballets_by_George_Balanchine
Psychological characteristics of an individual
conceptions of personality, such as the Temperament and Character Inventory have suggested four basic temperaments that are thought to reflect basic and
Personality
Christmas Dinner Ballets Triadisches Ballett Nobilissima Visione The Four Temperaments Hérodiade Orchestral works Die Harmonie der Welt Symphony Konzertmusik
Piano Sonata No. 2 (Hindemith)
Piano_Sonata_No._2_(Hindemith)
Method of assessing human personality constructs
using the colors blue, gold, orange and green to represent four basic personality temperaments. The 16PF Questionnaire (16PF) was developed by Raymond Cattell
Personality_test
Iranian string instrument
musical tones (pardeh), to take into account the temperament of the listener (see Four temperaments). He suggested that lower pitched tones (bam) were
Tar_(string_instrument)
Skin color
developed further by Galen. People were thought to be either of the four temperaments: choleric, melancholic, phlegmatic, or sanguine. During the Middle
Complexion
Musical tuning system
octave into 19 equal steps. The name "meantone temperament" derives from the fact that in all such temperaments the size of the whole tone, within the diatonic
Meantone_temperament
Georgian-American ballet choreographer (1904–1983)
Paul Hindemith, from whom he commissioned a score in 1940 for The Four Temperaments. First performed on November 20, 1946, this modernist work was one
George_Balanchine
2005 film by Adam Goldberg
original on December 6, 2005. "I Love Your Work". Rotten Tomatoes. I Love Your Work at IMDb I Love Your Work at Rotten Tomatoes The Four Temperaments
I_Love_Your_Work
American British ballet dancer, model and actor
in Anastasia High Brahmin in La Bayadère Officer in Cinderella The Four Temperaments Gaoler and Gentleman in Manon Serenade Von Rothbart in Swan Lake Apollo
Eric_Underwood_(dancer)
smaller, colder, smoother. Where the male body excreted extra heat and four temperaments, the female instead used menstruation. Like the study of the humours
Perceptions of the female body in medieval Europe
Perceptions_of_the_female_body_in_medieval_Europe
British ballet dancer
Variations, Scènes de ballet, Balanchine's Jewels, Tarantella, The Four Temperaments, Symphony in C, Theme and Variations, Ballo della Regina, Ballet Imperial
Yasmine_Naghdi
is annexed by Athens Empedocles, Greek doctor, believes body has Four Temperaments. 430: Athens abandons the Siege of Pydna Herakleion is impressed into
Timeline_of_ancient_Greece
Musical tuning system
recorded circular temperaments was described by the organist Arnolt Schlick in the early 16th century. However, "well temperaments" did not become widely
Well_temperament
Tsao, Aimee (April 29, 2015). "San Francisco Ballet – Caprice, The Four Temperaments, Swimmer – San Francisco". DanceTabs. Ulrich, Allan (April 11, 2015)
Swimmer_(ballet)
Muslim-ruled parts of the Iberian Peninsula (711–1492)
principles of Galenic medicine, such as humorism and the theory of four temperaments, as the basis of its medical recommendations. The ibn Zuhr family
Al-Andalus
Planet Jupiter in Mandaeism
is associated with masculinity, hotness, and moistness (see also four temperaments). Bil's name could be derived from the Akkadian Bēlu. Aldihisi, Sabah
Bil_(Mandaeism)
Franco-Hungarian ballet dancer
Petrushka, Danses Concertantes, Coppélia, The Prodigal Son, The Four Temperaments, The Four Seasons, Raymonda, and Aunis. As a choreographer he created a
István_Martin
Painting by Caravaggio, c. 1595
over the god, while the arrangement of various fruits suggests The Four Temperaments, with the salamander being the symbol of fire in Caravaggio's time
Boy_Bitten_by_a_Lizard
1764 book by Immanuel Kant
the approach of four temperaments to distinguish truly virtuous people. According to Kant, among all people with diverse temperaments, a person with melancholy
Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime
Observations_on_the_Feeling_of_the_Beautiful_and_Sublime
Belief about living organisms
founded by Hippocrates, these vital forces were associated with the four temperaments and humours. Multiple Asian traditions posited an imbalance or blocking
Vitalism
1497 engraving by Albrecht Dürer
Witchcraft, Venus and the Three Graces, The Seasons of the Year, The Four Temperaments, and Diana and Hecate Trivia. The human skull and bone left on the
The_Four_Naked_Women_(Dürer)
American dancer
Midsummer Night's Dream, Symphony in C, Le Tombeau de Couperin, The Four Temperaments, Who Cares?, Donizetti Variations, The Nutcracker, Chaconne, Danses
Paul_Boos
Musical tuning system
temperament, the most commonly used temperament today, and more generally meantone temperaments which were historically used. Irregular temperaments cannot
Musical_temperament
State of being awoken
doi:10.1016/0191-8869(88)90044-x. ISSN 0191-8869. Hock C (1934). The Four Temperaments. Milwaukee, WI: Catholic Apostolate Press. ISBN 978-1453823941. Archived
Arousal
Danish painter (born 1957)
interpretation in painting of the Four Temperaments expressed in Carl Nielsen's Second Symphony Opus 16. The portrait consists of four paintings that constitute
Lars_Physant
French ballet dancer and director
Quixote La Bayadère Sylvia Giselle Swan Lake Romeo and Juliet The Sleeping Beauty Raymonda Les Sylphides La Sylphide The Four Temperaments Manon Onegin
Aurélie_Dupont
Obsolete theories in natural history and natural philosophy
disabilities, and other cognitive diseases. Theory of the four bodily humours (see also Four temperaments) Heroic medicine – a therapeutic method derived from
List of superseded scientific theories
List_of_superseded_scientific_theories
Musical tuning system with constant ratios between notes
compares several equal temperaments in a graph with axes reversed from the axes in the first comparison of equal temperaments, and identical axes of the
Varieties of equal temperament
Varieties_of_equal_temperament
Pair of circulating temperaments described by Thomas Young
Transactions for that year. The temperaments are referred to individually as Young's first temperament and Young's second temperament, more briefly as Young's
Young_temperament
Legendary 19th century haunting in Middle Tennessee
(October 9, 2008). "Multidimensional Dance: The Bell Witch and The Four Temperaments at TPAC's Polk Theater". Nashville Scene. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
Bell_Witch
Branch of psychology focused on personality
Clinical psychology Enneagram of Personality Epigenetics in psychology Four temperaments Holland Codes Individual differences Industrial & organizational assessment
Personality_psychology
Swedish biologist and physician (1707–1778)
phenotypical characteristics for each variety, based on the concept of the four temperaments from classical antiquity, and changed the description of Asians' skin
Carl_Linnaeus
Musical interval
enharmonically distinct flat in mean-tone temperaments (e.g., D♯–E♭). In the quarter-tone scale, also called 24-tone equal temperament (24-TET), the quarter tone is
Quarter_tone
Non-profit educational institution
Trades in New York City. In its first season, it opened with The Four Temperaments and the Spellbound Child. On April 28, 1948 Orpheus, presented by
Ballet_Society
German composer (1786–1826)
earliest song cycles, Die Temperamente beim Verluste der Geliebten ([Four] Temperaments on the Loss of a Lover). Weber was also notable as one of the first
Carl_Maria_von_Weber
Russian ballet dancer
Symphony in C (Third Movement); choreography by George Balanchine The Four Temperaments; choreography by George Balanchine Jewels (Emeralds, Rubies, Diamonds);
Olesya_Novikova
French ballet dancer
Balanchine's Emeraudes/Joyaux, Serenade, Liebeslieder Walzer and The Four Temperaments and as Nikiya in Rudolf Nureyev's La Bayadère. In 2009, after the
Isabelle_Ciaravola
2021 award ceremony for music
Symphony Orchestra) Nielsen: Symphony No. 1 & Symphony No. 2, 'The Four Temperaments' (Thomas Dausgaard & Seattle Symphony) Elaine Martone Bound For The
63rd_Annual_Grammy_Awards
Three irregular temperaments developed by Johann Kirnberger
The Kirnberger temperaments are three irregular temperaments developed in the second half of the 18th century by Johann Kirnberger. Kirnberger was a student
Kirnberger_temperament
former came to refer to a pathological condition and the latter to a temperament. The term depression was derived from the Latin verb deprimere, "to press
History_of_depression
medicine, proposing that diseases have natural causes along with the Four temperaments theory of disease, and leaving the Hippocratic Oath. He "taught that
History_of_surgery
Engraving by Albrecht Dürer
Knight, Death and the Devil as part of a four-work cycle, each designed to illustrate one of the four temperaments. According to Thausing, the work was intended
Knight,_Death_and_the_Devil
Swiss ballet dancer
Balanchine, She danced successfully the main roles in Apollo, The Four Temperaments and Symphony in C. From 1971 to 1974 she was invited to be principal
Manola_Asensio
American choreographer (1914–2006)
dancer, originating roles in the work of Balanchine — most notably The Four Temperaments, Renard, and Agon — and in much of the choreography of Jerome Robbins
Todd_Bolender
Christmas Dinner Ballets Triadisches Ballett Nobilissima Visione The Four Temperaments Hérodiade Orchestral works Die Harmonie der Welt Symphony Konzertmusik
String_Trio_No._2_(Hindemith)
Viola concerto by Paul Hindemith
Christmas Dinner Ballets Triadisches Ballett Nobilissima Visione The Four Temperaments Hérodiade Orchestral works Die Harmonie der Welt Symphony Konzertmusik
Der_Schwanendreher
Personality trait
four temperaments of ancient medicine, with choleric and sanguine temperaments equating to extraversion, and melancholic and phlegmatic temperaments equating
Extraversion_and_introversion
`Irish ballet dancer, teacher and choreographer, and academic administrator
He also performed leading roles in Pineapple Poll (Cranko), The Four Temperaments (Balanchine), Troy Game (Robert North), Les Sylphides (Fokine), Oscar
Kilian_O'Callaghan
Finnish conductor (born 1965)
2020. Stephen Pritchard (3 May 2015). "Nielsen: Symphony No 2, 'The Four Temperaments'; Symphony No 6 'Sinfonia Semplice' CD review – blistering accounts
Sakari_Oramo
Symphony by Paul Hindemith
Christmas Dinner Ballets Triadisches Ballett Nobilissima Visione The Four Temperaments Hérodiade Orchestral works Die Harmonie der Welt Symphony Konzertmusik
Symphony:_Mathis_der_Maler
Musical tuning system
Whereas schismatic temperaments achieve a ratio with a number of fifths, each tempered by a fraction of the schisma; meantone temperaments achieve a ratio
Schismatic_temperament
Ballet written by Oskar Schlemmer
{{citation}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) Kirstein, Lincoln (January 1984), Four centuries of ballet : fifty masterworks, Dover Publications (published 1984)
Triadisches_Ballett
Psychophysiological theory
the idea of individual differences. Hippocrates also proposed the four temperaments in man and Pavlov wanting to honor Hippocrates by use of Hippocrates'
Pavlov's_typology
W. Schutz's social behavior theory
however, the four temperaments were eventually mapped to the scales of the scoring system, which led to the creation of a theory of five temperaments. Schutz
Fundamental interpersonal relations orientation
Fundamental_interpersonal_relations_orientation
American ballet dancer
she also danced featured roles in ballets such as Balanchine's The Four Temperaments, Vienna Waltzes, The Nutcracker (as Sugar Plum Fairy), Stravinsky
Mira_Nadon
1810 book by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
"common", and violet to the "unnecessary". These six qualities were assigned to four categories of human cognition, the rational (Vernunft) to the beautiful and
Theory_of_Colours
Natural dispositions and characteristics that humans possess
from negligible role in medieval medicine and the doctrine of the four temperaments. The origin of the definition of man as a “rational animal” also went
Human_nature
Philosophical idea of a person having a unique existence
York: D. Appleton and Company. Steiner, Rudolf (1968) [1909]. The four temperaments. Translated by Dawson, Frances E. (2nd ed.). Anthroposophic Press
Personal_identity
1949 Concerto by Paul Hindemith
Christmas Dinner Ballets Triadisches Ballett Nobilissima Visione The Four Temperaments Hérodiade Orchestral works Die Harmonie der Welt Symphony Konzertmusik
Horn_Concerto_(Hindemith)
tunings. All regular diatonic tunings are also linear temperaments, i.e. regular temperaments with two generators: the octave and the tempered fifth
Regular_diatonic_tuning
American jazz trumpeter (1908–1994)
album Concerto In C Minor For Piano by Dmitri Shostakovich and The Four Temperaments by Paul Hindemith with Victor Aller and Felix Slatkin. During the
Mannie_Klein
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