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Period of competition
The videotape format war was a period of competition or "format war" of incompatible models of consumer-level analog videocassette formats and video cassette
Videotape_format_war
Competition between proprietary formats in the same market
A format war is a competition between similar but mutually incompatible technical standards that compete for the same market, such as for data storage
Format_war
Type of file format
will also be placed on the class loader's classpath. EAR (file format) JAR (file format) Crossley, Allistair. "Apache Tomcat 8 (8.0.44) - Tomcat Web Application
WAR_(file_format)
Format war from 2006 to 2008 between Blu-ray and HD DVD
The high-definition optical disc format war was a market competition between two optical disc standards for distributing high-definition video: Blu-ray
High-definition optical disc format war
High-definition_optical_disc_format_war
Analog videocassette recording format
(VCRs) began; the VHS became the most popular media format for VCRs as it would win the "format war" against Betamax (backed by Sony) and a number of other
VHS
Evolution of auditory media
distributed using a variety of audio formats, some of which store additional information. Timeline of video formats Format war Audio data compression "The Electrical
Timeline_of_audio_formats
by various companies, leading to a format war. These formats all shared a number of advantages over the older format, including a small form factor and
History_of_the_floppy_disk
Defunct Japanese multinational national electronics corporation
earlier, became the main competitor for JVC's VHS format into the 1980s, creating the videotape format war. The Betamax cassette was smaller, with slightly
JVC
Digital optical disc format
optical disc format war, where Blu-ray Disc competed with the HD DVD format. Toshiba, the main company supporting HD DVD, discontinued the format in February
Blu-ray
Java archive file format
A JAR ("Java archive") file is a package file format typically used to aggregate many Java class files and associated metadata and resources (text, images
JAR_(file_format)
Discontinued Analog video cassette recording format
analog videocassette recording format developed by Sony. It was one of the main competitors in the videotape format war against its primary rival, VHS
Betamax
Digital optical disc data storage format
to end the format war, and on September 15, 1995 agreed to unify with companies backing the Super Density Disc to release a single format, with technologies
DVD
Sony's removable flash memory card format, launched in July 1998
a surrender by Sony of its format war in the memory card business and the end to further serious development of the format. Despite this, Sony continues
Memory_Stick
Obsolete optical disc format
compared to 4.7 GB per layer on a DVD). The format was commercially released in 2006 and fought a protracted format war with its rival, the Blu-ray Disc. Compared
HD_DVD
2007 American film
support for the format in favor of Blu-ray. "Charlie Wilson's War (2007)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved December 19, 2012. "Charlie Wilson's War (2007) - Weekend
Charlie_Wilson's_War_(film)
Soft drink marketing rivalry
Coffee wars Console wars Format wars Smartphone wars Tar derby Kim Bhasin (January 1, 2013). "COKE VS. PEPSI: The Story Behind The Neverending 'Cola Wars'"
Cola_wars
Electronic data storage device
beginning in 2010. Effectively, the format war has turned in SD-Card's favor. By the late 2010s, newer high-speed formats such as CFexpress and Universal
Memory_card
Group that met to stop the War in Donbas
The Normandy Format (French: Format Normandie), also known as the Normandy contact group or Normandy Four, was a grouping of states who met between 2014
Normandy_Format
Japanese multinational corporation
The company subsequently launched the Betamax format in 1975. Sony was involved in the videotape format war of the early 1980s, when it was marketing the
Sony
Video game industry term
console wars, incorporating personified consoles, developers, consumers, and other such figures within the gaming industry. Browser wars Format war Smartphone
Console_war
World's first VHS-based VCR
Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2011-07-11. "The Format War," Video Magazine, April 1988, pp. 50-54. "Akai VS-9300EG early VHS vcr
JVC_HR-3300
Optical disc format based on HD DVD
regular DVDs. Although HD DVD was scrapped as a result of losing the format war to Blu-ray, CBHDs continued to be produced and marketed, though only in
China Blue High-definition Disc
China_Blue_High-definition_Disc
Device which records and plays back audio-visual media
VHS (Video Home System), competed for sales in what became known as the format war. Betamax was first to market in November 1975, and was argued by many
Videocassette_recorder
Intense competition between expanding railway companies in 19th-century Great Britain
controlling or commercially dominating rights of way. The Gauge War was arguably the earliest format war between two similar but incompatible technologies. The
British_Gauge_War
This is a list of computer file formats, categorized by domain. Some formats are listed under multiple categories. Most of the file endings are traditionally
List_of_file_formats
Vendor-neutral file system, used in practice for DVDs and other optical discs
Universal Disk Format (UDF) is an open, vendor-neutral file system for computer data storage for a broad range of media. In practice, it has been most
Universal_Disk_Format
Method to store and retrieve computer data using optics
and 30 GB with a dual-layer. Blu-ray discs, which won the HDTV optical format war by defeating HD DVDs, can hold 25 GB for single-layer, 50 GB for dual-layer
Optical_storage
Physical retail business that rents home videos
tapes when VHS won the format war late in the decade. In the 2000s, video rental stores began renting DVDs, a digital format with higher resolution than
Video_rental_shop
distributed using a variety of formats, some of which store additional information. Timeline of audio formats Format war Demetris, Jordan (1990-01-01)
Timeline_of_video_formats
DVD format for storing high-fidelity audio
delivery format. The standard was published in March 1999 and the first discs entered the marketplace in 2000. DVD-Audio was in a format war with Super
DVD-Audio
improve upon and eventually replace the DVD standard. The two formats remained in a format war until February 19, 2008, when Toshiba, HD DVD's creator, announced
Comparison of high-definition optical disc formats
Comparison_of_high-definition_optical_disc_formats
Format used to store digital video on DVDs
DVD-Video is a consumer video format used to store digital video on DVDs. DVD-Video was the dominant consumer home video format in most of the world in the
DVD-Video
Comic book series by Mark Kidwell
about a zombie apocalypse set in 1968 during the Vietnam War and the peace movement against the war. The stories follow the survivors, both military and civilian
'68_(comic_book)
Accessory for the Xbox 360 console
announcement to discontinue all HD DVD players and effectively end the format war between Blu-ray and HD DVD. Two days later, the price of the HD DVD Player
Xbox_360_HD_DVD_Player
Consumer-level analog video tape recording and cassette form factor standard
videotape format war. Philips named the videotape standard Video Compact Cassette (VCC) to complement its landmark audio Compact Cassette format introduced
Video_2000
Audio technology company
electronics manufacturers. Dolby is best known for their audio encoding format, Dolby Digital, which popularized the use of surround sound in media. Dolby
Dolby
Phase since 2022 of war ongoing since 2014
starting the largest and deadliest war in Europe since World War II, in a major escalation of the existing war between the two countries that began
Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)
Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)
Ewoks. Produced for CBS in 1978, the Star Wars Holiday Special was a two-hour television special, in the format of a variety show. Stars of the original
List_of_Star_Wars_films
Convention that is widely accepted but unofficial
in the war of the currents. VHS over Betamax in the videotape format war. Blu-ray and HD DVD during the high-definition optical disc format war. Scalable
De_facto_standard
Dutch engineer, inventor, and entrepreneur (born 1946)
successor of EFM used in CD. The electronics industry feared a repeat of the format war between VHS and Betamax in the 1980s. IBM's president, Lou Gerstner, urged
Kees_Schouhamer_Immink
Family of archive file formats
ZIP is an archive file format that supports lossless data compression. A ZIP file may contain one or more files or directories that may have been compressed
ZIP_(file_format)
Flat, usually circular disc that encodes binary data
Blu-ray eventually prevailed in a high definition optical disc format war over a competing format, the HD DVD. A standard Blu-ray disc can hold about 25 GB
Optical_disc
Optical disc storage medium
Ultra HD, UHD-BD, or 4K Blu-ray) is a digital optical disc data storage format that is an enhanced variant of Blu-ray. Ultra HD Blu-ray supports 4K UHD
Ultra_HD_Blu-ray
American rock band
The band took their name from the videotape format war of the 1970s and 1980s, where Sony's Beta format competed with JVC's VHS. VHS Or Beta was founded
VHS_or_Beta
Release with one to three tracks
be released for sale to the public in a variety of physical or digital formats. Singles may be standalone tracks or connected to an artist's album, and
Single_(music)
Type of magneto-optical medium
the 3½-inch diskette it had also helped create. MD Data competed in a format war with other disks such as SyQuest's EZ 135, Imation's SuperDisk, and the
MD_Data
Random-access disc containing audio and analog video signals
Disc) format, later renamed HD DVD, lost a format war with Sony's Blu-ray Disc (BD) format. This format war delayed acceptance of either format, and Blu-ray
Videodisc
Vinyl analog sound storage discs
play) is an analog sound storage medium, specifically a phonograph record format characterized by a speed of 33+1⁄3 rpm, a 12- or 10-inch (30- or 25-cm)
LP_record
Standards for live TV on mobile devices
Mobile TV Format is a colloquial and collective name for technology standards set out for broadcasting TV services to mobile devices, mostly mobile handsets
Mobile_TV_format
Magnetic tape used for storing video and sound simultaneously
systems battled the videotape format war, which VHS ultimately won. In Europe, Philips had developed the Video 2000 format, which did not find favor with
Videotape
1977 film by George Lucas
Star Wars (later retitled as Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope) is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas. Produced
Star_Wars_(film)
Write-once optical disc technology
Interagency Report NIST IR 8387 listed the M-Disc as an acceptable archival format rated for 100+ years, citing the aforementioned 2009 and 2012 tests by the
M-DISC
Switching costs inhibiting a change of vendor
Enshittification Format war Free software Network effect – the benefit from having a large number of people using an agreed-upon format or vendor Path dependence
Vendor_lock-in
Recordable optical disk technology
directly compatible, which created a format war in the DVD technology industry. To reconcile the two competing formats, manufacturers created hybrid drives
DVD_recordable
2008 American TV series or program
cancellation in 2013, a project titled The Clone Wars Legacy adapted unfinished story arcs into other formats such as comics and novels. The series was later
Star_Wars:_The_Clone_Wars
Series of fast food advertising campaigns
advertising programs between Coca-Cola and Pepsi. Console wars Format war Smartphone wars Browser wars Tar derby "McDonald's Corporation". Funding Universe
Burger_wars
San Francisco based cryptography company
developed BD+, a security component in the Blu-ray disc format, and played a role in the format war between HD DVD and Blu-ray. The company's services group
Cryptography_Research
Digital optical disc data storage format
The compact disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format co-developed by Philips and Sony to store and play digital audio recordings. It employs
Compact_disc
multichannel-stereo Super Audio CD/CD releases, which an important development in the format war between Super Audio CDs (SACDs) and DVD-Audio discs. It marks the first
Warner_Premium_Sound
Technique for recording widescreen images onto a 4:3 frame
Anamorphic format is a cinematography technique that captures widescreen images using recording media with narrower native aspect ratios. Originally developed
Anamorphic_format
Audio exceeding CD capability
additional benefits such as multi-channel surround sound. Following a format war, none of these achieved widespread adoption. Following the rise in online
High-resolution_audio
October 2019. "Blu-ray wins the HD format war". Centre for Computing History. "Blu-ray vs HD DVD: Standard Format War". ANSI. 13 May 2016. "Announcing the
Timeline of computing 2000–2009
Timeline_of_computing_2000–2009
Data format used for audio compact discs
the standard format for audio compact discs. The standard is defined in the Red Book technical specifications, which is why the format is also dubbed
Compact_Disc_Digital_Audio
HD DVD format. Comparison of high definition optical disc formats Digital rights management HD DVD HD NVD High definition optical disc format war Optical
List of Blu-ray player manufacturers
List_of_Blu-ray_player_manufacturers
Device for recording video and audio on magnetic tape
the format war. In 1988, Sony began to market its own VHS machines, and despite claims that it was still backing Beta, it was clear that the format was
Video_tape_recorder
File system for CD-R and CD-ROM optical discs
for many operating systems. ISO 9660 traces its roots to the High Sierra Format, which arranged file information in a dense, sequential layout to minimize
ISO_9660
Package format used by Android
The Android Package with the file extension apk is a package format used by Android and a number of other Android-based operating systems for distribution
Apk_(file_format)
Piano that plays prerecorded works
play any make of roll. This consensus was crucial for avoiding a costly format war, which plagued almost every other form of entertainment medium that followed
Player_piano
Recording of information in a storage medium
Flip-flop (electronics) Format war Fuzzy bit Information Age IOPS Library Magnetic tape Media (communication) Media controls Medium format (film) Memristor Nanodot
Data_storage
recordable formats developed some time later: DVD- in late 1997 and DVD+ in 2002. Although DVD was initially intended to prevent a format war in fact one
Comparison of popular optical data-storage systems
Comparison_of_popular_optical_data-storage_systems
Act of insulting and offending people on the internet
November 2007). "Format war fanboys shut down AVS Forum". CNet. Retrieved 6 July 2014. "'Delete your account': Clinton, Trump in Twitter flame war". SBS News
Flaming_(Internet_term)
Video distributed for home viewing
beginning the high-definition optical disc format war, in which Blu-ray Disc competed against the HD DVD format. Toshiba, the main company supporting HD
Home_video
Pre-pressed compact disc containing computer data
software or digital video) is only usable on a computer (such as ISO 9660 format PC CD-ROMs). During the 1990s and early 2000s, CD-ROMs were popularly used
CD-ROM
Set of wireless technology protocols
support.microsoft.com. "FAQ". Retrieved September 16, 2019. "Digital Media Format War 2.0 is About to Begin". GeekSpeaker. September 6, 2007. Retrieved September
DLNA
8 centimeter diameter compact discs
of a standard 120 mm disc. Amongst the various formats are the Mini CD single, a small disc. The format is mainly used for audio CD singles in certain
Mini_CD
1956 compilation album by Thelonious Monk
(1951) and Genius of Modern Music, Vol. 2 (1952). After 10"s lost the format war, Blue Note began reissuing its Modern Jazz Series on 12"s. Material from
Genius of Modern Music, Vols. One & Two
Genius_of_Modern_Music,_Vols._One_&_Two
2026 Hong Kong film by Longman Leung
2026, including with IMAX, 4DX, and CGS formats. In celebration of the film's release on 1 May, the cast of Cold War 1994, including Daniel Wu, Terrance Lau
Cold_War_1994
Proprietary optical disc format used in the Dreamcast and other Sega systems
optical disc format developed as a collaboration between Sega and Yamaha for the Dreamcast and other Sega systems. A double-density format based on the
GD-ROM
Magneto-optical storage medium, mainly for audio (1992–2013)
(MD) is a discontinued erasable magneto-optical disc-based data storage format offering a capacity of 60, 74, or 80 minutes of digitized audio. Sony announced
MiniDisc
8-centimeter DVD disc
released on the format in the mid-2000s, usually targeting children using low-cost small players. Nintendo used a very similar disc-based format for the GameCube
MiniDVD
Transfer function for HDR displays
(10 July 2015). "HDR Special Report: SMPTE Standards Director: No HDR Format War, Yet". MESA. Archived from the original on 13 September 2015. Retrieved
Perceptual_quantizer
American home video distribution company
because of the HD format war between Blu-ray and HD DVD. Once Blu-ray emerged as the industry-standard high-definition home-video format, Criterion began
The_Criterion_Collection
Optical analog video disc format
video format and the first commercial optical disc storage medium. It was developed by Philips, Pioneer, and the movie studio MCA. The format was initially
LaserDisc
and H.264/AVC. They were engaged in a format war up until February 2008, to determine which of the two formats will become the leading carrier for high-definition
High-definition pre-recorded media and compression
High-definition_pre-recorded_media_and_compression
Indian cricketer (born 1988)
November 1988) is an Indian international cricketer and the former all-format captain of the Indian national cricket team. He is a right-handed batter
Virat_Kohli
losing the format war with the disc by 1910, but the production of entertainment cylinders did not entirely cease until 1929, and use of the format for business
History_of_sound_recording
Optical disc medium for PlayStation Portable
some wrestler highlights and documentary content on UMD format, such as the Monday Night War, Jake "The Snake" Roberts: Pick Your Poison, and WWE Raw
Universal_Media_Disc
British/American television series
War (stylised as WAR) is an upcoming legal drama television series created by George Kay for Sky Television and HBO. The first series is about two prestigious
War_(TV_series)
Content publishing on digital video discs, DVDs
particular book of DVD specifications from DVD Format/Logo Licensing Corporation. The different DVD formats have different books. Each book contains hundreds
DVD_authoring
States and Israel launched joint airstrikes on Iran, starting the 2026 Iran war. The strikes targeted Iranian officials, military commanders, and military
Reactions to the 2026 Iran war
Reactions_to_the_2026_Iran_war
Blu-ray Disc media that can be written to using an optical disc recorder
versions of BD-RE and four versions of BD-R formats. Each version includes three Parts (a.k.a. Books): Basic Format Specifications, File System Specifications
Blu-ray_Disc_recordable
Set of technologies by Dolby Laboratories
introduced in 2014, making it the first available HDR format. HDR10+ is a competitor to HDR format that also uses dynamic metadata. Dolby Vision IQ is an
Dolby_Vision
Annual motorcycle race event on the Isle of Man
to and promotes the event. The Isle of Man TT is a series of time-trial format races, run on public roads closed for racing. The event consists of one
Isle_of_Man_TT
Optical disc format intended as an alternative to HD DVD and Blu-ray
Forward Versatile Disc (FVD) is an optical disc format developed in Taiwan as an offshoot of DVD technology. Jointly created by the Advanced Optical Storage
Forward_Versatile_Disc
2025 Indian film by Ayan Mukerji
War 2 is a 2025 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film directed by Ayan Mukerji and produced by Aditya Chopra under Yash Raj Films. Based on a script
War_2_(film)
Optical disk technology
CD-RW (Compact Disc-Rewritable) is a digital optical disc storage format introduced by Ricoh in 1997. A CD-RW compact disc (CD-RWs) can be written, read
CD-RW
implementation-specific Jakarta EE parameters. Enterprise software WAR (file format) JAR (file format) JAR hell Deployment Descriptor "EAR file overview". www.ibm
EAR_(file_format)
Book series that contains the specifications of Compact Discs
The Rainbow Books are a collection of CD format specifications, generally written and published by the companies involved in their development, including
Rainbow_Books
Japanese electronics company
Report, July 13, 1992, pp. 46–48. "Toshiba to give up on HD DVD, end format war: source". Reuters. February 16, 2008. "The Japan Times - News on Japan
Sanyo
2008 film by Dave Filoni
Star Wars: The Clone Wars is a 2008 American animated space opera film directed by Dave Filoni and produced by Lucasfilm Animation. The voice cast includes
Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film)
Star_Wars:_The_Clone_Wars_(film)
FORMAT WAR
FORMAT WAR
Female
Hebrew
Variant spelling of Hebrew Bosmath, BOSMAT means "spice" or "sweet smelling."
Female
English
 Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Odharnait, ORNAT means "little sallow one." Compare with another form of Ornat.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a keeper of swine, Middle English foreman, from Old English fÅr ‘hog’, ‘pig’ + mann ‘man’.English : status name for a leader or spokesman for a group, from Old English fore ‘before’, ‘in front’ + mann ‘man’. The word is attested in this sense from the 15th century, but is not used specifically for the leader of a gang of workers before the late 16th century.Czech and Jewish (from Bohemia, Moravia) : occupational name for a carter, Czech forman, a loanword from German.
Girl/Female
Latin American
Rule; pattern. Can also be a feminine form of Norman: from the North.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Honor
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Forman 1 and 2.Respelling of North German Formann, a variant of Fuhrmann.
Female
Italian
 Italian name invented by Felice Romani in his libretto for Belini's opera of the same name, derived from Latin norma, NORMA means "standard, rule." Compare with another form of Norma.
Male
English
English form of Teutonic Nordemann, NORMAN means "northman."
Boy/Male
Australian, Gaelic, Irish
Charioteer; Son of Raven; Son; Kings; Saints; Warriors
Boy/Male
English American French
Keeps the forest 'Woodland.
Girl/Female
Indian
Honor
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Forrest, FOREST means "lives in or by an enclosed wood."
Male
Scottish
Scottish form of Irish Gaelic Cormac, CORMAG means "son of defilement."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Forman 1 and 2.
Female
Hebrew
(××„×¨Ö°× Ö·×ª) Variant form of Hebrew Orna, ORNAT means "let there be light" or "pine tree." Compare with another form of Ornat.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Iranian, Muslim, Parsi
Honour
Surname or Lastname
English
English : possibly a variant of Warman.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Firmin.Muslim : variant of Farman.
Female
English
 Feminine form of English Norman, NORMA means "northman." Compare with another form of Norma.
Male
Finnish
Finnish form of Greek Ieremias (Hebrew Yirmeyahu), JORMA means "Jehovah casts forth" or "Jehovah hurls."
FORMAT WAR
FORMAT WAR
Boy/Male
Tamil
Aswathaama | அஸà¯à®µà®¤à®¾à®®à®¾à®‚
Son of drone
Male
Hebrew
(מֶלֶךְ) Hebrew name MELEK means "king." In the bible, this is the name of the second son of Micah. In use by the Armenians.
Boy/Male
English
The fictional character Jorel father of Superman.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from a pet form of the personal name Hodge.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Modern, Punjabi, Sikh
Poem; Poetry
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Kannada
Pen; Written Poem
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Richward, a Norman personal name composed of the Germanic elements rīc ‘power(ful)’ + ward ‘guard’.French : from Old French record, recort ‘recollection’, ‘account’, ‘testimony’, and by extension ‘witness’, hence perhaps a nickname for someone who had given evidence in a court of law, or a metonymic occupational name for a clerk who recorded court proceedings.New England variant of French Ricard, reflecting an Americanized spelling of the Canadian pronunciation.
Girl/Female
Indian
Second Khalifah
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Bravery; Valour
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Ascetic
FORMAT WAR
FORMAT WAR
FORMAT WAR
FORMAT WAR
FORMAT WAR
a.
Of or pertaining to a forest; sylvan.
a.
In a sleeping posture; as, a lion dormant; -- distinguished from couchant.
imp. & p. p.
of Form
a.
Having the form or appearance without the substance or essence; external; as, formal duty; formal worship; formal courtesy, etc.
n.
A salt of formic acid.
a.
Of or pertaining to Normandy or to the Normans; as, the Norman language; the Norman conquest.
a.
Belonging to the form, shape, frame, external appearance, or organization of a thing.
a.
Sound; normal.
imp.
of Forget
a.
Dependent in form; conventional.
a.
Arranged, as stars in a constellation; as, formed stars.
n.
One who forms; a maker; a creator.
a.
Devoted to, or done in accordance with, forms or rules; punctilious; regular; orderly; methodical; of a prescribed form; exact; prim; stiff; ceremonious; as, a man formal in his dress, his gait, his conversation.
a.
Sleeping; as, a dormant animal; hence, not in action or exercise; quiescent; at rest; in abeyance; not disclosed, asserted, or insisted on; as, dormant passions; dormant claims or titles.
v. t.
To foray; to ravage; to pillage.
a.
Done in due form, or with solemnity; according to regular method; not incidental, sudden or irregular; express; as, he gave his formal consent.
a.
Pertaining to, or derived from, ants; as, formic acid; in an extended sense, pertaining to, or derived from, formic acid; as, formic ether.