AI & ChatGPT searches , social queriess for FLEXURAL RIGIDITY

Search references for FLEXURAL RIGIDITY. Phrases containing FLEXURAL RIGIDITY

See searches and references containing FLEXURAL RIGIDITY!

AI searches containing FLEXURAL RIGIDITY

FLEXURAL RIGIDITY

  • Flexural rigidity
  • Resistance offered by a structure while bending

    Flexural rigidity is defined as the force couple required to bend a fixed non-rigid structure by one unit of curvature, or as the resistance offered by

    Flexural rigidity

    Flexural_rigidity

  • Flexural modulus
  • Intensive property in mechanics

    the flexural modulus, bending modulus, or modulus of rigidity is an intensive property that is computed as the ratio of stress to strain in flexural deformation

    Flexural modulus

    Flexural modulus

    Flexural_modulus

  • Sedimentary basin
  • Regions of long-term subsidence creating space for infilling by sediments

    flexural rigidity of the lithosphere, and the wavelength of flexure is a function of flexural rigidity of the lithospheric plate. Flexural rigidity is

    Sedimentary basin

    Sedimentary basin

    Sedimentary_basin

  • Euler–Bernoulli beam theory
  • Method for load calculation in construction

    fourth integral of the applied loads up to that point, and depends on flexural rigidity. Through the use of calculus, and boundary conditions describing the

    Euler–Bernoulli beam theory

    Euler–Bernoulli beam theory

    Euler–Bernoulli_beam_theory

  • Foreland basin
  • Structural basin that develops adjacent and parallel to a mountain belt

    flexure. The width and depth of the foreland basin is determined by the flexural rigidity of the underlying lithosphere, and the characteristics of the mountain

    Foreland basin

    Foreland basin

    Foreland_basin

  • Isostasy
  • State of gravitational equilibrium between Earth's crust and mantle

    density. The Vening Meinesz, or flexural isostasy model – where the lithosphere acts as an elastic plate and its inherent rigidity distributes local topographic

    Isostasy

    Isostasy

  • Beryllium
  • Chemical element with atomic number 4 (Be)

    strongly to oxygen. In structural applications, the combination of high flexural rigidity, thermal stability, thermal conductivity and low density (1.85 times

    Beryllium

    Beryllium

    Beryllium

  • Biomaterial
  • Substance engineered for biological medical use

    another important property requiring consideration is the flexural rigidity, D. Flexural rigidity will determine how well the device surface can maintain

    Biomaterial

    Biomaterial

    Biomaterial

  • Wood–plastic composite
  • Composite materials made of wood fiber and thermoplastics

    ISBN 978-1-4665-5203-6. Hamel, S. (2011) Modeling the Time-dependent Flexural Response of Wood-plastic Composite Materials Dissertation, University of

    Wood–plastic composite

    Wood–plastic composite

    Wood–plastic_composite

  • Flexibility
  • Topics referred to by the same term

    Flexibility (abstract algebra), a property of some non-associative algebras Flexural rigidity, the resistance offered by a structure while undergoing bending Flexible

    Flexibility

    Flexibility

  • Tonewood
  • Type of wood used in musical instruments

    it can be described using plate theory and plate vibrations. The flexural rigidity of an isotropic plate is: D = E H 3 12 ( 1 − ν 2 ) {\displaystyle

    Tonewood

    Tonewood

  • Tatra 815
  • Czech truck family

    mounted to this rigid assembly. The inherently high torsional and flexural rigidity of this layout protects superstructures from the motions and forces

    Tatra 815

    Tatra 815

    Tatra_815

  • Two-dimensional semiconductor
  • Type of natural semiconductor with thicknesses on the atomic scale

    such as high stiffness and strength in the 2D atomic plane, but low flexural rigidity. Testing these materials is more challenging than their bulk counterparts

    Two-dimensional semiconductor

    Two-dimensional_semiconductor

  • Bending stiffness
  • Continuum mechanics

    stiffness of the beam. Bending stiffness in beams is also known as Flexural rigidity. Applied mechanics Beam theory Bending Stiffness Miles, A.W.; Gheduzzi

    Bending stiffness

    Bending_stiffness

  • Branched flow
  • Scattering phenomenon in wave dynamics

    medium. Flexural waves travelling in elastic plates also produce branched flows. Disorder, in this case, appears in the form of inhomogeneous flexural rigidity

    Branched flow

    Branched flow

    Branched_flow

  • Persistence length
  • Mechanical property that characterizes a polymer

    Frederick; Mickey, Brian; Nettleton, Jilda; Howard, Jonathon (1993). "Flexural rigidity of microtubules and actin filaments measured from thermal fluctuations

    Persistence length

    Persistence_length

  • Moment-area theorem
  • {M}{EI}}\right)dx} where, M {\displaystyle M} = moment E I {\displaystyle EI} = flexural rigidity θ A / B {\displaystyle \theta _{A/B}} = change in slope between points

    Moment-area theorem

    Moment-area_theorem

  • Influence line
  • Graph in engineering

    ISBN 0-13-602060-7. Zeinali, Yasha (December 2017). "Framework for Flexural Rigidity Estimation in Euler-Bernoulli Beams Using Deformation Influence Lines"

    Influence line

    Influence line

    Influence_line

  • Bending of plates
  • Deformation of slabs under load

    parameters in terms of the plate deflection, w {\displaystyle w} . The flexural rigidity is given by D = E H 3 12 ( 1 − ν 2 ) {\displaystyle D={\frac {EH^{3}}{12\left(1-\nu

    Bending of plates

    Bending of plates

    Bending_of_plates

  • Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
  • Thermoplastic polymer

    rigidity, while increasing the heat deflection temperature. The styrene gives the plastic a shiny, impervious surface, as well as hardness, rigidity,

    Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

    Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene

    Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene

  • Plate theory
  • Mathematical model of the stresses within flat plates under loading

    _{-h}^{h}C_{\alpha \beta }~dx_{3}} The bending stiffnesses (also called flexural rigidity) are the quantities D α β := ∫ − h h x 3 2   C α β   d x 3 {\displaystyle

    Plate theory

    Plate theory

    Plate_theory

  • Moment distribution method
  • Structural analysis technique for statically indeterminate structures

    couple. The bending stiffness (EI/L) of a member is represented as the flexural rigidity of the member (product of the modulus of elasticity (E) and the second

    Moment distribution method

    Moment_distribution_method

  • Kirchhoff–Love plate theory
  • Theory used to determine the stresses and deformations in thin plates

    _{-h}^{h}C_{\alpha \beta }~dx_{3}} The bending stiffnesses (also called flexural rigidity) are the quantities D α β := ∫ − h h x 3 2   C α β   d x 3 {\displaystyle

    Kirchhoff–Love plate theory

    Kirchhoff–Love plate theory

    Kirchhoff–Love_plate_theory

  • Textile testing
  • Process of measuring the properties and performance of textiles

    ISO 9073-7 (1995) can be employed to gauge both bending length and flexural rigidity. In this, one end of a rectangular strip of fabric is supported with

    Textile testing

    Textile testing

    Textile_testing

  • River anticline
  • form is caused by stream power and flexural rigidity of the crust. When stream power increases and flexural rigidity decreases, this causes the structure

    River anticline

    River_anticline

  • Mitsubishi 6B3 engine
  • Reciprocating internal combustion engine

    vibration and low noise are achieved by substantial improvement of the flexural rigidity of the powertrain (by higher stiffness of the cylinder block and oil

    Mitsubishi 6B3 engine

    Mitsubishi 6B3 engine

    Mitsubishi_6B3_engine

  • Buckling-restrained brace
  • bracing, as designed. The casing – through its flexural rigidity – provides lateral support against the flexural buckling of the core. It is typically made

    Buckling-restrained brace

    Buckling-restrained_brace

  • Worm-like chain
  • Simple model of a polymer

    Chemistry B. 106: 11628–11640. doi:10.1021/jp020829v. Gittes, F (1993). "Flexural rigidity of microtubules and actin filaments measured from thermal fluctuations

    Worm-like chain

    Worm-like_chain

  • Slope deflection method
  • Engineering analysis method

    }{L_{ab}}}} : When a simple beam of length L a b {\displaystyle L_{ab}} and flexural rigidity E a b I a b {\displaystyle E_{ab}I_{ab}} is loaded at each end with

    Slope deflection method

    Slope_deflection_method

  • Lithospheric flexure
  • Bending of the earth's rigid outer layer due to geological forces

    elastic thickness of the lithosphere and is related to the stiffness or rigidity of the lithosphere. These lithospheric bending calculations are typically

    Lithospheric flexure

    Lithospheric flexure

    Lithospheric_flexure

  • Stretchable electronics
  • Electronics that can bend and stretch

    ultrathin layers. The resistance to bending of a material object (Flexural rigidity) is related to the third power of the thickness, according to the

    Stretchable electronics

    Stretchable electronics

    Stretchable_electronics

  • Contraflexure
  • Location along a beam at which its bending moment equals zero

    facilitate shear force transfer. Deformation Engineering mechanics Flexural rigidity Flexural stress Fluid mechanics Inflection point Strength of materials

    Contraflexure

    Contraflexure

  • Yoshimura buckling
  • Pattern of buckling used in mechanical engineering

    {\displaystyle E} and D {\displaystyle D} are the Young's modulus and flexural rigidity, respectively. ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is derived from the second

    Yoshimura buckling

    Yoshimura buckling

    Yoshimura_buckling

  • Erosion and tectonics
  • Interactions between erosion and tectonics and their implications

    associated river and the flexural rigidity of the crust in the area. The combination of increased stream power with decreased flexural rigidity results in the system's

    Erosion and tectonics

    Erosion and tectonics

    Erosion_and_tectonics

  • Archean subduction
  • Possible existence and nature of subduction in the Archean

    driving force for subduction. In fact, it is thought that the low flexural rigidity of Archean plates perhaps made subduction initiation easier than it

    Archean subduction

    Archean_subduction

  • Kydex
  • Thermoplastic material

    70 mm) and can be thermoformed, post formed, brake formed and laminated. Flexural modulus is 2,800 megapascals (400,000 psi) Parts formed from sheet will

    Kydex

    Kydex

    Kydex

  • Dual Box
  • Roller skate component

    rigidity. The Dual Box design successfully eliminates the need for horizontal cross-bracing in inline skate frames, and provided progressive flexural

    Dual Box

    Dual_Box

  • Elastic modulus
  • Physical property that measures stiffness of material

    The bulk modulus is an extension of Young's modulus to three dimensions. Flexural modulus (Eflex) describes the object's tendency to flex when acted upon

    Elastic modulus

    Elastic_modulus

  • Outer trench swell
  • Seafloor ridge near an oceanic trench

    boundary. The width of the outer rise is directly related to the flexural rigidity of the lithosphere. The thickness of the elastic lithosphere varies

    Outer trench swell

    Outer trench swell

    Outer_trench_swell

  • Donald W. Forsyth
  • American geophysicist and seismologist

    Forsyth, Donald W. (1985). "Subsurface loading and estimates of the flexural rigidity of continental lithosphere". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid

    Donald W. Forsyth

    Donald_W._Forsyth

  • Fibre-reinforced plastic
  • Composite material made of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibres

    desired: flexural strengthening or shear strengthening. In many cases it may be necessary to provide both strength enhancements. For the flexural strengthening

    Fibre-reinforced plastic

    Fibre-reinforced_plastic

  • Electronic skin
  • Electronics mimicking skin functionalities

    ultrathin layers. The resistance to bending of a material object (Flexural rigidity) is related to the third power of the thickness, according to the

    Electronic skin

    Electronic_skin

  • Protaetia cuprea
  • Species of chafer

    enhancing the flexural stiffness in these areas. This structural design fosters gradients in both lengthwise and chord-wise flexural stiffness, critical

    Protaetia cuprea

    Protaetia cuprea

    Protaetia_cuprea

  • Index of physics articles (F)
  • Flerovium Fletcher–Munson curves Flexible SPC water model Flexiverse Flexural rigidity Flexural strength Flicker noise Flight Flight dynamics (fixed wing aircraft)

    Index of physics articles (F)

    Index_of_physics_articles_(F)

  • Buckling
  • Sudden change in shape of a structural component under load

    providing the ability to be subjected to higher loads past the critical load. Flexural-torsional buckling can be described as a combination of bending and twisting

    Buckling

    Buckling

    Buckling

  • Gyroscope
  • Device for measuring or maintaining orientation

    hemispherical shell, anchored by a thick stem. This shell is driven to a flexural resonance by electrostatic forces generated by electrodes which are deposited

    Gyroscope

    Gyroscope

    Gyroscope

  • Thermoplastic olefin
  • Plastic polymer/filler blend

    rigidity of a TPO blend, fillers exploit a surface tension phenomena. By selecting a filler with a higher surface area per weight, a higher flexural modulus

    Thermoplastic olefin

    Thermoplastic_olefin

  • Regional Acceleratory Phenomenon
  • Physiological phenomenon with medical implications

    ; Dunn, H. K.; Daniels, A. U.; Statton, W. O. (1979). "Effects of flexural rigidity of plates on bone healing". JBJS. 61 (6): 866–872. doi:10

    Regional Acceleratory Phenomenon

    Regional_Acceleratory_Phenomenon

  • Capricorn Seamount
  • Seamount in the Pacific Ocean

    weakening of subducting plates from trench-parallel estimates of flexural rigidity". Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors. 196–197: 3. Bibcode:2012PEPI

    Capricorn Seamount

    Capricorn Seamount

    Capricorn_Seamount

  • Sandwich panel
  • Structure made of three layers

    panels are used in applications where a combination of high structural rigidity and low weight is required. The structural functionality of a sandwich

    Sandwich panel

    Sandwich panel

    Sandwich_panel

  • Endodontic files and reamers
  • Surgical instruments used in root canal treatments

    This can be useful in smaller files (<20) but larger files have increased rigidity which can result in procedural errors. At smaller sizes the files can be

    Endodontic files and reamers

    Endodontic_files_and_reamers

  • Pearl River Mouth basin
  • Sedimentary basin in the South China Sea

    Lin, Jian; Barckhausen, Udo (19 September 2002). "Evidence of low flexural rigidity and low viscosity lower continental crust during continental break-up

    Pearl River Mouth basin

    Pearl_River_Mouth_basin

  • Polylactic acid
  • Biodegradable polymer

    for PLA due to the higher crystallinity of PDLA[citation needed]. The flexural modulus of PLA is higher than polystyrene and PLA has good heat sealability

    Polylactic acid

    Polylactic acid

    Polylactic_acid

  • Handle-o-Meter
  • Instrument for measuring sheet materials

    ISBN 9788178330112. D H Morton; A Marks (1965). "The measurement of flexural rigidity of thin polymeric films". Journal of Scientific Instruments. 42 (8):

    Handle-o-Meter

    Handle-o-Meter

  • Structural engineering theory
  • I} is the second moment of area, the product of these giving the flexural rigidity of the beam. This equation is very common in engineering practice:

    Structural engineering theory

    Structural engineering theory

    Structural_engineering_theory

  • Fracture
  • Split of materials or structures under stress

    toughness are the three-point flexural test and the compact tension test. By performing the compact tension and three-point flexural tests, one is able to determine

    Fracture

    Fracture

    Fracture

  • Filler (materials)
  • Particles added to improve its properties

    increase the mechanical properties of the thermoplastic or thermoset such as flexural modulus and tensile strength, There is normally not an economic benefit

    Filler (materials)

    Filler (materials)

    Filler_(materials)

  • Jimmy Mays
  • American scientist and author

    in thin films regardless of their shape, size, or rigidity. His examination of nanoparticle rigidity on diffusion established that incorporating flexible

    Jimmy Mays

    Jimmy Mays

    Jimmy_Mays

  • David Robert Nelson
  • American physicist (born 1951)

    surfaces, which are two-dimensional generalizations of linear polymer chains. Flexural phonons lead a remarkable low temperature flat phase in these fishnet-like

    David Robert Nelson

    David Robert Nelson

    David_Robert_Nelson

  • Föppl–von Kármán equations
  • Set of nonlinear partial differential equations

    {\displaystyle D:={\frac {Eh^{3}}{12(1-\nu ^{2})}}} is called flexural or cylindrical rigidity of the plate. In the derivation of the Föppl–von Kármán equations

    Föppl–von Kármán equations

    Föppl–von_Kármán_equations

  • Andean orogeny
  • Ongoing mountain-forming process in South America

    Immediately east of the early Andes foreland basins developed and their flexural subsidence caused the ingression of waters from the Atlantic all the way

    Andean orogeny

    Andean orogeny

    Andean_orogeny

  • Windermere Supergroup
  • loads a passive margin, causing flexural subsidence and providing accommodation space. A "forebulge", caused by the rigidity of the crust flexing up behind

    Windermere Supergroup

    Windermere_Supergroup

  • Carnotaurus
  • Genus of dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous period

    These researchers also noted analogies with modern Komodo dragons: the flexural strength of the lower jaw decreases towards the tip linearly, indicating

    Carnotaurus

    Carnotaurus

    Carnotaurus

  • Reissner–Mindlin plate theory
  • Theory used to calculate the deformations and stresses in plates

    x_{1}}}\,.} R. D. Mindlin, 1951, Influence of rotatory inertia and shear on flexural motions of isotropic, elastic plates, ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics

    Reissner–Mindlin plate theory

    Reissner–Mindlin plate theory

    Reissner–Mindlin_plate_theory

  • Dental material
  • Specially fabricated substances designed for use in dentistry

    metallic rather than white. They also have a similar compressive strength, flexural strength, and solubility as GICs, some of the main limiting factors for

    Dental material

    Dental_material

  • Polybenzimidazole
  • Chemical compound

    strength 58 ksi (400 MPa) and a tensile strength of 23 ksi (160 MPa), a flexural strength of 32 ksi (220 MPa), a ductile compressive failure mode and the

    Polybenzimidazole

    Polybenzimidazole

  • Strengthening mechanisms of materials
  • properties. For example, silicone-polyurethane IPNs show increased tear and flexural strength over base silicone networks, while preserving the high elastic

    Strengthening mechanisms of materials

    Strengthening_mechanisms_of_materials

  • List of ISO standards 3000–4999
  • considerations and preparation of rods ISO 3597-2:2003 Part 2: Determination of flexural strength ISO 3597-3:2003 Part 3: Determination of compressive strength

    List of ISO standards 3000–4999

    List_of_ISO_standards_3000–4999

  • Composite material
  • Material made from a combination of two or more unlike substances

    Gandhi, Farhan; Kang, Sang-Guk (1 August 2007). "Beams with controllable flexural stiffness". Smart Materials and Structures. 16 (4): 1179–1184. Bibcode:2007SMaS

    Composite material

    Composite material

    Composite_material

  • Carbon nanotube
  • Allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure

    the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced polymers, also improving flexural properties and delaying thermal degradation. Additive manufacturing: single

    Carbon nanotube

    Carbon nanotube

    Carbon_nanotube

  • Seismic retrofit
  • Modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity

    beam and added external post-tensioning to the joint in order to achieve flexural hinging in the beam, which is more desirable in terms of seismic design

    Seismic retrofit

    Seismic retrofit

    Seismic_retrofit

  • Earthquake engineering
  • Study of earthquake-resistant structures

    it is necessary that the shear strength of the wall is greater than the flexural strength. The effectiveness of both vertical and horizontal reinforcements

    Earthquake engineering

    Earthquake_engineering

  • Subduction
  • Geological process at tectonic plate boundaries

    Garcia-Castellanos, D.; M. Torné; M. Fernàndez (2000). "Slab pull effects from a flexural analysis of the Tonga and Kermadec Trenches (Pacific Plate)". Geophys.

    Subduction

    Subduction

    Subduction

  • Biomimetics
  • Imitation of biological systems for the solving of human problems

    has a regime of interfiber mesopores which acts as a mini reservoir. The flexural strength of the proposed material was estimated to be 10.3 MPa using computational

    Biomimetics

    Biomimetics

    Biomimetics

  • Timeline of the development of tectonophysics (before 1954)
  • Chronological listing of significant events in the history of tectonophysics

    rock density. Vening Meinesz, or Flexural Model; where the lithosphere acts as an elastic plate and its inherent rigidity distributes local topographic loads

    Timeline of the development of tectonophysics (before 1954)

    Timeline_of_the_development_of_tectonophysics_(before_1954)

AI & ChatGPT searchs for online references containing FLEXURAL RIGIDITY

FLEXURAL RIGIDITY

AI search references containing FLEXURAL RIGIDITY

FLEXURAL RIGIDITY

AI search queriess for Facebook and twitter posts, hashtags with FLEXURAL RIGIDITY

FLEXURAL RIGIDITY

Follow users with usernames @FLEXURAL RIGIDITY or posting hashtags containing #FLEXURAL RIGIDITY

FLEXURAL RIGIDITY

Online names & meanings

  • Kasib
  • Boy/Male

    Arabic

    Kasib

    Fertile.

  • Sadat
  • Boy/Male

    Arabic, Australian, German

    Sadat

    Master; Gentleman

  • Medhaj | மேதாஜ
  • Boy/Male

    Tamil

    Medhaj | மேதாஜ

    Chief

  • YARON
  • Male

    Hebrew

    YARON

    (יָרוֹן) Hebrew name YARON means "to shout and sing."

  • Halia
  • Girl/Female

    Indian

    Halia

    Aware, Knowing

  • Kohala
  • Boy/Male

    Indian, Sanskrit

    Kohala

    Spiritious Barley

  • Harid
  • Boy/Male

    Hindu, Indian

    Harid

    Lord Subramanian

  • Isam
  • Boy/Male

    Arabic, Australian, Indian, Muslim

    Isam

    Self-made; Security; Pledge; Self Made Success

  • Devapi
  • Boy/Male

    Hindu

    Devapi

    An ancient king

  • Nardev
  • Boy/Male

    Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh

    Nardev

    A God-like Person

AI search & ChatGPT queriess for Facebook and twitter users, user names, hashtags with FLEXURAL RIGIDITY

FLEXURAL RIGIDITY

Top AI & ChatGPT search, Social media, medium, facebook & news articles containing FLEXURAL RIGIDITY

FLEXURAL RIGIDITY

AI searchs for Acronyms & meanings containing FLEXURAL RIGIDITY

FLEXURAL RIGIDITY

AI searches, Indeed job searches and job offers containing FLEXURAL RIGIDITY

Other words and meanings similar to

FLEXURAL RIGIDITY

AI search in online dictionary sources & meanings containing FLEXURAL RIGIDITY

FLEXURAL RIGIDITY

  • Flexure
  • n.

    A turn; a bend; a fold; a curve.

  • Twist
  • n.

    The act of twisting; a contortion; a flexure; a convolution; a bending.

  • Flexuous
  • a.

    Having turns, windings, or flexures.

  • Curl
  • v.

    An undulating or waving line or streak in any substance, as wood, glass, etc.; flexure; sinuosity.

  • Unbending
  • a.

    Not bending; not suffering flexure; not yielding to pressure; stiff; -- applied to material things.

  • Flexure
  • n.

    The last joint, or bend, of the wing of a bird.

  • Pleuroperitoneal
  • a.

    Of or pertaining to the pleural and peritoneal membranes or cavities, or to the pleuroperitoneum.

  • Crook
  • n.

    A bend, turn, or curve; curvature; flexure.

  • Pyopneumothorax
  • n.

    Accumulation of air, or other gas, and of pus, in the pleural cavity.

  • Flexure
  • n.

    The small distortion of an astronomical instrument caused by the weight of its parts; the amount to be added or substracted from the observed readings of the instrument to correct them for this distortion.

  • Chelidon
  • n.

    The hollow at the flexure of the arm.

  • Thoracotomy
  • n.

    The operation of opening the pleural cavity by incision.

  • Pleuric
  • a.

    Pleural.

  • Flexural
  • a.

    Of, pertaining to, or resulting from, flexure; of the nature of, or characterized by, flexure; as, flexural elasticity.

  • Unbend
  • v. t.

    To free from flexure; to make, or allow to become, straight; to loosen; as, to unbend a bow.

  • Recurvation
  • n.

    The act of recurving, or the state of being recurved; a bending or flexure backward.

  • Winding
  • n.

    A turn or turning; a bend; a curve; flexure; meander; as, the windings of a road or stream.

  • Flexure
  • n.

    The act of flexing or bending; a turning or curving; flexion; hence, obsequious bowing or bending.

  • Subpleural
  • a.

    Situated under the pleural membrane.

  • Pleural
  • a.

    Of or pertaining to the pleura or pleurae, or to the sides of the thorax.