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Synchronizing the firing of a photographic flash
In photography, flash synchronization or flash sync is the synchronizing the firing of a photographic flash with the opening of the shutter admitting
Flash_synchronization
Device producing a burst of artificial light
camera using a flash synchronization cable or radio signal, or are light-triggered, meaning that only one flash unit needs to be synchronized with the camera
Flash_(photography)
Coordination of events to operate a system in unison
Phase synchronization Reciprocal socialization Synchronization (alternating current) Synchronization of chaos Synchronization rights Synchronizer (disambiguation)
Synchronization
Electrical connector used in photography
1951), shared a common 1/8"-inch coaxial connector for shutter–flash synchronization. This convergence of design is not as coincidental as it might first
Prontor-Compur
Camera model
speeds: 1 sec., 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/15, 1/30, [detent at 1/50 for flash synchronization], 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500, 1/1000, B [M6 TTL adds "off" position
Leica_M6
Mounting point on top of a camera to attach a flash unit
brand-independent flash synchronization. The hot shoe is a development of the standardised "accessory shoe" or "cold shoe", with no flash contacts, formerly
Hot_shoe
the flash and +-180° exactly halfway until the next flash. Thus, when they begin to flash in unison, they synchronize in phase. Phase synchronization patterns
Phase_synchronization
2023 APS-C mirrorless camera
vlogging-focused variant of the R50. The R50 V loses the R50's built-in flash and electronic viewfinder, but gains improved video recording capabilities
Canon_EOS_R50
Digital single-lens reflex camera
metering, highlight-weighted Flash Flash exposure compensation -3 to +1 EV in increments of 1/3 or 1/2 EV Flash synchronization 1/200s max Shutter Shutter
Nikon_D750
2022 APS-C mirrorless camera
compensation, drive modes and metering modes. It lacks built-in flash, and does not include a flash unit. 40.2 megapixels X-Trans CMOS 5 HR sensor. 7-Stop 5-axis
Fujifilm_X-T5
Mirroring of computer files
other. In this article, the term synchronization refers exclusively to two-way file synchronization. File synchronization is commonly used for home backups
File_synchronization
Component of a photographic camera
give a sensation of movement. Most shutters have a flash synchronization switch to trigger a flash, if connected. This was quite a complicated matter
Shutter_(photography)
2021 full-frame mirrorless camera
taken off. VR lock to reduce sensor shock during standby. 10-pin remote and flash sync connectors. Built-in GPS, GLONASS and QZSS receiver for geotagging
Nikon_Z9
Camera model
mode. The vertically-traveling focal plane shutter has a maximum flash synchronization speed of 1⁄125 sec. In aperture-priority automatic exposure mode
Rolleiflex_SL2000F
2025 Full-frame mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera
using camera image sensor; -4 to +17 EV, ISO 100 Flash Flash Built-in: No Hot shoe Flash synchronization 1/200 s Shutter Shutter Electronically controlled
Nikon_Z5II
35mm film camera
rangefinder to the lens to allow one-step focusing. The C3 added built-in flash synchronization, but was otherwise identical to the C2. It originally retailed for
Argus_C3
2025 full-frame mirrorless camera
Focus areas 759 focus points Flash Flash No Flash synchronization 1/250 second (Full-frame), 1/320 second (APS-C size) Flash bracketing Sony MI-Shoe Mount
Sony_α7_V
Medium-format rangefinder system camera
220 film. The camera also features a self-timer, hot shoe, and flash synchronization terminal. The Mamiya 6 MF was introduced in 1993. It includes an
Mamiya_6
2020 full-frame digital single-lens reflex camera
does not have a built-in flash as the D750 does, nor an AF-assist lamp, it has a standard hot shoe for use with an external flash. With the switch to USB-C
Nikon_D780
2010 APS-C digital single-lens reflex camera
LP-E6 battery, as used in the 5D MkII and 7D. Lack of PC socket for flash synchronization. External shutter release port changed from 'Canon N3' socket to
Canon_EOS_60D
2024 full-frame mirrorless camera
metering Spot metering Highlight-weighted metering Flash Flash Built-in: No Hot shoe Flash synchronization 1/200s (up to 1/8000s using high-speed sync, up
Nikon_Z6III
2023 full-frame mirrorless camera
Highlight-weighted metering Flash Flash Built-in: No Hot shoe Flash synchronization 1/200s (up to 1/8000s using high-speed sync) Flash bracketing 3 or 5 frames
Nikon_Z8
35 mm film single-lens reflex camera
redesigned film advance lever, a flash ready/sufficient flash LED in the viewfinder, and automatic flash synchronization (X-sync), regardless of the position
Olympus_OM-1
Family of cameras by Asahi Optical Co. Ltd
increased to 3200) and film transport. A hot shoe for flash was added and the synchronization (FP or X) was placed on a dial switch located below the
Pentax_Spotmatic
Defunct Japanese camera manufacturer
to build Leica-type rangefinder cameras, adding such features as flash synchronization, lever wind, a hinged film back, and projected viewfinder framing
Nicca
Series of film and digital cameras and lenses
first-generation 645 bodies only supported flash synchronization at 1/60th of a second. This made outdoors fill flash difficult, and so some lenses were equipped
Mamiya_645
35mm single-lens reflex (SLR) camera
Exposure/metering Exposure metering Full aperture TTL, center-weighted Flash Flash synchronization 1/60th Shutter Shutter Aperture priority, manual Shutter speeds
Minolta_XG-1
35 mm rangefinder camera by Leica AG
modes Center-weighted (13% of full film format) Flash Flash Hot Shoe, PC Sync Flash synchronization 1/50s Shutter Shutter mechanically timed horizontal
Leica_MP
2009 APS-C digital single-lens reflex camera
spot metering circle, exposure warning, AEB. Flash information: Flash ready, high-speed sync, FE lock, flash exposure compensation, red-eye reduction light
Canon_EOS_500D
German inventor (1919–2016)
founded his own company, the Fischer Group. In 1949, he invented synchronized flash light photography, which was later purchased by the camera company
Artur_Fischer
2008 APS-C digital single-lens reflex camera
450D) to exclusively use SD card and SDHC memory storage instead of CompactFlash. 10.1 effective megapixel APS-C CMOS sensor. Sensor Size : APS-C 22 mm ×14 mm
Canon_EOS_1000D
Rangefinder 35mm camera (1933–1960)
Christmas 1950. Featured in-camera user selectable flash synchronization for the multitude of flash bulbs then available. Two versions produced, (1950–52)
Leica_III
2023 APS-C mirrorless camera
memory card Focusing Focus areas 759 focus points Flash Flash No Flash synchronization 1/160 sec Flash bracketing Multi Interface Shoe Shutter Frame rate
Sony_α6700
35 mm rangefinder camera
it is attached) Pc socket = Time lag variable system, it aligns the synchronizer socket attachment and the speed light/write in 1/60 seconds less than
Nikon_S3
Topics referred to by the same term
method Prontor-Compur, a standard connector type for photographic flash synchronization Perspective Control, photographic lens arrangement for reducing
PC
2024 APS-C mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera
step sizes). To use the pop-up flash, the Flash Release switch is slid, which pops up the internal flash. The pop-up flash has a guide number of approximately
Nikon_Z50II
2004 35mm single-lens reflex camera
ready-light contact, TTL auto flash contact, monitor contact, GND), safety lock provided Sync contact: X-contact only; flash synchronization up to 1/250 s (up to
Nikon_F6
2004 APS-C digital single-lens reflex camera
focal plane shutter with speeds from 30 sec. to 1/4000 sec. with x-flash synchronization at shutter speeds up to 1/180 sec. It has built-in exposure metering
FinePix_S3_Pro
1959 35mm single-lens reflex camera
advance lever; a titanium-foil focal plane shutter; various types of flash synchronization; a rapid rewind lever; a fully removable back. It was well-made
Nikon_F
1968 Stockholm company
attached to a digital camera's flash socket and take advantage of flash synchronization and automatic through-the-lens measuring functionalities. Profoto
Profoto
Medium-format rangefinder system camera
220 film. The camera also features a self-timer, hot shoe, and flash synchronization terminal. An optional panoramic adapter allows 24×65 mm images to
Mamiya_7
2021 full-frame compact cinema camera
CFexpress A UHS-II, UHS-I, CFexpress Flash Flash External flash Flash synchronization 1/250 s Compatible flashes Shoe Mount flash Shutter Shutter Electronically-controlled
Sony_FX3
35 mm film single-lens reflex camera
focal plane shutter, with a speed range of 2 to 1/1000 second plus Bulb and flash X-sync of 1/60 second. The camera body is 87 mm tall, 141 mm wide, and 48 mm
Canon_AE-1
Full-frame fixed-lens digital camera produced by Carl Zeiss AG, released 2020
Focus Contrast and phase-detection autofocus Flash Flash Sigma SA-TTL-compliant hotshoe Flash synchronization up to 1/1000 sec Shutter Frame rate 3 frames
Zeiss_ZX1
Soviet and Ukrainian brand of photocameras
it was replaced by the Kiev 3A, essentially the same camera with flash synchronization. It was very similar to the Kiev 2, but it included an uncoupled
Kiev_(brand)
1996 35mm single-lens reflex camera
G series. The camera features a built in flash, and can shoot at 1 fps. The fastest shutter speed with flash was measured at 1/90 of a second. [1] Archived
Canon_EOS_500N
1980 35mm single-lens reflex camera
completely interchangeable. The F3 and F3HP retained the flash mount on the rewind dial, which (with flash mounted) obstructed that area of the camera. A significantly
Nikon_F3
35 mm rangefinder camera
focus lenses that use the internal bayonet. The camera does not have a flash sync on its hot shoe. Instead a pc sync socket is provided. The shutter
Nikon_SP
1996 35mm single-lens reflex camera
from 5.7 frame/s on the F4). 1/300 second flash sync (up from 1/250 on the F4). However, at 1/300 second, flash units could not use their full capacity
Nikon_F5
Camera model
SDHC or SDXC memory card Focusing Focus AF-S, AF-C, manual Flash Flash synchronization up to 1/2000s Shutter Shutter Mechanical and electronic Shutter
Leica_Q3_43
2018 APS-C mirrorless camera
compensation, drive modes and metering modes. It lacks built-in flash, but includes a flash unit. 26.1 megapixels X-Trans CMOS IV sensor. Weather resistant
Fujifilm_X-T3
1977 35mm single-lens reflex camera
shutter capable of speeds from 1 second to 1/1000 of a second, plus bulb. Flash X-sync is at speeds up to 1/125th second. The body has dimensions of 89
Nikon_FM
Camera model
Exposure modes Manual (M), and Bulb (B) Flash Flash Hot shoe – accessory shoe with centre contact Flash synchronization 1/50s Shutter Shutter mechanically
Leica_M-A
2024 full-frame mirrorless camera
SDHC, SDXC UHS-II, UHS-I Flash Flash External flash Flash synchronization 1/400s (1/500s APS-C) Compatible flashes Shoe Mount flash Shutter Shutter Electronically
Sony_α1_II
Camera model
dynamic range. The camera uses a mechanical shutter with 1/250 second flash synchronization and also has a silent electronic shutter option. Its standard sensitivity
Panasonic_Lumix_DC-GH7
SLR cameras from Rolleiflex
shutter, using two vertically-traveling cloth blinds; the maximum flash synchronization speed using the focal-plane shutter is 1⁄30 sec. 80 mm and 150 mm
Rolleiflex_SL66
2019 APS-C mirrorless camera
Average, Center Weighted Flash Flash Manual pop-up flash Flash synchronization 1/180 s Compatible flashes Shoe Mount Flash Shutter Shutter Focal Plane
Fujifilm_X-T30
2021 full-frame mirrorless camera
SDHC, SDXC UHS-II, UHS-I Flash Flash External flash Flash synchronization 1/400s (1/500s APS-C) Compatible flashes Shoe Mount flash Shutter Shutter Electronically
Sony_α1
Discontinued multimedia platform used to add animation and interactivity to websites
Adobe Flash (formerly Macromedia Flash and FutureSplash) is a mostly discontinued multimedia software platform used for production of animations, rich
Adobe_Flash
Wireless radio triggering system for off-camera lighting
remote receiver connected to a remote flash unit via a PC Cord. Guide number Flash synchronization Ring flash Flash comparison Official website v t e v
PocketWizard
1982 35mm single-lens reflex camera
programmed auto-exposure (AE). First Nikon SLR with TTL (through the lens) flash exposure control from a standard ISO-type hot shoe. Electronically controlled
Nikon_FG
Camera model
speed. This, in conjunction with the rear-curtain flash-sync, results in interesting effects with flash photography in low ambient light levels. The lens
Lomo_LC-A
35mm single-lens reflex camera
to a more conventional one compared to the PZ-1p; the shoe for external flash and accessories returned to the top of the pentaprism housing, instead of
Pentax_MZ-S
2023 APS-C mirrorless camera
Bluetooth connectivity USB-C, HDMI-D, 3.5mm audio jack Large grip Pop-up flash PASM mode dial, front and rear command dials, and film simulation selection
Fujifilm_X-S20
Camera model
120/220 film Film size 56 mm x 56 mm Film advance Manual Flash Flash PC Sync Flash synchronization 1/25 s Viewfinder Viewfinder Waist-level viewfinder (80%
Pentacon_Six
35mm single-lens reflex camera model
shutter with a speed range of 30 to 1/1000 second plus bulb and flash synchronization speed of 1/60 second. It has dimensions of 92 millimetres (3.6 in)
Canon_A-1
Mechanism that controls the exposure time in cameras
[citation needed] In addition, the typical focal-plane shutter has flash synchronization speeds that are slower than the typical leaf shutter's 1/500 s,
Focal-plane_shutter
versions use three leaf blades, while Compur-Rapid versions used five. Flash synchronization was added via a coaxial PC terminal on the rim of the shutter in
Friedrich_Deckel
2020 APS-C mirrorless camera
compensation, drive modes and metering modes. It lacks built-in flash, and does not include a flash unit. 26.1 megapixels X-Trans CMOS 4 sensor. In-body image
Fujifilm_X-T4
2019 APS-C mirrorless camera
profiles (HLG, HLG1, HLG2, HLG3) Ø3.5mm stereo headphone output added in‑built flash removed now uses the higher capacity NP-FZ100 lithium-ion rechargeable battery
Sony_α6600
2023 full-frame mirrorless camera
to mechanical or electronic rolling shutters that have a longer minimum flash sync speed than the camera's minimum shutter speed. However, due to the
Sony_α9_III
2024 full-frame mirrorless camera
center-weighted, highlight-weighted, multi-field Flash Flash Built-in hot shoe Flash synchronization Up to 1/200 s Shutter Shutter Electronically controlled
Leica_SL3
2020 full-frame mirrorless camera
CFexpress A UHS-II, UHS-I, CFexpress Flash Flash External flash Flash synchronization 1/250 s Compatible flashes Shoe Mount flash Shutter Shutter Electronically-controlled
Sony_α7S_III
Series of digital compact cameras
modes Multi, Spot, Average, Center Weighted Flash Flash Built in, Super Intelligent Flash Flash synchronization 1st Curtain, 2nd Curtain Shutter Shutter
Fujifilm_X100
Camera model
evaluative matrix, weighted central, punctual Flash Flash GN8 external flash included Flash synchronization speed: 1/200 sec Shutter Frame rate 60 fps,
Samsung_NX500
Camera model
Manual Flash Flash Pop-up TTL, Hot Shoe (non-TTL only) Flash synchronization 1/90s maximum Compatible flashes Dedicated Nikon hot shoe mounted flashes; other
Nikon_F55
Early DSLR camera that used three CCD sensors
Focus Automatic Exposure/metering Exposure modes PASM Flash Flash built-in, GN 12 Flash synchronization 1⁄90 s Shutter Shutter speeds 1⁄2 – 1⁄2000 s General
Minolta_RD-175
2019 full-frame premium compact camera
resolution 47 MP Recording medium SD, SDHC or SDXC memory card Flash Flash synchronization 1/2000 s Shutter Frame rate 10 fps (with mechanical shutter)
Leica_Q2
Camera model
focal-plane shutter. It can fire flash synchronization at 1/250 second X-sync and has a top shutter speed of 1/8000 sec. The flash system used in the M8 is M-TTL
Leica_M8
1972 35mm single-lens reflex camera
finder. There are two mechanically timed speeds: labeled "X" for flash synchronization, 1⁄100 s, and "B" for "B"ulb or "B"utton, where the shutter stays
Minolta_X-1
2004 APS-C digital single-lens reflex camera
Aperture values) New TTL Flash System Due to its hybrid electronic/mechanical shutter, it is possible to flash synchronize the D70 and D70s beyond their
Nikon_D70
Camera model
Average Flash Flash External Flash Flash synchronization 1/250 s Flash bracketing ±1/3EV, ±2/3EV, ±1EV Compatible flashes Dedicated TTL Flash compatible
Fujifilm_X-Pro3
2021 medium-format mirrorless camera
Average Flash Flash External Flash Flash synchronization 1/125 s Flash bracketing ±1/3EV / ±2/3EV / ±1EV Compatible flashes Dedicated TTL Flash compatible
Fujifilm_GFX100S
Medium or large format camera
shutter (known as a barrel lens), while the iris shutter allows for flash synchronization at any speed. The Graflex Speed Graphic models and the Ihagee Zweiverschluss
Press_camera
Camera
shoe-mounted compatible flash / remote unit is attached and activated) Flash synchronization 1/125 s (both hot shoe and sync contact) Flash bracketing ±1/3 EV
Fujifilm_GFX100_II
Camera manufacturer
645DF+/645DF. The V-Grip Air supports a Profoto Air flash trigger for wireless flash synchronization. The 645DF+/645DF supports digital back interfaces
Phase_One_(company)
35 mm rangefinder camera by Leica AG
Exposure/metering Exposure Aperture priority semi-automatic, Manual Flash Flash Hot Shoe Flash synchronization 1/50s Shutter Shutter Electronically controlled horizontal
Leica_M7
Camera model
to a smartphone and enable in-app planning, organization, timecode synchronization and editing. In a June 2025 update, the S1IIE gained video support
Panasonic_Lumix_S1IIE
Mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera
Bayer filter array AF-point-selection joystick Weather-sealed 1/125 sec flash sync speed 3 fps continuous shooting 1080/30p video capture In-camera Raw
Fujifilm_GFX_50R
Interchangeable-lens, 35 mm film single lens reflex (SLR) camera
introduced a new electronic flash-control system. Normally focal-plane shutters are limited in their maximum flash synchronization speed, because of the way
Olympus_OM-4
1983 35mm single-lens reflex camera
focal-plane shutter with a speed range of 8 to 1/4000th second, plus Bulb and flash X-sync of 1/250th second. It was available in two colors: black with chrome
Nikon_FE2
1995 35mm single-lens reflex camera
The FM10 has a shutter speed range of 1 to 1/2000th second plus bulb and flash X-sync of 1/125th second. Its dimensions are 139 x 86 x 53 mm, and it weighs
Nikon_FM10
35mm rangefinder camera
lens mount plate, starting at model E. At this stage, a mechanical flash synchronization receptacle was provided at the back just below the accessory shoe
Minolta_35
Aspect of photography history
was the first camera with a built-in flash synchronization socket (called Vacublitz) to automatically synchronize the recently invented flashbulb (first
History of the single-lens reflex camera
History_of_the_single-lens_reflex_camera
Camera model
3200 Focusing Focus Manual Exposure/metering Exposure Manual Flash Flash synchronization 1/60 s Shutter Shutter speed range 2 s to 1/1000 s General Battery
Canon_AT-1
2021 full-frame mirrorless camera
(using .heic container) Weather sealed, magnesium alloy body No built-in flash Multi Interface (Mi Shoe) shoe with Sony's unique metal shoe Supports 4
Sony_α7_IV
Line of press cameras manufactured by Mamiya
release cable. The lenses also have flash PC terminals compatible with M (flashbulb) or X (electronic flash) synchronization. A set of five extension rings
Mamiya_Press
SLR camera
excellent reputation. The Konica flash X-24 was available as for the FS-1 and its successor Konica FT-1. As the name of this flash indicates it has a guide number
Konica_FC-1
Digital camera
Center-weighted, Highlight-weighted, Spot Flash Flash Built-in, 7.60 m (at ISO 200) Flash synchronization 1/250 sec Shutter Shutter speeds 1/4000s to
Olympus_PEN_E-PL9
Camera model
travel at a relatively low speed which has as a consequence the 1/50 second flash sync speed. Black Chrome 2-Lug M5 Griptac Cover Black Chrome 2-Lug M5 Rear
Leica_M5
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