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The Fatimid harem belonged to the rulers of the Fatimid dynasty during the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt (909–1171). The harem was the quarters of the royal
Fatimid_harem
Women's quarters in the traditional house of a Muslim family
institution inside the Islamic harems after the model of the Abbasid harem, such as in the Fatimid harem, Safavid harem and the Qajar harem. The Ottomans employed
Harem
Ages, including the harem of the Fatimid Caliphate in Egypt. The Fatimid harem consisted of the same model as the Abbasid harem, and was organized in
Slavery_in_Egypt
Women's quarter of Abbasid household
nations during the Middle Ages, such as the harem of the Caliphate of Cordoba and the Fatimid harem of the Fatimid Caliphate, which also consisted of the model
Abbasid_harem
Castrated male human
institution inside the Islamic harems after the model of the Abbasid harem, such as in the Fatimid harem, Safavid harem and the Qajar harem. For several centuries
Eunuch
role in the 1930s. List of consorts of the Muhammad Ali dynasty Fatimid harem Harem of the Mamluk Sultanate Cuno 2015, p. 31-32. Cuno 2015, p. 20. Cuno
Harem of the Muhammad Ali dynasty
Harem_of_the_Muhammad_Ali_dynasty
Egyptian court slave
active as her spy. A victim of the slave trade, she was sold to the Fatimid harem, where she was selected to become the personal servant of al-Sayyida
Taqarrub
Fatimid vizier from 1153 to 1154
of the infant al-Fa'iz to the throne. This provoked the women of the Fatimid harem to call upon the governor Tala'i ibn Ruzzik for aid. Ibn Ruzzik overthrew
Abbas_ibn_Abi_al-Futuh
model of the Abbasid harem, as did its predecessor the Fatimid harem. The mother of the sultan was the highest ranked woman of the harem. The consorts of
Slavery in the Mamluk Sultanate
Slavery_in_the_Mamluk_Sultanate
from the Abbasid Caliphate, such as the Fatimid harem of the Fatimid dynasty of Egypt, as well as the harem of the Umayyad state of Córdoba of al-Andalus
Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate
Slavery_in_the_Abbasid_Caliphate
Wife of Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
the Fatimid harem. It is said that, because of her beautiful singing, she was also called Taghrid (lit. 'Singing As A Bird'). Although many Fatimid sources
Al-Sayyida_al-Mu'iziyya
11th century Persian Isma'ili scholar
his life as a Fatimid da'i (missionary) in Baghdad and Basra. He was a theologian and philosopher who rose to prominence during the Fatimid caliph-imam
Hamid_al-Din_al-Kirmani
institution inside the Islamic harems after the model of the Abbasid harem, such as in the Fatimid harem, Safavid harem and the Qajar harem. For several centuries
History of slavery in the Muslim world
History_of_slavery_in_the_Muslim_world
10th-century Iraqi Isma'ili missionary
the Aghlabid dynasty. This ultimately led to the establishment of the Fatimid Caliphate in Ifriqiya under the Imam–caliph Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah. However
Abu_Abdallah_al-Shi'i
either married or used as concubines (sex slaves). The concubines in the Fatimid harem were in most cases of Christian origin, described as beautiful singers
History of concubinage in the Muslim world
History_of_concubinage_in_the_Muslim_world
Consort of Ali az-Zahir
African origin. Described as being Sudanese, she first entered the fatimid harem of Fatimid caliph Ali az-Zahir of Egypt as a concubine. The ruler had purchased
Rasad
Fatimid caliph from 934 to 946
other figures from al-Qa'im's harem. Regardless of its legality, Isma'il's succession was providential for the Fatimid state. He immediately went into
Al-Qa'im_(Fatimid_caliph)
Final Emir of Córdoba (r. 912–929); founder and 1st Caliph of Córdoba (r. 929–961)
early 20s when he supported the Maghrawa Berbers in North Africa against Fatimid expansion and later claimed the title of Caliph for himself. His half-century
Abd_al-Rahman_III
Term for a female slave in the medieval Islamic world
the rulers of the Caliphate of Cordoba and the Fatimid Caliphate. The jariya category of sexual harem slaves were described by the 9th-century writer
Jarya
Sultanate in Egypt and Levant from 1171 to 1341
of the Fatimid Caliphate. Saladin had originally served the Zengid ruler Nur al-Din, leading the latter's army against the Crusaders in Fatimid Egypt,
Ayyubid_dynasty
Isma'ili Imam and first Fatimid Caliph from 909 to 934
المهدي بالله, "The Rightly Guided by God"), was the founder of the Isma'ili Fatimid Caliphate, the only major Shi'a caliphate in Islamic history, and the eleventh
Abd_Allah_al-Mahdi_Billah
Enslavement of people of European descent
women, in particular, were highly sought-after to be concubines in the harems of many Muslim rulers. Examples of such slavery conducted in Islamic empires
White_slavery
Egypt across all periods, including time of the Pharaohs, the Romans, Fatimids, Mamluks, and the modern Egyptian kingdom. 16th century BC palace of an
List_of_palaces_in_Egypt
9th century Iraqi religious leader
Salamiya after it was taken over by Sa'id ibn al-Husayn (the future first Fatimid Caliph), and with his followers broke off from them. Hamdan then disappeared
Hamdan_Qarmat
Fatimid ruler (r. 946–953) and 13th Ismaili Imam
through God'), was the thirteenth Isma'ili imam and third caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate in Ifriqiya, ruling from 946 until his death. He succeeded his
Al-Mansur_Billah
Islamic religious complex atop the Temple Mount in Jerusalem
the 1033 Jordan Rift Valley earthquake. The mosque was rebuilt by the Fatimid caliph al-Zahir (r. 1021–1036), who reduced it to seven aisles but adorned
Al-Aqsa
Medieval Islamic-era fortification in Egypt
government for his new regime (only a few years after he had dismantled the Fatimid Caliphate). This also emulated a feature of many Syrian cities, such as
Cairo_Citadel
Abbasid army commander (845/6–933)
Byzantine Empire, saved Baghdad from the Qarmatians in 927 and defeated two Fatimid invasions of Egypt, in 915 and 920. In 924 he helped secure the dismissal
Mu'nis_al-Muzaffar
Abbasid-era library in Baghdad, modern-day Iraq
of Wisdom", was another name of the House of Knowledge, founded by the Fatimid Caliph, al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah in 1004. Included in this House of Knowledge
House_of_Wisdom
Umayyad general and governor of Sindh (695–715)
South Asia, which were soon captured by Ismailis who set up an independent Fatimid state. The Arab conquest remained checked in what is now the south of Pakistan
Muhammad_ibn_al-Qasim
Late Ottoman period architecture
(eds.). Art, Trade and Culture in the Islamic World and Beyond: From the Fatimids to the Mughals: studies presented to Doris Behrens-Abouseif. Gingko Library
Ottoman architecture in the 19th–20th centuries
Ottoman_architecture_in_the_19th–20th_centuries
Slavic and European slaves in the Arab world
at the court of Aghlabids and later Fatimids of Ifriqiya who imported them from Spain and Portugal. The Fatimids also used other Saqaliba slaves for military
Saqaliba
Gender segregation in Islamic law
were not allowed to leave the harem. Men, aside from the male head of the household, were forbidden to enter the harem. However, eunuchs were allowed
Islam_and_gender_segregation
Eunuch and minister of the Fatimid Caliphate
(Arabic: الأستاذ, lit. 'the Master'), was a eunuch slave who served the Fatimid caliphs al-Qa'im, al-Mansur, and al-Mu'izz as chamberlain and de facto
Jawdhar
Qarmatian attack on the Abbasids
movement split between a branch that followed the leadership of the future Fatimid caliph, Abdallah al-Mahdi, and those who rejected his claims to the imamate
Sack_of_Mecca
Third Islamic caliphate
North Africa was lost to the Fatimid dynasty, an Isma'ili Shia sect tracing its roots to Muhammad's daughter Fatima. The Fatimids took control of Ifriqiya
Abbasid_Caliphate
(661–750), slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258), slavery in the Fatimid Caliphate, slavery in the Mamluk Sultanate (1260–1516) and finally slavery
Slavery_in_Syria
Small paintings on paper
developing a stylized and distinct style. The prevalence of books within the Fatimid empire was demonstrated by the existence of the Dār al-'Ilm, or the House
Arabic_miniature
Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad (r. 946–974)
the expanding Fatimid Caliphate posed a direct ideological and political challenge to the Abbasids. During al-Muti's reign, the Fatimids conquered Egypt
Al-Muti'
18th Abbasid Caliph (r. 908–932)
his reign—hampered the effectiveness of the administration. The Abbasid harem, where his mother, Shaghab, exercised total control, also exercised a frequently
Al-Muqtadir
Architectural element
later buildings of Al-Andalus and North Africa also have precedents in Fatimid architecture in Ifriqiya and Egypt, for example at Bab Zuweila (dated to
Multifoil_arch
Zayyanid palace in Tlemcen, Algeria
large audience hall, an element that had precedents in earlier Zirid and Fatimid palaces but distinguished it from contemporary palace architecture in other
El_Mechouar_Palace
Ethnoreligious group of the Levant
arrived in Fatimid Egypt in 1014 or 1016, and began to preach a Muwaḥḥidūn ("Unitarian") doctrine. al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, the sixth Fātimid caliph, became
Druze
Karnata Empire in southern India (1336–1646)
community were relegated to a few streets in each city. The popularity of harems among men of the royalty and the existence of seraglio is well known from
Vijayanagara_Empire
Wedge-shaped element used in building an arch or vault
architecture Styles Early Umayyad Abbasid Moorish Andalusian Umayyad Aghlabid Fatimid Anatolian Seljuk Ayyubid Chinese Hausa Indo-Islamic Bengali Deccan Qutb
Voussoir
Seljuk ruler of Aleppo (1095–1113)
split, the Fatimid vizier, al-Afdal Shahanshah, promised military support to Ridwan against his brother if he pledged allegiance to the Fatimid caliph al-Musta'li
Fakhr_al-Mulk_Ridwan
Court of a monarch, or at some periods an important nobleman
across Asia often included a harem and concubines as well as eunuchs who fulfilled a variety of functions. At times, the harem was walled off and separate
Royal_court
Muslim-ruled parts of the Iberian Peninsula (711–1492)
of harem guards, they were castrated), female saqaliba were placed in the harem. The harem could contain thousands of slave concubines; the harem of Abd
Al-Andalus
Period of cultural flourishing from 786 to 1258
recognized as a university. The madrasa is one of the relics of the Fatimid caliphate. The Fatimids traced their descent to Muhammad's daughter Fatimah and named
Islamic_Golden_Age
10th century Andalusian intellectual and mathematician
royal harem. One example is Al-Hakam II, Abd al-Rahman III's son and heir to the throne, who was born to Marjan, raised within the palace harem, and went
Lubna_of_Córdoba
Lebanese artist and historian (born 1977)
et el. ed. Göttingen: Steidl-Verlag, 2013, pp. 274–278. Shehab, Bahia, "Faṭimid Kūfī Epigraphy on the Gates of Cairo: Between Royal Patronage and Civil
Bahia_Shehab
City in northwestern Syria
Maland Mudiah - Luxin Nasra Qaderiyeh - Qayqun Tiba - Katrin Harem District Harem Subdistrict Harem Ariba Besnaya - Bseineh Kafr Hum Kafr Mu Mira Shaq Dana
Maarat_al-Numan
Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad (r. 991–1031)
Islam, represented by the Buyids as well as by the Fatimid Caliphate of Cairo. He denounced the Fatimids in the Baghdad Manifesto of 1011, and issued proclamations
Al-Qadir
Type of Middle Eastern dance
belly dance emerged." The courtly pleasures of the Umayyad, Abbasid and Fatimid caliphs included belly dancing, soirée and singing. Belly dancing was viewed
Belly_dance
Iran under the Safavid dynasty from 1501 to 1736
transplanted women became wives and concubines of Tahmasp, and the Safavid harem emerged as a competitive, and sometimes lethal, arena of ethnic politics
Safavid_Iran
Ethnoreligious group
(955-975) the Fatimids reached the height of their glory, and the universal triumph of isma 'ilism appeared not far distant. The fourth Fatimid Caliph is
Greek_Muslims
Sultan of Morocco from 1873 to 1894
— Morocco, Its People and Places Hassan I married eight times and had a harem of concubines. His descendants, beginning with his wives, were as follows:
Hassan_I_of_Morocco
3rd Abbasid caliph (r. 775–785)
of fifteen aisles and a central dome, which is bigger than the current Fatimid-era seven aisles layout, and the expansion of the Masjid Al-Haram in Mecca
Al-Mahdi
roles during a period of major political and religious transformation. The Fatimid dynasty, the only Islamic dynasty that was named after a woman, came into
Women_in_Egypt
Crusade
They had just taken over the Holy City of Jerusalem and had defeated the Fatimid counterattack at the Battle of Ascalon. Leaders Robert Curthose of Normandy
Crusade_of_1101
Arts of the Abbasid Caliphate from 750 to 10th century
adopted with little variation from Sassanian art, with similar styles, with harems, animals, dancing people, and garments, all enclosed in scrollwork. Nishapur
Abbasid_art
Retrieved 2025-11-04. Hathaway, Jane (2018). The Chief Eunuch of the Ottoman Harem. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107108295. Segal 2002, p. 4. Chase
Islamic_views_on_slavery
Medieval Muslim empire (c. 1077–1231)
hostages (sthe ons of different conquered rulers), and fled northward with the harem and children of Khwarazmshah, taking refuge in the Ilal fortress on the
Khwarazmian_Empire
Sultan of Morocco from 1672 to 1727
longest of any sultan of Morocco. During his lifetime, Isma'il amassed a harem of over 500 women with more than 800 confirmed biological children, making
Ismail_Ibn_Sharif
Turkish Empire (c. 1299–1922)
in 1740) and in the Islamic world. The primary purpose of the Imperial Harem was to ensure the birth of male heirs to the Ottoman throne and secure the
Ottoman_Empire
Ancient Iranian empire, 550–330 BC
hundreds of concubines secluded in a harem. There is no archeological evidence supporting the existence of a harem, or the seclusion of women from contact
Achaemenid_Empire
the Wise, an account of his travels to the Holy Land. 27 August 909. The Fatimid Caliphate is established in Egypt. 910. The Kingdom of León is founded
Chronology of the Crusades, 1095–1187
Chronology_of_the_Crusades,_1095–1187
Collection of Middle Eastern folk tales
album The Fourth Legacy) (1999) Sarah Brightman: "Harem" and "Arabian Nights" (from the album Harem) (2003) Ch!pz: "1001 Arabian Nights (song)" (from
One_Thousand_and_One_Nights
Architectural element
architecture Styles Early Umayyad Abbasid Moorish Andalusian Umayyad Aghlabid Fatimid Anatolian Seljuk Ayyubid Chinese Hausa Indo-Islamic Bengali Deccan Qutb
Lambrequin_arch
Island in the Mediterranean, region of Italy
of the Emirate of Sicily, which was under the nominal suzerainty of the Fatimid Caliphate. Muslim sovereignty was never absolute across the island, and
Sicily
Conference leading to Act prohibiting slavery in Africa
Ma malakat aymanukum Avret Pazarları Harem Abbasid harem Ottoman Imperial Harem Safavid imperial harem Qajar harem Jarya/Cariye Odalisque Qiyan Umm al-walad
Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90
Brussels_Anti-Slavery_Conference_1889–90
Maghreb, Sicily, the Levant, and the Hijaz. In 969 the Fatimid army conquered Egypt and in 973 the Fatimid court was reinstalled in the new capital of Cairo
History_of_North_Africa
Period in ancient Egyptian history (c. 1570–1069 BC)
king in her quest to place her son on the throne. Palace personnel, the harem, government officials, and army officers participated in the plot. A special
New_Kingdom_of_Egypt
Manchu-led dynasty of China (1644–1912)
of Qing officials Foreign relations of the Qing dynasty Imperial Chinese harem system International relations (1814–1919) Islam during the Qing dynasty
Qing_dynasty
(died 1007), a Turkish-born enslaved soldier (ghulam) and general of the Fatimids. Mann, either of two men enslaved by Æthelgifu in Anglo-Saxon England and
List_of_slaves
Last pre-Islamic Iranian empire (224–651 AD)
Romans and their Palmyrene ally Odaenathus, suffering the capture of his harem and the loss of all the Roman territories he had occupied. In 262 AD, Shapur
Sasanian_Empire
Hellenistic city, modern Antakya, Turkey
community increased during that time due to immigration from Christians from Fatimid Egypt but also other parts of the Near East, and Christians remained the
Antioch
Cone-shaped pointed hat, worn by Jews in Medieval Europe and parts of the Islamic world
them to wear small bells in public baths. In the eleventh century, the Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, whose various extreme decrees and actions
Jewish_hat
Place of public bathing common in Muslim societies
survived intact to the present day, numerous public baths were built by the Fatimids (10th–12th centuries), the Ayyubids (12th–13th centuries), the Mamluks
Hammam
Period of religious persecution instituted by the 'Abbasid Caliph al-Ma'mun
disputes. "The Baghdad Manifesto (402 AH / 1011 CE) - A Re-Examination of Fatimid-Abbasid Rivalry" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-02-26
Mihna
Rulers of the Abbasid Caliphate
Empire. List of Abbasid caliphs Abbasid art Abbasid architecture Abbasid harem Dhund tribe Ja'alin tribe Bhishti After the fall of Baghdad to the Mongols
Abbasid_dynasty
Islamic head covering for women
those of the upper classes, were subjected to even more sex segregation and harem seclusion, in contrast to the qiyan slave artists, who performed unveiled
Hijab
were local. But they were followed by two great and powerful dynasties: Fatimid Caliphate which formed in Ifriqiya in 909 AD and the Buyid dynasty emerged
Religion_in_Iran
Andalusian military leader and statesman (c. 938–1002)
suffered another heavy defeat. The Fatimid march to Egypt around 972 benefitted the Umayyads, who were left facing a Fatimid client, the Sanhaja Berber Buluggin
Almanzor
Julius Caesar 1121 Al-Afdal Shahanshah, vizier of Fatimid Egypt 1130 Al-Amir bi-Ahkami l-Lah, Fatimid Caliph October 24, 1260 Qutuz, Mamluk sultan of Egypt
List of assassinations in Africa
List_of_assassinations_in_Africa
Period of architecture in North Africa
architecture that developed under the earlier Aghlabids (9th century), Fatimids (10th century), and Zirids (10th to 12th centuries), which influenced Hafsid
Hafsid_architecture
Iranian empire (247 BC – 224 AD)
son Seleucus was made a Parthian hostage and a daughter joined Phraates' harem. While the Parthians regained the territories lost in the west, another
Parthian_Empire
Imperial dynasty in China (202 BC – 220 AD)
grandiose construction projects and hosted thousands of concubines in his harem at a time of economic crisis. Palace eunuchs imprisoned the official Li
Han_dynasty
Christians in Kisrawan. In the 980s, the Fatimid Caliphate gained dominance over Mount Lebanon. Under Fatimid rule, the region experienced a renaissance
History_of_Lebanon
State in western India
These fragments represent the Indian cotton traded in Egypt during the Fatimid, Ayyubid and Mamluk periods, from the 10th to 16th centuries. Similar cotton
Gujarat
Islamic views and laws on sexuality
example of the casual execution of a pair of lesbian slave-girls in the harem of al-Hadi, in a collection of highly critical anecdotes pertaining to that
Sexuality_in_Islam
Cradle of civilization in North Africa
the Ptolemaic Kingdom in 30 BC. With his two principal wives and large harem, Ramesses II sired more than 100 children. (Clayton (1994), p. 146) From
Ancient_Egypt
927 raid against the Abbasid Caliphate
movement split between a branch that followed the leadership of the future Fatimid caliph, Abdallah al-Mahdi, and those who rejected his claims to the imamate
Qarmatian_invasion_of_Iraq
7th to 19th-century Muslim conquests in present-day Afghanistan
later restored to her lawful husband after spending a period in 'Abdullah's harem. Khalid was thus born in 706 and Abdallah accepted the implications of paternity
Muslim conquests of Afghanistan
Muslim_conquests_of_Afghanistan
Islamic architectural element
mashrabiya include Walter Charles Horsley's Women and an Old Man in the Harem (1883), Arthur von Ferraris’ The Coffee House (1888) and Jean-Léon Gérôme's
Mashrabiya
Ethnic group native to Egypt
country and bring renewed economic prosperity. It was under the Shiite Fatimids from the 10th to the 12th centuries that Muslim Egyptian institutions began
Egyptians
Form of headwear, symbolizing the power of a ruler
crown hung by a chain that was part of the regalia of the Abbasid and Fatimid Caliphates. Three distinct categories of crowns exist in those monarchies
Crown
Andalusian Muslim polymath (994–1064)
family, Ibn Hazm had a comfortable childhood surrounded by the women of the harem. His early education was exclusively from women and from them, he learnt
Ibn_Hazm
Coup in pre-colonial Morocco, 1907–1908
old and had spent most of his young life within the confines of the royal harem. His mother was Lalla Raqīya, a beautiful and intelligent Circassian slave
Hafidiya
Building in Cairo, Egypt
The palace featuring a blend of various Islamic art styles, including Fatimid, Mamluk, Ottoman, Andalusian, Persian, and Levantine influences. It comprises
Manial_Palace_and_Museum
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