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Optical polarization rotator based on the Faraday effect
A Faraday rotator is a polarization rotator based on the Faraday effect, a magneto-optic effect involving transmission of light through a material when
Faraday_rotator
Optical component allowing the transmission of light in only one direction
relies on the Faraday effect (which in turn is produced by magneto-optic effect), which is used in the main component, the Faraday rotator. However, integrated
Optical_isolator
Physical magneto-optical phenomenon
The Faraday effect or Faraday rotation, sometimes referred to as the magneto-optic Faraday effect (MOFE), is a physical magneto-optical phenomenon. The
Faraday_effect
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up rotator in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Rotator may refer to Anatomical terms of motion §Rotation List of internal rotators of the human body
Rotator
Basic law of electromagnetism
In electromagnetism, Faraday's law of induction describes how a changing magnetic field can induce an electric current in a circuit. This phenomenon,
Faraday's_law_of_induction
Synthetic garnet
synthetic garnet, with the chemical composition Tb3Ga5O12. This is a Faraday rotator material with excellent transparency properties and is very resistant
Terbium_gallium_garnet
Optical device in which light entering any port exits from the next
the system is broken, for example by an external magnetic field. A Faraday rotator is another example of a non-reciprocal optical device, and indeed it
Optical_circulator
Optical device which rotates the polarization axis of polarized light
polarized and it is often necessary to rotate the original polarization to its orthogonal alternative. A Faraday rotator consists of an optical material in
Polarization_rotator
English chemist and physicist (1791–1867)
Michael Faraday (22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English chemist and physicist who contributed vastly to the study of electrochemistry and
Michael_Faraday
Chemical compound
glass, phosphors, lasers, dysprosium metal halide lamps, and as a Faraday rotator. It can react with acids to produce the corresponding dysprosium(III)
Dysprosium(III)_oxide
Optical phenomenon
material, the result is called the Faraday effect: the plane of polarization can be rotated, forming a Faraday rotator. The results of reflection from a
Magneto-optic_effect
Production of voltage by a varying magnetic field
Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of induction in 1831, and James Clerk Maxwell mathematically described it as Faraday's law of
Electromagnetic_induction
paradox (electromagnetism) Faraday paradox (electrochemistry) Faraday rotator Faraday tensor, also known as electromagnetic tensor – Mathematical object
List of things named after Michael Faraday
List_of_things_named_after_Michael_Faraday
Instrument to measure angular velocity
counterpropagating beams. Nonreciprocal bias via the Faraday effect, either in a special thin Faraday rotator, or via a longitudinal magnetic field on the gain
Ring_laser_gyroscope
Mineral, semi-precious stone
absorption and emission. Terbium gallium garnet (TGG), Tb3Ga5O12, is a Faraday rotator material with excellent transparency properties and is very resistant
Garnet
Device that converts other energy to electrical energy
flux. Faraday also built the first electromagnetic generator, called the Faraday disk; a type of homopolar generator, using a copper disc rotating between
Electric_generator
Quantum states light can be in
operated at dark fringe, a polarising beam splitter in combination with a Faraday rotator is required. This combination constitutes an optical diode. Without
Squeezed_states_of_light
Apparent paradox with Faraday's law of induction
The Faraday paradox or Faraday's paradox is any experiment in which Michael Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction appears to predict an incorrect
Faraday_paradox
Type of direct current electrical generator
generator was developed by Michael Faraday during his experiments in 1831. It is frequently called the Faraday disc or Faraday wheel in his honor. It was the
Homopolar_generator
Two-terminal electronic component
diode, that allows light to only pass in one direction. It uses a Faraday rotator as the main component. The first use for the diode was the demodulation
Diode
Chemical compound
oxidation zones of some polymetallic ore deposits. CeF3 may be used as a Faraday rotator material in the visible, near-infrared and mid-infrared spectral range
Cerium(III)_fluoride
Quantum key distribution protocol
and Bob select their measurement bases by rotating the polarization by 0 or 45 degrees using Faraday rotators. Single-photon detectors measure the output
BB84
Shaping technology for reflecting telescopes
wavelength. Therefore, the reflected light is extracted by means of a Faraday rotator and a polarizer. Small changes of the incident wavelength generated
Active_optics
Optical property
after the French physicist Émile Verdet. It describes the strength of the Faraday effect for a particular material. For a constant magnetic field parallel
Verdet_constant
material, the result is called the Faraday effect: the polarization plane can be rotated, forming a Faraday rotator. The results of such a reflection are
Electromagnetic_metamaterial
Methods and tools preceding true cinematographic technology
become the anorthoscope). In 1830, Michael Faraday published a paper about several illusions that occur in rotating cogwheels and toothed discs, coincidentally
Precursors_of_film
Phenomena related to electric charge
in which he converted the mechanical energy of a rotating copper disc to electrical energy. Faraday's disc was inefficient and of no use as a practical
Electricity
1973 American TV series or program
Faraday & Company is an American crime drama television series that was part of the NBC Mystery Movie. It lasted for only four episodes, which were rotated
Faraday_&_Company
Synthetic garnet
spectrum.[citation needed] It also finds use in solid-state lasers in Faraday rotators, in data storage, and in various nonlinear optics applications. Gadolinium
Yttrium_iron_garnet
Electrical generator that produces direct current with the use of a commutator
generators was discovered in the years 1831–1832 by Michael Faraday. The principle, later called Faraday's law, is that an electromotive force is generated in
Dynamo
Type of laser with two counter-rotating beams
for different propagation directions. For instance, this could be a Faraday rotator combined with a polarizing element. One type of ring laser design is
Ring_laser
Historical concept in electromagnetism
force in Michael Faraday's extended sense is synonymous with James Clerk Maxwell's line of induction. According to J.J. Thomson, Faraday usually discusses
Line_of_force
Optical band-pass filter used in the physical sciences
three major types of atomic line filters are absorption-re-emission ALFs, Faraday filters and Voigt filters. Absorption-re-emission filters were the first
Atomic_line_filter
transformers and nearly all modern electric generators, is discovered by Michael Faraday. 1835 Scotsman James Bowman Lindsay invents the incandescent light bulb
List of British innovations and discoveries
List_of_British_innovations_and_discoveries
Human-powered flashlight
version using a pull-cord was used in World War I. Linear induction (also Faraday flashlight or shake flashlight) designs contains a linear electrical generator
Mechanically powered flashlight
Mechanically_powered_flashlight
Device converting mechanical into electrical energy
machines were developed by pioneers such as Michael Faraday and Hippolyte Pixii. Faraday developed the "rotating rectangle", whose operation was heteropolar –
Alternator
High-speed camera with an exposure time as brief as 10 nanoseconds
mechanical shutter, the rapatronic camera uses two polarizing filters and a Faraday cell (or in some variants a Kerr cell). The two filters are mounted with
Rapatronic_camera
Direct current electric motor
electrical motor to be built. Its operation was demonstrated by Michael Faraday in 1821 at the Royal Institution in London. In 1821, soon after the Danish
Homopolar_motor
Magnetic phenomenon
were surprising effects that were difficult to explain. In 1831, Michael Faraday introduced the theory of electromagnetic induction, which explained how
Arago's_rotations
Optical illusion
from behind through the slits of the counter-rotating disc. On 10 December 1830, scientist Michael Faraday wrote a paper for the Journal of the Royal Institution
Persistence_of_vision
Rotation of the plane of linearly polarized light as it travels through a chiral material
propagation. In contrast, the Faraday effect is non-reciprocal, i.e. opposite directions of wave propagation through a Faraday medium will result in clockwise
Optical_rotation
start with. Other methods have been demonstrated, such as the use of Faraday rotators and liquid crystals. It is also possible to depolarize light using
Depolarizer_(optics)
Beam of electrons observed in vacuum tubes
low pressure air than through atmospheric pressure air. In 1838, Michael Faraday applied a high voltage between two metal electrodes at either end of a
Cathode_ray
Quantities in Multicomponent Systems". Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions II. 76:1119-1127.. doi:10.1039/F29807601119. Canagaratna,
Murugesapillai_Maheswaran
Resultant magnetic field
by spinning a horseshoe magnet under it, with English scientist Michael Faraday later attributing the effect to electromagnetic induction. In 1879, English
Rotating_magnetic_field
Magnetohydrodynamic converter that transforms thermal and kinetic energy into electricity
generator designs: the Faraday generator, the Hall generator, and the disc generator. The Faraday generator is named for Michael Faraday's experiments on moving
Magnetohydrodynamic_generator
Electromagnetic opposition to change
opposes the motion. Lenz's law is contained in the rigorous treatment of Faraday's law of induction (the magnitude of EMF induced in a coil is proportional
Lenz's_law
researchers such as André-Marie Ampère, Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, Michael Faraday, Carl Friedrich Gauss and James Clerk Maxwell. In the 19th century it had
History of electromagnetic theory
History_of_electromagnetic_theory
First widespread animation device that created a fluid illusion of motion
a counter-rotating black disc. This invention was later marketed, for instance by Newton & Co in London. On 10 December 1830 Michael Faraday presented
Phenakistoscope
Concept in hypnosis and psychological research
of voluntary motion. Scientific tests by the English scientist Michael Faraday, Manchester surgeon James Braid, the French chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul
Ideomotor_phenomenon
Equations describing classical electromagnetism
the magnetic field is a solenoidal vector field. The Maxwell–Faraday version of Faraday's law of induction describes how a time-varying magnetic field
Maxwell's_equations
American television anthology series
rotating on Sunday remained the same, while on Wednesday, Cool Million and Madigan were canceled and Banacek rotated with three new series: Faraday &
The_NBC_Mystery_Movie
In 1825, André-Marie Ampère published his force law. In 1831, Michael Faraday discovered electromagnetic induction through his experiments, and proposed
History of Maxwell's equations
History_of_Maxwell's_equations
10th episode of the 1st season of Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey
generated by the rotating molten iron inner core, as well as the phenomena that caused the planets to rotate around the sun. Faraday's work was initially
The_Electric_Boy
Device demonstrating an optical illusion
with the instrument to Michael Faraday on 8 January 1836, since they both studied this type of optical illusions. Faraday had previously inspired Plateau
Anorthoscope
Branch of physical chemistry
in which he gave his complete theory of electricity. In 1832, Michael Faraday's experiments led him to state his two laws of electrochemistry. In 1836
Electrochemistry
Device that measures magnetism
and the Faraday force contribution can be separated, and/or by designing a Faraday force magnetometer that prevents the sample from being rotated. Optical
Magnetometer
Loops of electric current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field
conductors by a changing magnetic field in the conductor according to Faraday's law of induction or by the relative motion of a conductor in a magnetic
Eddy_current
isolators are classified into four categories: terminated circulators, Faraday rotation isolators, field-displacement isolators, and resonance isolators
Isolator_(microwave)
Type of séance
generally ceased. After this experimental approach, Faraday criticized the believers of table-turning. Faraday's work was followed up a century later by clinical
Table-turning
Scientific experiment
(1969). "Mechanism of interfacial polymerization". Transactions of the Faraday Society. 65: 2503. doi:10.1039/TF9696502503. Lister, Ted (1995). Classic
Nylon_rope_trick
American physicist and inventor (1797–1878)
He also discovered mutual inductance independently of Michael Faraday, though Faraday was the first to make the discovery and publish his results. Henry
Joseph_Henry
Multidisciplinary field of engineering
Michael Faraday. This generator consisted of a magnet passing through a coil of wire and inducing current that was measured by a galvanometer. Faraday's research
Electromechanics
Instrument for measuring optical rotation
investigations. Another feature of modern polarimeters is the Faraday modulator. The Faraday modulator creates an alternating current magnetic field. It
Polarimeter
conductor sweeps part of this flux?". In the first case Blondel referred to Faraday-Neumann law, which is often considered the most general law, while in the
Blondel's_experiments
Electricity-producing machine
Production of electric current from a moving magnetic field was demonstrated by Faraday in 1831. The first machines to produce electric current from magnetism
Magneto
Setting of relativistic physics in geometric algebra
be unified into a single bivector field, known as the Faraday bivector, equivalent to the Faraday tensor. It is defined as: F = E → + I c B → , {\displaystyle
Spacetime_algebra
Variation in the rotations of wavelengths of polarized light by a medium
that lack chirality rotate the plane of polarized light, as shown by Michael Faraday. Magnetic optical rotation is known as the Faraday effect, and its wavelength
Optical_rotatory_dispersion
Property of electrical conductors
generated a steady (DC) current by rotating a copper disk near the bar magnet with a sliding electrical lead ("Faraday's disk"). A current i {\displaystyle
Inductance
moles of electrons transferred in the half reaction (number) F is the Faraday constant (C/mol) A is the electrode area (cm2) D is the diffusion coefficient
Levich_constant
Property of waves that can oscillate with more than one orientation
earth's magnetic field, causes Faraday rotation, a sort of circular birefringence. This is the same mechanism which can rotate the axis of linear polarization
Polarization_(waves)
1972 American TV series or program
rotating wheel of 'Mystery Movies' but never returned for a second season (along with 'Cool Million') while 'Banacek' was later grouped with Faraday &
Madigan_(TV_series)
cyclically) homogenized magnetic field and direct current, similarly to the Faraday Homopolar Motor (FHM). The theory of PHM is usually explained using Maxwell's
Pure_homopolar_motor
German physicist (1857–1894)
Liénard–Wiechert potential Jefimenko's equations Radiation Cyclotron radiation Faraday's law Eddy current Induction Lenz's law Electromagnetic mass Abraham–Lorentz
Heinrich_Hertz
Physics measurement techniques
temporal resolution without additional power supply. The conventional Faraday cup is applied for measurements of ion (or electron) flows from plasma
Plasma_diagnostics
Difference in electric potential between two points in space
specifically, an electrochemical force. The term was taken up by Michael Faraday in connection with electromagnetic induction in the 1820s. However, a clear
Voltage
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
rubidium vapor magnetometer extending from the main spacecraft body, and a Faraday cup plasma probe. The magnetometers were produced by Goddard Space Flight
Explorer_10
Electric motor driven by an AC electrical input
in Michael Faraday's and Joseph Henry's 1830–31 discovery that a changing magnetic field can induce an electric current in a circuit. Faraday is usually
AC_motor
Machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
wire, the wire rotated around the magnet, showing that the current gave rise to a close circular magnetic field around the wire. Faraday published the
Electric_motor
{\displaystyle G={\frac {1}{R}}} . This law is a predecessor of the modern Faraday's law of induction. For a circuit with resistance R {\displaystyle R} ,
Felici's_law
Change in refractive index of a material in response to an applied electric field
slightly rotated plane of polarization. It is similar to the Faraday effect where the plane of polarization of the transmitted light is rotated. For a nonlinear
Kerr_effect
History of animation before the emergence of celluloid film
Roget's experiments and explanation did inspire further research by Michael Faraday and by Joseph Plateau that eventually brought about the invention of animation
Early_history_of_animation
Brumaire-class submarine
Faraday was one of 16 Brumaire-class submarines built for the French Navy during the 1910s. The boat was based at Bizerte, French Tunisia, when the First
French_submarine_Faraday
Changes to light reflected from a magnetized surface
and reflected intensity. The magneto-optic Kerr effect is similar to the Faraday effect, which describes changes to light transmission through a magnetic
Magneto-optic_Kerr_effect
Organic compound (H3C–CH3)
derived from ethane. Ethane was first synthesised in 1834 by Michael Faraday, applying electrolysis of a potassium acetate solution. He mistook the
Ethane
Laboratory device used to make fire from fuel and oxidizer gases
Similar principles had been used in an earlier burner design by Michael Faraday, and in a device patented in 1856 by gas engineer R. W. Elsner. The Bunsen/Desaga
Bunsen_burner
Method of analyzing electrochemical reactions
The generated currents are faradaic currents, which follow Faraday's law. As Faraday's law states that the number of moles of a substance, m, produced
Voltammetry
Types of electrical transformer
types employ the same basic principle as discovered in 1831 by Michael Faraday, and share several key functional parts. This is the most common type of
Transformer_types
Localized dielectric breakdown under high voltage stress
Acoustic and Ultrasonic methods Field measurements preclude the use of a Faraday cage and the energising supply can also be a compromise from the ideal
Partial_discharge
Electrode on which an electrochemical reaction occurs
by the in Situ Production of S2O82− at Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes". Faraday Discuss. 138 (48): 15636–15641. Bibcode:2016JAChS.13815636I. doi:10.1021/jacs
Working_electrode
List of statements that appear to contradict themselves
lower one, particles can climb up the falling water. Faraday paradox: An apparent violation of Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. Two capacitor paradox:
List_of_paradoxes
1870–1914 electrical and chemical era
experimentalist Michael Faraday. Through his research on the magnetic field around a conductor carrying a direct current, Faraday established the basis
Second_Industrial_Revolution
Process in metallurgy
of all induction heating systems was discovered in 1831 by Michael Faraday. Faraday proved that by winding two coils of wire around a common magnetic core
Induction_hardening
Alternate-Current Motors. London: E. & F. N. SPON. p. 87. "Milestones:Rotating Fields and Early Induction Motors, 1885-1888". ETHW. Institute of Electrical
Timeline of the electric motor
Timeline_of_the_electric_motor
Electromagnetic radiation humans can see
quantum theory). In 1845, Michael Faraday discovered that the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light is rotated when the light rays travel along
Light
Electron flow-powered mechanical device
to the early 19th century, and the research and experiments of Michael Faraday in the relationship of electricity and magnetism. One of the first demonstrations
Electric_machine
Aircraft obstacle avoidance systems
potential gradient around conductors. The second approach is based on Faraday's law of induction involving magnetic flux flowing through a circuit which
Aviation_obstruction_lighting
O-type main sequence star in the constellation Ophiuchus
(October 2005). "Chemical composition of Galactic OB stars. II. The fast rotator ζ Ophiuchi". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 442 (1): 263–270. arXiv:astro-ph/0507400
Zeta_Ophiuchi
Model for flow conditions around rotating disk electrodes
moles of electrons transferred in the half reaction (number), F is the Faraday constant (C/mol), A is the electrode area (cm2), D is the diffusion coefficient
Levich_equation
Mountain pass and archaeological site in Colorado, USA
storms would be in a metal-topped vehicle as it would serve as a mobile Faraday cage. During the railroad era, a United States Weather Bureau observation
Rollins_Pass
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