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Group of positions in the philosophy of mind
activity alone. Externalism is a belief that the mind is not just the brain or functions of the brain. There are different versions of externalism based on different
Externalism
Philosophical terms
internalism). Externalism about reasons (or reasons externalism) is the denial of reasons internalism. It is the view that there are external reasons for
Internalism_and_externalism
Concept in the philosophy of language
Although he did not use the term "externalism" at the time, Putnam is thought to have pioneered semantic externalism in his 1975 paper "The Meaning of
Semantic_externalism
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up external in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. External may refer to: Externality, in economics, the cost or benefit that affects a party who did
External
In economics, an imposed cost or benefit
externality is a cost or benefit to an uninvolved third party that arises as an effect of another party's (or parties') activity. Many externalities can
Externality
Philosophical thought experiment
into the brain. This is often referred to as the account from externalism or ultra-externalism. In the BIV, the brain receives stimuli from a machine. In
Brain_in_a_vat
Philosophical study of knowledge
beliefs. Internalism and externalism debate whether justification is determined solely by mental states or also by external circumstances. Separate branches
Epistemology
Person who audits an entity's financial statements and is independent of that entity
An external auditor performs an audit, in accordance with specific laws or rules, of the financial statements of a company, government entity, other legal
External_auditor
American analytic philosopher
In epistemology, Bergmann defends externalism. Justification Without Awareness: A Defense of Epistemic Externalism, Oxford University Press, 2006. Radical
Michael Bergmann (philosopher)
Michael_Bergmann_(philosopher)
Anti-individualism (also known as content externalism) is an approach to linguistic meaning in philosophy, the philosophy of psychology, and linguistics
Anti-individualism
American mathematician and philosopher (1926–2016)
formulated an original theory of meaning, introducing the notion of semantic externalism based on a thought experiment called Twin Earth. In philosophy of mathematics
Hilary_Putnam
Eternalism – Ethics – Ethiopian philosophy – Eudaimonism – Existentialism – Externalism Fallibilism – Familialism – Fascism – Fatalism – Feminist philosophy
List_of_philosophies
Philosophy of mind where the mind resides beyond the brain and body
Clark and Chalmers present the idea of active externalism (not to be confused with semantic externalism), in which objects within the environment function
Extended_mind_thesis
Impacts of car use
The externalities of automobiles, similar to other economic externalities, represent the measurable costs imposed on those who do not own the vehicle
Externalities_of_cars
Form of reproduction where fertilization occurs outside of the female's body
External fertilization is a mode of reproduction in which a male organism's sperm fertilizes a female organism's egg outside of the female's body. It is
External_fertilization
Part of a national economy
The external sector is the portion of a country's economy that interacts with the economies of other countries. In the goods market, the external sector
External_sector
Meta-ethical school of thought
non-cognitive states. Some, like Brink, add to this motivational externalism an externalism about normative reasons, which denies that there is any necessary
Cornell_realism
Liabilities owed to nonresidents by residents
A country's gross external debt (or foreign debt) is the liabilities that are owed to nonresidents by residents. The debtors can be governments, corporations
External_debt
Orifice of the urethra
mee-AY-təs; pl.: meatus or meatuses), also known as the external urethral meatus or external urethral orifice, is the opening where urine exits the urethra
Urinary_meatus
Concept in epistemology
and externalism – The believer must be able to justify a belief through internal knowledge (internalism), or outside sources of knowledge (externalism).
Justification_(epistemology)
Structure that surrounds the sarcolemma of muscle cells
External lamina is a structure similar to basal lamina that surrounds the sarcolemma of muscle cells. It is secreted by myocytes and consists primarily
External_lamina
Academic degree that can be earned remotely
An external degree is a degree offered by a university to students who have not been required to be physically present within the geographic territory
External_degree
Conceptual issue in the philosophy of mind
latter half of the twentieth century externalism about meanings became espoused by many philosophers. Externalism is roughly the view that certain parts
Problem_of_mental_causation
Theory that meanings depend on their role within a larger linguistic context
expressions in mental languages) with the phenomenon called externalism in philosophy of mind. Externalism is the thesis that the propositional attitudes of an
Semantic_holism
Totality of existing entities
demands of external reality. Reality testing is another suggested psychological function in which individuals distinguish intrapsychic from external events
Reality
White matter structure of the brain
The external capsule is a series of white matter fiber tracts in the brain. These fibers run between the most lateral (toward the side of the head) segment
External_capsule
State of mind
Deutsch 2020, § 1. Introduction, § 3. Content Externalism. Smith, § 1. Hilary Putnam and Natural Kind Externalism. Rowlands, Lau & Deutsch 2020, § 1. Introduction
Mental_state
Quality of being agreeable to reason
agent to act. This is easy for internalism but difficult for externalism since external reasons can be independent of the agent's motivation. Externalists
Rationality
Risks that are uncontrollable by the first party
External risks are generally something that is uncontrollable by the first party. In contract law, are risks that are produced by a non-human source and
External_risk
Islamist movement and militant group based in Lebanon
counterintelligence service is divided into Amn al-Muddad, responsible for "external" or "encounter" security; and Amn al-Hizb, which protects the organisation's
Hezbollah
American philosopher (born 1946)
environment". This view, and some variants, has been called "content externalism", or just "externalism." Burge favors "anti-individualism" over this terminology
Tyler_Burge
Surgical treatment procedure used to facilitate healing
External fixation is a surgical treatment wherein Kirschner pins and wires are inserted and affixed into bone and then exit the body to be attached to
External_fixation
External genitalia of the female mammal
In mammals, the vulva (pl. vulvas or vulvae) comprises mostly external, visible structures of the female genitalia leading into the interior of the female
Vulva
Totality of psychological phenomena
Deutsch 2020, § 1. Introduction, § 3. Content Externalism Smith, § 1. Hilary Putnam and Natural Kind Externalism Shapiro & Spaulding 2024, § 2.2 Embedded Cognition
Mind
Head of the Ministry of External Affairs
The Minister of External Affairs (or simply the External Affairs Minister; Hindi: Videsh Mantri) is the head of the Ministry of External Affairs of the
Minister of External Affairs (India)
Minister_of_External_Affairs_(India)
Theory that beliefs are justified when from reliable processes
a vat thought experiment. Process reliabilism is a form of epistemic externalism. A broadly reliabilist theory of knowledge is roughly as follows: Given
Reliabilism
Subjective attitude that something is true
dependence or determination also plays a central role in the internalism-externalism debate. Internalism states that the contents of someone's beliefs depend
Belief
post was first created in 1947 as Minister of External Affairs and Defence, in 1978 the Ministry of External Affairs and Defence separated into two ministries
Minister of Defence (Sri Lanka)
Minister_of_Defence_(Sri_Lanka)
Class of sorting algorithms that can handle massive amounts of data
External sorting is a class of sorting algorithms that can handle massive amounts of data. External sorting is required when the data being sorted do
External_sorting
Behavior of projectiles in flight
External ballistics or exterior ballistics is the part of ballistics that deals with the behavior of a projectile in flight. It deals with projectiles
External_ballistics
Concept in ontology
distinction Anti-realism Indeterminacy of translation Internalism and externalism Logical positivism Meta-ontology Mereology Model-dependent realism Ordinary
Internal–external_distinction
Biological part involved in sexual reproduction
as secondary sex organs. The outer parts are known as the genitals or external genitalia, visible at birth in both sexes, while the inner parts are referred
Sex_organ
A pecuniary externality occurs when the actions of an economic agent cause an increase or decrease in market prices separate from the impact of those
Pecuniary_externality
(41.6% of GDP) (October 2024) ∟External debt: ₱5.13 trillion ($88.47 billion) (19.6% of GDP) (October 2024) Gross external debt: $111.3 billion (27.5% of
National debt of the Philippines
National_debt_of_the_Philippines
Nose orifice that enables the entry and exit of air
longer separated and form a single larger external opening. Like other tetrapods, humans have two external nostrils (anterior nares) and two additional
Nostril
In fluid mechanics, external flow is a flow that boundary layers develop freely, without constraints imposed by adjacent surfaces. It can be defined as
External_flow
Gills set away from the body
External gills are the gills of an animal, most typically an amphibian, that are exposed to the environment, rather than set inside the pharynx and covered
External_gills
American philosophy professor
epistemic externalism/internalism distinction; the rationality of religious belief; testimony; the relationship between epistemic and content externalism; virtue
Duncan_Pritchard
Tube running from the outer ear to the middle ear
The ear canal (external acoustic meatus, external auditory meatus, EAM) is a pathway running from the outer ear to the middle ear. The adult human ear
Ear_canal
Extent to which the results of a study can be generalized
External validity is the validity of applying the conclusions of a scientific study outside the context of that study. In other words, it is the extent
External_validity
B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z See also References External links 3K is an gene-terrorist organization led by the Chairman and consisting
List of Marvel Comics teams and organizations
List_of_Marvel_Comics_teams_and_organizations
Welsh writer and philosopher (born 1962)
and is one of the principal architects of the view known as vehicle externalism, or the extended mind, the view that thoughts, memories, desires and
Mark_Rowlands
Government strategy in relating with other nations
Foreign policy, also known as external policy, is the set of strategies and actions a state employs in its interactions with other states, unions, and
Foreign_policy
Australian philosopher
the semantics of definite descriptions and demonstratives, semantic externalism, and scientific realism. Devitt's secondary education (1952–1957) was
Michael_Devitt
American philosopher
intuitions in philosophical theorizing, the conflicts between internalism and externalism in epistemology, and the mental states of non-human animals. In his 1993
Hilary_Kornblith
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z See also References External links "Oh and ..." See count. The number 1 in baseball refers to the pitcher's
Glossary_of_baseball_terms
National subdivisions and second level of government of Australia.
and the Northern Territory on the Australian mainland; and seven are external territories: the Ashmore and Cartier Islands, the Australian Antarctic
States and territories of Australia
States_and_territories_of_Australia
Thought experiment proposed by Hilary Putnam
class of Twin-Earth-style arguments for externalism in the form of an argument that aims to show that externalism is incompatible with privileged self-knowledge
Twin_Earth_thought_experiment
Electrical component or portion of a circuit that consumes electric power
An electrical load is an electrical component or portion of a circuit that consumes (active) electric power, such as electrical appliances and lights inside
Electrical_load
External inhibition is the observed decrease of the response of a conditioned reaction when an external (distracting) stimulus that was not part of the
External_inhibition
External reason for a medical condition
In medicine, an external cause is a reason for the existence of a medical condition which can be associated with a specific object or acute process that
External_cause
Image other people have of a person
In psychology, the external image (also alien image, foreign image, public image, third-party image; German: Fremdbild) is the image other people have
External_image
Fruit with outer shell protecting kernel
compound ovary. Because nuts do not open of their own accord, they rely on external vectors of seed dispersal, such as consumption and excretion by herbivores
Nut_(fruit)
Topics referred to by the same term
External Affairs may refer to: Ministry of External Affairs (Andorra) Ministry of External Affairs and Defence, Ceylon (former) Ministry of External Affairs
Ministry_of_External_Affairs
Computer system that receives and forwards requests
routes traffic between clients and another system, which is, in most cases, external to the network. This means it can regulate traffic according to preset
Proxy_server
Standards of what ought to be
central debate about the nature of reasons is between internalism and externalism. Internalism is the view that normative reasons depend in some sense
Normativity
International radio division of the BBC
service broadcaster owned and operated by the BBC. It is the world's largest external broadcaster in terms of reception area, language selection and audience
BBC_World_Service
Supreme authority within a territory
and make law. Sovereignty entails hierarchy within a state as well as external autonomy, which refers to the ability of a state to act independently in
Sovereignty
Vein at the back of the head
from the back of the head. It communicates with the external vertebral venous plexuses. The external vertebral venous plexuses travel inferiorly from this
Suboccipital_venous_plexus
Philosophical views that question the possibility of knowledge or certainty
certain fields, for example, knowledge about moral doctrines or about the external world. Some theorists criticize philosophical skepticism based on the claim
Philosophical_skepticism
Medical intervention
External counterpulsation therapy (ECP) is a procedure that may be performed on individuals with angina, heart failure, or cardiomyopathy. The FDA approved
External_counterpulsation
Dispute between color realism and fictionalism
of ontological or metaphysical views, distinguishing namely between externalism/internalism, which relate respectively to color realism, the view that
Philosophy_of_color
Terms describing animal motion
other joints, for example the shoulder, and are described as internal or external. Other terms, such as elevation and depression, describe movement above
Anatomical_terms_of_motion
Type of semiconductor laser
A vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-laser (VECSEL) is a small semiconductor laser similar to a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL).
Vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-laser
Vertical-external-cavity_surface-emitting-laser
nature. Theories of justification are often divided into internalism and externalism depending on whether only factors internal to the subject are responsible
Definitions_of_knowledge
Prime Minister of India from 1991 to 1996
and External Affairs. In 1991 Indian general election, the Indian National Congress led by him, won 244 seats, and thereafter, he, along with external support
P._V._Narasimha_Rao
Multivolume ongoing work about the flora of Australia
the vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens present in Australia and its external territories. The series is published by the Australian Biological Resources
Flora_of_Australia_(series)
Branch of the anterior division of the mandibular nerve
The lateral pterygoid nerve (or external pterygoid nerve) is a motor branch of the anterior division of the mandibular nerve (CN V3). It arises in the
Lateral_pterygoid_nerve
Electro-mechanical data storage device
March 2015[update], available capacities for external hard disk drives ranged from 500 GB to 10 TB. External hard disk drives are usually available as assembled
Hard_disk_drive
Penetrative sex toy
can be made to vibrate through a range of speeds as set using a wired external hand controller, and an upward-pointing shaft set on an angle through the
Sybian
Muscle of the human male urethra
The external sphincter muscle of the male urethra, also sphincter urethrae membranaceae, sphincter urethrae externus, surrounds the whole length of the
External sphincter muscle of male urethra
External_sphincter_muscle_of_male_urethra
American philosopher (1954–2007)
Consciousness in Action, and in many of her articles, Hurley defends vehicle externalism, the view that mental processes do not necessarily have to be explained
Susan_Hurley
Rib muscle
The external intercostal muscles or external intercostals (intercostales externi) are eleven in number on both sides. The muscles extend from the tubercles
External_intercostal_muscles
Topics referred to by the same term
legislature Bill (United States Congress) e.g. Bill of rights Beak, an external rostrum structure found mostly in birds A printed advertisement such as
Bill
Property of animals that do not use self-locomotion
animals do not have natural motility, and are immobile unless there are external forces (such as water currents). Usually, sessile animals are permanently
Sessility_(motility)
Common name for snails that normally live in saltwater
snails are slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda
Sea_snail
Person who conducts an audit
auditing or possess certain specified qualifications. Generally, to act as an external auditor of the company, a person should have a certificate of practice
Auditor
Surgical implant
In cardiac surgery and vascular surgery, external support (or external stent) is a type of scaffold made of metal or plastic material that is inserted
External_support
Aircraft aft device
transport of external loads during flight. Common terms for this operation include slingwork, underslung loads, external loadwork, and external load operations
Cargo_hook_(helicopter)
Hypothetical relationship between Ireland and the Commonwealth of Nations
External association was a hypothetical relationship between Ireland and the Commonwealth of Nations proposed by Éamon de Valera in 1921–1922, whereby
External_association
Partially reusable launch system and space plane
a pair of recoverable solid rocket boosters (SRBs), and the expendable external tank (ET) containing liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. The Space Shuttle
Space_Shuttle
Height of the free surface of a water body
relative to a specified vertical datum. Over long distances, neglecting external forcings (such as wind), water level tends to conform to an equigeopotential
Water_level
Fibrous median raphe in the floor of the pelvis
muscle that unite with the muscle of the opposite side, muscle fibres from external anal sphincter, and fibrous connective tissue. The fibers of the levator
Anococcygeal_body
Epistemological theory
of the belief itself, such as its being self-evident or infallible. Externalism maintains that it is unnecessary for the means of justification of a
Foundationalism
Philosophical idea that only one's own mind is certain to exist
holds that knowledge of anything outside one's own mind, including the external world and other minds, is uncertain and cannot be conclusively known. There
Solipsism
Specification for metadata in web pages
element and its src attribute, or other elements that link to or embed external resources. itemref – Properties that are not descendants of the element
Microdata_(HTML)
M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z See also Notes References Further reading External links This is an alphabetical list of aircraft engines by manufacturer
List_of_aircraft_engines
Data storage outside a computer's own hardware
In computing, external storage refers to non-volatile (secondary) data storage outside a computer's own internal hardware, and thus can be readily disconnected
External_storage
buoyancy, while a floatplane has a conventional aircraft fuselage fitted with external floats. In some locales, the term "seaplane" is used as a synonym for floatplane
List of flying boats and floatplanes
List_of_flying_boats_and_floatplanes
American philosopher (born 1964)
In Perception, Noë puts forth the notion of the sensorimotor profile. Externalism about the mind and mental content is a pervasive theme in his work. Noë
Alva_Noë
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EXTERNALISM
n.
That philosophy or doctrine which recognizes or deals only with externals, or objects of sense perception; positivism; phenomenalism.
n.
The quality of being manifest to the senses; external acts or appearances; regard for externals.
a.
Pertaining to externalism