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Development strategy based on global trade
Export-oriented industrialization (EOI), sometimes called export substitution industrialization (ESI), export-led industrialization (ELI), or export-led
Export-oriented industrialization
Export-oriented_industrialization
Trade and economic policy
facilitate "export-oriented industrialization". ISI policies generally had distributional consequences, as the incomes of export-oriented sectors (such
Import substitution industrialization
Import_substitution_industrialization
Employment in multinational corporations' international industrial factories
Export-oriented employment refers to employment in multinational corporations' international industrial factories, usually located in developing countries
Export-oriented_employment
Goods produced in one country that are sold to another country
E-commerce Embargo Export-oriented industrialization Export control Export performance Export promotion Export strategy Export subsidy Export Yellow Pages Free
Export
capita GDP rankings, as they are most heavily exposed to export-oriented industrialization. The seaports in these provinces provide greater exposure
List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP per capita
List_of_Chinese_provincial-level_divisions_by_GDP_per_capita
urbanization and industrialization in the import-substitution phase. In the subsequent period of export-oriented industrialization from the 1960s to
Economy_of_Taiwan
The government of Ngô Đình Điệm carried out a policy of export-oriented industrialization to replace imported goods and set up trade protectionism,
Economy of the Republic of Vietnam
Economy_of_the_Republic_of_Vietnam
Economic policy of restricting imports
industries, depending on whether they focus on exports or face import competition. In general, workers in export-oriented sectors favor lower tariffs, while those
Protectionism
Rapid economic growth of South Korea
leadership of Park Chung-hee, South Korea implemented export-oriented industrialization policies that prioritized heavy industry, manufacturing, and technological
Miracle_on_the_Han_River
Difference between the monetary value of exports and imports
Balance of trade is the difference between the monetary value of a nation's exports and imports of goods over a certain time period. Sometimes, trade in services
Balance_of_trade
Exchange across international borders
transportation. Advanced technology (including transportation), globalization, industrialization, outsourcing and multinational corporations have major impacts on
International_trade
Contracting internal tasks to an external organization
enforcing regulations to prevent environmental damage from increasingly industrialized Export Processing Zones. Similarly, since the signing of the North American
Outsourcing
raw goods and refining them for re-export in order to sustain its high levels of export-oriented industrialization, such as in the wafer-fabrication industry
Economy_of_Singapore
Exchange of goods and services
countries such as South Korea, which adopted a policy of export-oriented industrialization, and India, which historically had a more closed policy. South
Trade
Theory viewing rural handicraft production as a precursor to industrialization
proto-industrialization theories. Empirical studies have demonstrated a variety of economic and demographic responses to proto-industrialization. In several
Proto-industrialization
Socioeconomic classification
economic growth (usually export-oriented). Incipient or ongoing industrialization is an important indicator of an NIC. Newly industrialized countries can bring
Newly_industrialized_country
Country in East Asia
and heavy industries, in that order. Export-oriented industrialization was achieved by tax rebate for exports, removal of import restriction, moving
Taiwan
Military leader and President of the Republic of China (1887-1975)
private ownership with economic planning, with a focus on export-oriented industrialization. Chiang also promoted a nine-year free education and the importance
Chiang_Kai-shek
Restrictions limiting international trade
policies were commonplace in the mercantilist era, but a combination of industrialization and liberalization led to a shift towards free trade in the mid-to-late
Trade_barrier
Difference between the inflow and outflow of money to a country at a given time
Britain exported more capital as a percentage of its national income than any other creditor nation has since. Great Britain's capital exports further
Balance_of_payments
Country with high percentage of international trade commodity
pursue a policy of export-oriented industrialization, which they hope will lead to export-led growth. There are three types of exporting economies: commodity
Trading_nation
Topics referred to by the same term
Opportunity Institute, an American public policy think tank Export-oriented industrialization Expression of interest European Ombudsman Institute Belyayev
EOI
Industrialized/developed countries
political economy Debt-to-GDP ratio Degrowth Development theory Export-oriented industrialization International development Developed country Developing country
Core_countries
Record of imports, exports, and net capital transfers of a country
international finance, a country's current account records the value of exports and imports of both goods and services and international transfers of capital
Current account (balance of payments)
Current_account_(balance_of_payments)
Strategies to facilitate trade
funds) to the exporter on the basis of the export contract. Other forms of trade finance can include export finance, documentary collection, trade credit
Trade_finance
Less developed, poorer countries
political economy Debt-to-GDP ratio Degrowth Development theory Export-oriented industrialization International development Developed country Developing country
Periphery_countries
Industrializing, low-income countries
political economy Debt-to-GDP ratio Degrowth Development theory Export-oriented industrialization International development Developed country Developing country
Semi-periphery_countries
previously promoted its exports, during this period the country shifted from import-substitution (ISI) to export-oriented industrialization (EOI). During this
Economy_of_Thailand
Lower relative opportunity cost in producing a good
internationally), then each country will increase its overall consumption by exporting the good for which it has a comparative advantage while importing the
Comparative_advantage
Spread of world views, products, ideas, capital and labor
Women often participate in the workforce in precarious work, including export-oriented employment. Evidence suggests that while globalization has expanded
Globalization
Industrialization in China refers to the process of China undergoing various stages of industrialization and technological revolutions. The focus is on
Industrialization_in_China
exports of the United States List of exports of France List of exports of Russia List of exports of India List of exports of Thailand List of exports
List_of_exports_of_China
Wide ranging taxes, tariff and trade treaty
Paper No. 22070. doi:10.3386/w22070. Surowiecki, James (7 May 2007). "Exporting I.P." The New Yorker. Retrieved 10 February 2023. Kim, Rakhyun E.; Morin
Trade_agreement
this growth include government commitments to stable monetary policy, export-oriented trade policies, low flat-tax rates and the utilisation of relatively
Economy_of_the_European_Union
Financial crisis during the 1970s and 1980s
abandoned their import substitution industrialization (ISI) models of economy and adopted an export-oriented industrialization strategy, usually the neoliberal
Latin_American_debt_crisis
the 1960s and 1970s is usually credited to the policy of export-oriented industrialization led by Park Chung Hee to indigenous cultural values and work
Christianity_in_Korea
Political ideology and reform movement in South Korea
"South Korean Women Workers' Labor Resistance in the Era of Export-Oriented Industrialization, 1970-1980". Development and Society. 32 (1): 77–101. ISSN 1598-8074
Progressivism_in_South_Korea
Common market of post-Soviet states
account Export-oriented industrialization Fair trade Foreign exchange reserves Globalization Global labor arbitrage Import substitution industrialization Multinational
Common Economic Space of the Commonwealth of Independent States
Common_Economic_Space_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States
Government strategy promoting industrial development
adopted Export-Oriented Industrialization (EOI) policy from 1964 based on its own decision contrary to the Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) policy
Industrial_policy
Aspect of Germany's history
Industrialization in Germany was the phase of the breakthrough of industrialization in Germany, beginning at the time from around 1815 to 1835. This period
Industrialization_in_Germany
Regional economic sector in South Asia
import substitution industrialization (ISI) to replace imports. After the liberation, Bangladesh adopted export-oriented industrialization (EOI) by focusing
Textile industry in Bangladesh
Textile_industry_in_Bangladesh
by announcing the Five-Year Economic Development Plan, an export-oriented industrialization policy. Top priority was placed on the growth of a self-reliant
History_of_South_Korea
Trade barrier
each Japanese car manufacturer may export to the United States. Any extra number that a manufacturer wishes to export must be negotiated with another manufacturer
Import_quota
included a shift away from import substitution industrialization towards export-oriented industrialization; and allowing the peso to float and decline in
Economic history of the Philippines (1965–1986)
Economic_history_of_the_Philippines_(1965–1986)
Social movement to promote consumer protection
corporations and lending institutions which have encouraged export-oriented industrialization. To become more attractive to investment in these circumstances
Consumer_movement
began. In order to promote economic development, a policy of export-oriented industrialization was applied. President Park developed the South Korean economy
History_of_Korea
Money held by a central bank to pay debts, if needed
other factors (domestic demand, production and productivity, imports and exports, relative prices of goods and services, etc.) will affect the eventual
Foreign_exchange_reserves
Trade bloc of five post-Soviet states
were used for production of oil products to export) and natural gas (which were not directly re-exported) for the prices below the market ones, paying
Eurasian_Economic_Union
Measure of increase in market value of goods
economy Degrowth Development theory Economic development Export-oriented industrialization Debt-to-GDP ratio Greed Green growth Green new deal Growth
Economic_growth
Area within India outside of a special economic zone
Domestic Tariff Area, it may export the goods or sell the same to another Unit or to an Export-oriented industrialization Unit or Electronics Technology
Domestic_tariff_area
all of continental Europe, while leaving the Netherlands behind. Industrialization took place in Wallonia (French-speaking southern Belgium), starting
Economic history of Europe (1000 AD – present)
Economic_history_of_Europe_(1000_AD_–_present)
Economic metric
identity, Country A's NCO is always equal to A's Net Exports, because the value of net exports is equal to the amount of capital spent abroad (i.e. outflow)
Net_capital_outflow
structurally changed away from agriculture, but without industrialization (service-oriented globalization). In 1990, the state sector was the key hoped-for
Economy_of_Vietnam
Authorized military government in the Philippines
historical economic strategy of import substitution industrialization and towards export-oriented industrialization; and the allowing the Philippine Peso to float
Martial law in the Philippines
Martial_law_in_the_Philippines
Overview of the impact of globalization on women in China
income. China's economic policies laid the basis of the industrialization drive in export-oriented development, and its reliance on low-wage manufacturing
Globalization and women in China
Globalization_and_women_in_China
restrictions on exports and lacked control over foreign trade, preventing the implementation of economic strategies like Export Oriented Industrialization (EOI)
Great Depression in the Philippines
Great_Depression_in_the_Philippines
Trade data, or import and export statistics, consist of statistical data about international trade, typically organized by time period, country, and commodity
Trade_data
Chinese government urbanization plan
formerly rural residents in order to help transition China from an export-oriented economy to one with increasing amounts of domestic consumption. The
National New-Type Urbanization Plan
National_New-Type_Urbanization_Plan
account Export-oriented industrialization Fair trade Foreign exchange reserves Globalization Global labor arbitrage Import substitution industrialization Multinational
Mobility rights arrangements of the Commonwealth of Independent States
Mobility_rights_arrangements_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States
Economies of South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong
substitution industrialisation (ISI) to export-oriented industrialisation (EOI); Heavy state intervention within a market-oriented economy, including state investment
Four_Asian_Tigers
account Export-oriented industrialization Fair trade Foreign exchange reserves Globalization Global labor arbitrage Import substitution industrialization Multinational
Eurasian_economic_integration
and his foreign relations enabled the export of cotton, thus giving rise to export-oriented industrialization. He converted peasants into factory workers
Cotton_production_in_Egypt
rapid development of a tiger economy in Tanzania through export-oriented industrialization. This plan was submitted to the Tanzanian parliament in May
Tanzania_Mini-Tiger_Plan
Equitable trade reform campaign
social justice, and the global export of terrorism, are symptoms of an economic system that permits harms to be exported to other countries, while importing
Trade_justice
Overview of the second presidential campaign of Ferdinand Marcos
historical economic strategy of import substitution industrialization and towards export-oriented industrialization; and the allowing the Philippine Peso to float
Ferdinand Marcos 1969 presidential campaign
Ferdinand_Marcos_1969_presidential_campaign
Chinese chemical and fertilizer conglomerate
resources like rubber, petroleum, and fertilizer to support China's industrialization campaigns. It initially focused on trade with the other socialist
Sinochem
from the Import substitution industrialization policies followed by most countries to export-oriented industrialization, which was encouraged by the International
History of Latin America–United States relations
History_of_Latin_America–United_States_relations
account Export-oriented industrialization Fair trade Foreign exchange reserves Globalization Global labor arbitrage Import substitution industrialization Multinational
Belarus-Russia_Customs_Union
World Bank program aimed at poverty reduction in developing countries
account Export-oriented industrialization Fair trade Foreign exchange reserves Globalization Global labor arbitrage Import substitution industrialization Multinational
Low-Income Countries Under Stress
Low-Income_Countries_Under_Stress
Economic crisis in the Philippines
historical economic strategy of import substitution industrialization and towards export-oriented industrialization; and the allowing the Philippine Peso to float
1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis
1969_Philippine_balance_of_payments_crisis
Alternative to free trade
simple concept which says that a country should import only as much as it exports so that trade and money flows are balanced. A country can balance its trade
Balanced_trade
Period of rapid economic growth in Taiwan, as one of the Four Asian Tigers
Asian Tigers". Taiwan was the first developing country to adopt an export-oriented trade strategy after World War II. Premier Chen Cheng has been widely
Taiwan_Miracle
Rolling stock manufacturer
develop Iran's industry sector and to accelerate the industrialization process of the country and to export Iranian products worldwide. Today, IDRO owns 117
IDRO_Group
Vietnamese market reforms beginning in late 1986
process of Vietnam since late 1986 with the goal of creating a "socialist-oriented market economy". The term đổi mới itself is a general term with wide use
Đổi_Mới
Terms that denote two groups of countries
economic trends have enhanced the potential of economic growth and industrialization in the Global South. The terms Global North and Global South are not
Global_North_and_Global_South
roles of "windows" in developing the foreign-oriented economy, generating foreign exchanges through exporting products and importing advanced technologies
Special economic zones of China
Special_economic_zones_of_China
Major city in Pakistan
part of the so-called "Golden Triangle" of industrial cities with export-oriented economies. Gujranwala's name means "abode of the Gujjars" in Punjabi
Gujranwala
1760–1840 agrarian to industrial era shift
sectors, casting doubt on Allen's explanation. A 2022 study found industrialization happened in areas with low wages and high mechanical skills, whereas
Industrial_Revolution
substitution industrialization that occurred especially during World War I did not lead to industrialization; it became a process of industrialization only in
Economic_history_of_Brazil
Slovakia has a developed export-oriented social market economy. It is a member of the European Union since 2004 and is a member of the eurozone since
Economy_of_Slovakia
technology boom and economic development. South Korea began to adapt an export-oriented economic strategy in the 1960s to fuel its economy. In 2022, South
Economy_of_South_Korea
highly developed export-oriented economy, aided by timber, hydropower, and iron ore. These constitute the resource base of an economy oriented toward foreign
Economy_of_Sweden
foundation for the industrialization of the nation." Between 1958 and 1962, the Great Leap Forward aimed to accelerate industrialization through rural collectivization
Industry_in_China
Goods import or export tax
industries, depending on whether they focus on exports or face import competition. In general, workers in export-oriented sectors favor lower tariffs, while those
Tariff
Town in Skien, Norway
council. Skien was historically a centre of seafaring, timber exports, and early industrialization. It was one of Norway's two or three largest cities between
Skien_(town)
Theoretical concept of economic growth that, paradoxically, worsens the economy
resulted in extremely export-oriented growth. Added to this were limited processing options, meaning that mainly green coffee was exported, for which farmers
Immiserizing_growth
Economic policy emphasizing exports
centuries, a period of proto-industrialization. Some commentators argue that it is still practised in the economies of industrializing countries in the form
Mercantilism
Phenomenon of state-led macroeconomic planning in East Asia in the late 20th century
Japanese Miracle: In states that were late to industrialize, the state itself led the industrialization drive, that is, it took on developmental functions
Developmental_state
Period of Indian history (1757–1947)
exporter to the extraction and export of raw materials to Britain and buyer of manufactured goods from Britain. The leading export of fine cotton silk was shifted
De-industrialisation_of_India
officials to adopt export-oriented policies in the 1980s. Foreign investment during the 1990s increased the pace of rural industrialization. It contributed
Foreign direct investment in China
Foreign_direct_investment_in_China
world's centers for diamond cutting and polishing, amounting to 21% of all exports in 2017. As the country is relatively poor in natural resources, it consequently
Economy_of_Israel
approximately 4% of Switzerland's GDP and represents the country's third-largest export sector after chemicals and pharmaceuticals, and machinery. In terms of value
Swiss_watchmaking_industry
Argentina Rocchi, Fernando (2006). Chimneys in the Desert: Industrialization in Argentina During the Export Boom Years, 1870–1930. Stanford University Press. p
Industry_in_Argentina
Period of Japanese history (1868–1912)
the US to learn western ways. The result was a deliberate state-led industrialization policy to enable Japan to quickly catch up. Japan developed modern
Meiji_era
chief crop in southern plantations, and the chief American export. After 1840, industrialization and urbanization opened up lucrative domestic markets. The
History of agriculture in the United States
History_of_agriculture_in_the_United_States
Bank publications use the notion of urban bias to support policies oriented toward export agriculture. Metropolitan bias Rural bias Gugler J. 'Overurbanization
Urban_bias
phenomenon in the rapid development of the export-oriented economy in the 1990s. In 1990, Turkey's total exports increased to 13 billion U.S. dollars, of
Economic_history_of_Turkey
Corporation operating in multiple countries
progress in income, nutrition, and living standards through export-led industrialization. Although multinationals are primarily driven by profit, Krugman
Multinational_corporation
Region with specialized business and trade laws
accelerated industrialization in this region. These zones attracted investment from multinational corporations and allowed export-oriented Chinese businesses
Special_economic_zone
country during the Second Industrial Revolution. It fostered a broad export-oriented engineering industry with companies such as LM Ericsson, Asea, Alfa
Economic_history_of_Sweden
EXPORT ORIENTED-INDUSTRIALIZATION
EXPORT ORIENTED-INDUSTRIALIZATION
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Expert
Boy/Male
Hindu
Expert
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Expert
Girl/Female
Tamil
Parinitha | பரிணீதா
Expert
Parinitha | பரிணீதா
Biblical
Oriental, Ancient, First
Boy/Male
Biblical
Oriental, ancient, first.
Girl/Female
Indian
Expert
Girl/Female
Tamil
Parinita | பரிணீதா
Expert
Parinita | பரிணீதா
Boy/Male
Sikh
One who lives God oriented life
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Punjabi, Sikh, Telugu
One who Lives a God Oriented Life
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Expert
Girl/Female
Australian, French, Latin
Goal-oriented; Ambitious
Boy/Male
Tamil
Expert
Girl/Female
Indian
Expert
Girl/Female
Tamil
Daxita | தகà¯à®·à¯€à®¤à®¾Â Â
Expert
Daxita | தகà¯à®·à¯€à®¤à®¾Â Â
Girl/Female
Hindu
Expert
Boy/Male
Tamil
Harjeevan | ஹரஜீவநÂ
One who lives God oriented life
Harjeevan | ஹரஜீவநÂ
Boy/Male
Indian
Expert
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
One who Lives God-oriented Life
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
One who Lives God-oriented Live
EXPORT ORIENTED-INDUSTRIALIZATION
EXPORT ORIENTED-INDUSTRIALIZATION
Male
Polish
Polish form of Greek Michaēl, MICHAŠmeans "who is like God?"
Female
Norse
Old Norse name composed of the elements dagr "day" and rún "secret lore," hence "day-rune."
Female
Serbian
(Serbian ВеÑна): Slavic myth name of a goddess of spring, VESNA means "messenger." In use by the Croatians, Latvians, and Serbians.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Gives Love
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Lord Vishnu
Boy/Male
Latin
A god the sea.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Friendly, Friendship, Sweet
Boy/Male
Muslim
Hope, Expectation, Wish, Desire, Trust, Greed
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
The Most Noble of All Human Beings
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, German, Norse, Scandinavian
All-knowing; All Wise
EXPORT ORIENTED-INDUSTRIALIZATION
EXPORT ORIENTED-INDUSTRIALIZATION
EXPORT ORIENTED-INDUSTRIALIZATION
EXPORT ORIENTED-INDUSTRIALIZATION
EXPORT ORIENTED-INDUSTRIALIZATION
v. t.
To wrest from an unwilling person by physical force, menace, duress, torture, or any undue or illegal exercise of power or ingenuity; to wrench away (from); to tear away; to wring (from); to exact; as, to extort contributions from the vanquished; to extort confessions of guilt; to extort a promise; to extort payment of a debt.
n.
A native or inhabitant of the Orient or some Eastern part of the world; an Asiatic.
v. t.
To export again, as what has been imported.
n.
That which is exported; a commodity conveyed from one country or State to another in the way of traffic; -- used chiefly in the plural, exports.
v. i.
To emit the last breath; to breathe out the life; to die; as, to expire calmly; to expire in agony.
n.
A port on the seashore, or one accessible for seagoing vessels. Also used adjectively; as, a seaport town.
imp. & p. p.
of Export
a.
Of or pertaining to the orient or east; eastern; concerned with the East or Orientalism; -- opposed to occidental; as, Oriental countries.
a.
Eastern; oriental.
v. t.
To bring in from abroad; to introduce from without; especially, to bring (wares or merchandise) into a place or country from a foreign country, in the transactions of commerce; -- opposed to export. We import teas from China, coffee from Brasil, etc.
v. i.
To import or export in violation of the customs laws.
v. t.
To expound; to explain; also, to expose; to imperil.
v. t.
To import or export secretly, contrary to the law; to import or export without paying the duties imposed by law; as, to smuggle lace.
a.
Having three prongs; trident; tridentate; as, a tridented mace.
n.
The act of exporting; exportation; as, to prohibit the export of wheat or tobacco.
v. t.
Sound; noise; as, the report of a pistol or cannon.
n.
Commodity exported; an export.
n.
An expert or experienced person; one instructed by experience; one who has skill, experience, or extensive knowledge in his calling or in any special branch of learning.
a.
Taught by use, practice, or experience, experienced; having facility of operation or performance from practice; knowing and ready from much practice; clever; skillful; as, an expert surgeon; expert in chess or archery.
v. t.
To carry or send abroad, or out of a country, especially to foreign countries, as merchandise or commodities in the way of commerce; -- the opposite of import; as, to export grain, cotton, cattle, goods, etc.