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Clay soil prone to swelling and shrinking
Expansive clay, also called expansive soil, is a clay soil prone to large volume changes (swelling and shrinking) directly related to changes in water
Expansive_clay
Fine grained natural soil
less than 40% clay are called loam. Soils high in swelling clays (expansive clay), which are clay minerals that readily expand in volume when they absorb
Clay
Topics referred to by the same term
Expansivity may refer to: Expansive homeomorphism Expansive Poetry Expansive clay Expansive Catasetum Expansive drill bit Expansive Heart Expansion (disambiguation)
Expansivity
Building material of earth and organic materials
more than half the clay content should be expansive clays, with the remainder non-expansive illite or kaolinite. Too much expansive clay results in uneven
Adobe
Fine-grained aluminium phyllosilicates
interstitial spaces filled with clay minerals. Clay chemistry Expansive clay – Clay soil prone to swelling and shrinking Mudstone/clays on planet Mars Aeolis quadrangle –
Clay_mineral
is problematic and is known as shrink–swell soil, or expansive soil. The amount of certain clay minerals that are present, such as montmorillonite and
Shrink–swell_capacity
Type of hydraulic barrier
Bentonite composed predominantly (>70%) of montmorillonite or other expansive clays, are preferred and most commonly used in GCLs. A general GCL construction
Geosynthetic_clay_liner
Geologic formation in the United States
2023-05-21. Retrieved 2023-05-21. "YAZOO CLAY: Engineering Aspects and Environmental Geology of an Expansive Clay" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF)
Yazoo_Clay
American politician from Kentucky (1810–1903)
the Irvinton House Museum in Richmond, Kentucky. In 1853, Clay granted 10 acres of his expansive lands to John G. Fee, an abolitionist who founded the town
Cassius_Marcellus_Clay
Systems that categorize the world's climates
Green, Eric. "Foundations of Expansive Clay Soil" (PDF). Archived from the original (Part 1 – The Science of Expansive Clay) on 27 May 2008. "3 Land Resources"
Climate_classification
Type of building foundation
not be used in areas with expansive clay soil. While elevated structural slabs actually perform better on expansive clays, it is generally accepted by
Shallow_foundation
Building material
primarily from an appropriate mix of fairly dry inorganic subsoil, non-expansive clay, sand, and aggregate. Forming compressed earth blocks requires dampening
Compressed_earth_block
blackland prairies and is the Texas state soil. The series is composed of expansive clays and is considered one of the classic vertisols. Houston black soils
Houston_black_(soil)
Clay-rich soil, prone to cracking
species to grow, and forest is uncommon. Vertisols have a high content of expansive clay minerals (many of them belonging to the montmorillonites) that form
Vertisol
Lowest and supporting layer of a structure
cause problems to the structure which the foundation is supporting. Expansive clay soils can also cause problems. Underpinning Structural settlement Interference
Foundation_(engineering)
Building or other structure made largely from soil
65% – 75%. Soils with low clay content, or with no more than 15% non-expansive clay, are suitable for stabilized earth. The clay percentage may be reduced
Earth_structure
Magical substance in Chinese mythology
various forms of expansive clay. Generally impervious to water, clays are useful in creating the core of earthen dams. Expansive clays, in particular,
Xirang
be caused by frost heave or the swelling of expansive soils. Expansive soils, such as certain types of clay, may swell as a result of canal discharge,
Canal_lining
Rail infrastructure
effective in attenuating heaving of expansive subgrade clay soils. A field test project on Amtrak's NE Corridor suffering clay mud-pumping demonstrated how the
Railway_track
Underground wall placed to block plant roots
McManus. Published Vol 5, No3, September 1996 Road and Transport Research Expansive Clay soils and Vegetative influence on shallow foundations, ASCE Geotechnical
Root_barrier
New Zealand technical standard for timber-framed buildings
capacity of 300 kilopascals (6,300 lb/ft2). Soils such as sand, peat and expansive clay, and areas subject to subsidence or liquefaction are not considered
NZS_3604
Nutrient within the soil
occurs when soils dry and the potassium is bonded between layers of 2:1 expansive clay minerals such as illite, vermiculite or montmorillonite. Under certain
Plant_nutrients_in_soil
Airport in Utah, United States
reconstruction of its lone runway. Officials found soil issues from expansive clay at the airport only a few years after its opening, and sealed cracks
St._George_Regional_Airport
Mineral mixture of phyllosilicates
portal Argillaceous minerals Bentonite Clay Clay chemistry Clay mineral Clay–water interaction Expansive clay Hectorite Montmorillonite Nontronite Saponite
Smectite
Modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity
performance. In many modern tract homes, especially those built upon expansive (clay) soil the building is constructed upon a single and relatively thick
Seismic_retrofit
blackland prairies were some of the first areas farmed in Texas. Highly expansive clays with characteristic dark coloration, called the Houston Black series
Geography_of_Texas
Exchange of ions between an electrolyte solution and a solid
ion-exchange capacity determines the swelling capacity of swelling or expansive clay such as montmorillonite, which can be used to "capture" pollutants and
Ion_exchange
By-products of coal combustion
Stabilization can be used to treat a wide range of sub-grade materials from expansive clays to granular materials. Stabilization can be achieved with a variety
Coal_combustion_products
Study of properties of soil earthworks
codes, at a water content of 50%[clarification needed] for expansive soils, like expansive clays. Hydraulic conductivity tests There are several tests available
Geotechnical_investigation
American political party (1792–1824)
Madison as a key adviser and ally in Congress. Hamilton implemented an expansive economic program, establishing the First Bank of the United States, and
Democratic-Republican_Party
had buckled, distorted & sagged, with Horsham's constant problem of expansive clay soils. Council took the builders and designers to court and won the
Wimmera Regional Library Corporation
Wimmera_Regional_Library_Corporation
Species of flowering plant in the mallow family
In Spain, all known wild populations of M. sherardiana occupy heavy, expansive clay soils (vertisols), typically in ruderal‑arvense or pastizal‑cardal communities
Malvella_sherardiana
Process of soil formation
regions are also apt to accumulate carbonates and certain types of expansive clays (calcrete or caliche horizons). In tropical soils, when the soil has
Soil_formation
- Erosion - European Soil Bureau Network - European Soil Database - Expansive clay Factors affecting permeability of soils - Fech fech - Fen - Ferrallitisation
Index of soil-related articles
Index_of_soil-related_articles
the paper “Use of Geosynthetics to Mitigate Problems Associated with Expansive Clay Subgrades.” Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 279–302. "Jorge G. Zornberg, Ph.D.,
Jorge_G._Zornberg
Triassic age unit of sedimentary rock in Australia
from Bringelly Shale may exhibit significant effects associated with expansive clays, particularly on moderate slopes where soils are younger and show reduced
Bringelly_Shale
2002 Bengali film
Matir Moina (Bengali: মাটির ময়না; also known in English as The Clay Bird) is a 2002 Bengali war-drama film written and directed by Tareque Masud. It was
Matir_Moina
Municipal park in Victoria, Australia
Melbourne. The soils are generally uniform shallow dark grey textured expansive clays over basalt with some rocky outcrops. Grasses, in particular kangaroo
Johnson_Park
Spanish geotechnical academic
behavior of unsaturated expansive clays that incorporates two structural levels: the microstructural level, wherein the clay minerals' basic swelling
Antonio_Gens
American businessman (1893–1943)
the company, he set the goal of producing one bomber per hour at Ford's expansive Willow Run manufacturing complex, where the B-24 was produced. It was
Edsel_Ford
American underground space leasing corporation
of expansive quarrying operations from the mid-20th century onward. Sideways tunneling into the hills surrounding Kansas City created an expansive network
SubTropolis
2007 studio album by Bloc Party
string, synth, drum machine, sample, and ambient noise tracks to create an expansive, hyper-stereophonic final product. After finishing the instrumental album
A_Weekend_in_the_City
German war criminal (1906–1967)
"participating in a common design to commit war crimes." According to this expansive charge, the prosecution was not required to show that Koch or any of her
Ilse_Koch
Damage to concrete affecting its mechanical strength and its durability
attack under wet conditions. Chemical damage is caused by the formation of expansive products produced by chemical reactions (from carbonatation, chlorides
Concrete_degradation
1998 studio album by Duster
through Up Records. Written and recorded primarily by founding members Clay Parton and Canaan Dove Amber, the album was produced at Low Space Orbit,
Stratosphere_(Duster_album)
Recreating faces from skeletal remains
because the underlying bone is limited and the possibility of variation is expansive. The nasal profile is constructed by first measuring the width of the
Forensic facial reconstruction
Forensic_facial_reconstruction
Luxury hotel with recording studio, known for its musician and filmmaker clientele
located on 3 1/4 acres. Cavatina, the hotel restaurant, is popular for an expansive al fresco dining area and Bar 1200 was the original Whiskey Bar. NightBird
Sunset_Marquis_Hotel
Capital and most populous city of DR Congo
the southern shores of the Pool Malebo on the Congo River. It forms an expansive crescent across flat, low-lying terrain at an average altitude of about
Kinshasa
Ancient Mesopotamian civilization from 3300 to 1900 BC
is the custom of the land... He drank the beer—seven jugs! and became expansive and sang with joy!" The Sumerians practiced similar irrigation techniques
Sumer
American political strategist (born 1974)
the organization established the highly controversial Project 2025, an expansive plan to overhaul the government under a new Republican administration
Kevin Roberts (political strategist)
Kevin_Roberts_(political_strategist)
Expansive chemical reaction damaging concrete
types are: the alkali–silicate reaction, in which layer silicate minerals (clay minerals), sometimes present as impurities, are attacked, and; the alkali–carbonate
Alkali–aggregate_reaction
were systematically arranged in rows, with clay from the Persian Gulf serving as the binding agent. This clay was also employed to coat wall surfaces, both
Architecture_of_Qatar
Vertical nested structure like tightly packed ice cream cones stacked inside one another
from a decrease in pore pressure Formation during early diagenesis by expansive mineral growth (force of crystal growth), in which the cones are produced
Cone-in-cone_structures
2005 book by Richard Weingardt
whose work includes Floyd Casey Stadium and solutions to deal with expansive clays. Tung-Yen Lin, a structural engineer who was the pioneer of standardizing
Engineering_Legends
1990 film by Paul Verhoeven
of the most expensive films made in its time), filming took place on expansive sets at Estudios Churubusco in Mexico over six months. Cast and crew experienced
Total_Recall_(1990_film)
South African civil engineer
postgraduate courses. His research interests predominantly revolved around expansive clays, collapsible sands, dolomite sinkholes and tailings dams. He remained
Jeremiah Edmund Bowden Jennings
Jeremiah_Edmund_Bowden_Jennings
British and American filmmaker (born 1970)
Joy 2015, p. 3. Lewis-Kraus, Gideon (30 October 2014). "The Exacting, Expansive Mind of Christopher Nolan". The New York Times. Archived from the original
Christopher_Nolan
Technology hub in California, United States
parts of "the San Francisco Peninsula and Santa Clara Valley". Before the expansive growth of the tech industry, the region had been the largest fruit-producing
Silicon_Valley
Hydraulic binder used in the composition of mortar and concrete
a controlled bond with masonry blocks. Expansive cements contain, in addition to Portland clinker, expansive clinkers (usually sulfoaluminate clinkers)
Cement
2024 studio album by Beyoncé
year-end lists; critics stated that the album's genre experimentation, expansive scope and eclectic references aided an ambitious reimagining of Americana
Cowboy_Carter
Tomb monument by Gianlorenzo Bernini
die". The plinth is in black, as a sign of mourning for the Pope. The expansive billowing drapery of dark Sicilian jasper contrasts dramatically with
Tomb_of_Pope_Alexander_VII
2023 film directed by Sam Fell
bristling with security systems. Inside, Molly and Frizzle discover an expansive amusement area, where the other chickens — all wearing numbered electronic
Chicken Run: Dawn of the Nugget
Chicken_Run:_Dawn_of_the_Nugget
Martian volcano, highest point on Mars
increases the atmosphere's scale height; in other words, Mars's atmosphere is expansive and does not drop off in density with height as sharply as Earth's. The
Olympus_Mons
President of the United States from 1923 to 1929
established the United States Border Patrol; and oversaw a period of rapid and expansive economic growth known as the "Roaring Twenties", leaving office with considerable
Calvin_Coolidge
3rd millennium BC, objects of worship were personified and became an expansive cast of divinities with particular functions. The last stages of Mesopotamian
Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion
Era in Greece from (c. 1200 – c. 800 BC)
Knossos, continued to be occupied; the fact that other sites experienced an expansive "boom time" of a generation or two before they were abandoned has been
Greek_Dark_Ages
Breed of goldfish
of their time at or near the bottom of the aquarium; however, a more expansive color range can be found among these hybrids, with metallic specimens
Celestial_Eye
Igbo ceremonial building
occurrences; they were not designed as shrines. They were built out of anthill clay with the goal of eventually decomposing and returning to Ala, the earth goddess
Mbari_house
the dry state when dealing with materials rich in clays expansive. The texture is silty clay to clay. Their pH ranges from neutral to moderately alkaline
Bujeo
1820 United States federal legislation
Revolution, indeed as the fulfillment of Jefferson's early vision of an expansive republic populated by independent farmers unburdened by the one legacy
Missouri_Compromise
South African engineer
Terry Pidgeon and Peter Day also collaborated on a 1985 paper on expansive clays. This was key to highlighting that the shear strength along existing
A._A._B._Williams
Systems for conveying fluids
constructed latrines, constructed atop interconnecting fired clay sewer pipes, c. 3200 BCE. Clay pipes were later used in the Hittite city of Hattusa. They
Plumbing
Country in South Asia
florescence between 2600 and 1900 B.C. Of the three, the Indus was the most expansive, extending from today's northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and India."
Pakistan
American singer (born 1943)
Franzen, Marty (September 7, 2012). "Barry Manilow will dip into his expansive portfolio". Burlington County Times. Retrieved July 25, 2024. "New Manilow
Barry_Manilow
American political party
the issue of Black suffrage even while embracing civil equality and the expansive federal authority observed throughout the American Civil War. They were
Republican Party (United States)
Republican_Party_(United_States)
Ghanaian artist and author
Mahama is the founder of the Savannah Centre for Contemporary Art (SCCA), Red Clay Studio, and Nkrumah Voli-ni in Tamale, which serve as platforms for exhibitions
Ibrahim_Mahama_(artist)
the first nation to industrialise. During the 19th century, through its expansive colonial empire and technological superiority, Britain had a preeminent
Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom
Natural history museum in Atlanta, Georgia, USA
permanent exhibitions and regularly hosts temporary exhibitions in its expansive facility, designed by Graham Gund Architects. Giants of the Mesozoic,
Fernbank Museum of Natural History
Fernbank_Museum_of_Natural_History
American film
Mitovich, Matt Webb (June 5, 2024). "Road House Sequel Will Be 'Bigger' and 'Expansive,' Says Jake Gyllenhaal". TV Line. Retrieved June 11, 2024. Kit, Borys
Road_House_(franchise)
U.S. state
McCaffrey, Scott (April 5, 2024). "Despite current travails, VRE looks to an expansive future". GazetteLeader. Retrieved May 2, 2024. "Amtrak Virginia Sets Another
Virginia
Nuer people's homeland in South Sudan
Geomorphologically, Nuerland is characterised by expansive flat savannah dominated by loam soil, with smaller areas of clay, silt, and sandy soil. These physical
Nuerland
Freedom limited by the need for social order
implicit in the concept of ordered liberty." This approach argues for a more expansive view of protected liberties, recognizing that understanding fundamental
Ordered_liberty
"city", but it also means "capital") Arinosa, Utah a ghost town in Utah's expansive Great Salt Lake Desert Arispie Township, Bureau County, Illinois (named
List of place names of Spanish origin in the United States
List_of_place_names_of_Spanish_origin_in_the_United_States
persistent 19th and 20th century narrative casts the Haudenosaunee as "an expansive military and political power ... [who] subjugated their enemies by violent
History_of_the_Haudenosaunee
Alkali-reaction affecting impure dolomite aggregates with formation of expansive brucite
hydroxide, Ca(OH) 2. However, impure dolomitic aggregates also often contain clay impurities, and small amounts of pyrite (FeS 2) and organic matter. The alkali-carbonate
Alkali–carbonate_reaction
2013 EF3 tornado in Oklahoma, U.S.
89 km/h) within a few minutes, multiple vortices within and around, and an expansive translucent outer circulation without a full condensation funnel while
2013_El_Reno_tornado
occur. The crowdsourced Mass Shooting Tracker project applies the most expansive definition: four or more shot in any incident, including the perpetrator
List of mass shootings in the United States in 2026
List_of_mass_shootings_in_the_United_States_in_2026
2024 video game
Terminids. As a result of many costly battles, the Helldivers embarked on an expansive project to construct the Democracy Space Station (DSS), a massive orbital
Helldivers_2
Theater of World War II
States was impossible, and instead envisaged that rapid, aggressive and expansive conquest would force the US to agree to a negotiated peace that would
Pacific_War
U.S. National Recreation Area surrounding San Francisco Bay Area
mostly on the West Side of the city. The park is as diverse as it is expansive; it contains famous tourist attractions such as Muir Woods National Monument
Golden Gate National Recreation Area
Golden_Gate_National_Recreation_Area
1982 film directed by Clint Eastwood
better". David Grove of MovieWeb wrote in 2024 that while the film's "expansive budget was antithetical to Eastwood’s core efficiency, the result was
Firefox_(film)
American media franchise
Filmation animated series), and many others; eventually ending up with the expansive He-Man.org site being created. Various popular internet memes were also
Masters_of_the_Universe
Roman Catholic basilica and landmark in Vatican City
stood in "self-sufficient isolation", Bernini made the whole complex "expansively relate to its environment". Banister Fletcher says "No other city has
St._Peter's_Basilica
San Francisco transit company (1888–1893)
the railway operated cable car lines through the city. While initially expansive, the company struggled financially and was merged into the Market Street
Ferries_&_Cliff_House_Railway
2013 novel by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
authentic selves." Kristy Davis of Oprah Daily wrote that the novel is "an expansive, epic love story. It pulls no punches with regard to race, class and the
Americanah
Inland river delta and estuary in Northern California
The Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta, or California Delta, is an expansive inland river delta and estuary in Central California and Northern California
Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta
Sacramento–San_Joaquin_River_Delta
Capital of Guangdong, China
China. As of the 2020 census, the registered population of the city's expansive administrative area was 18,676,605 individuals (up 47 percent from the
Guangzhou
Season of television series
Gerbera's. In this season's first Roadblock, one team member had to search an expansive greenhouse for nine types of flowers and arrange them in a display box
The_Amazing_Race_38
American self-taught artist
Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Over the course of fifty years, he produced an expansive oeuvre of poetry, photography, painting, drawing, and sculpture. Edward
Eugene_Von_Bruenchenhein
State park in California, United States
173-foot (967 m) Fremont Peak in the Gabilan Range. The park features expansive views of Monterey Bay and Pacific Ocean from its hiking trails. Other
Fremont_Peak_State_Park
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