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Study of evolution on morality or ethics
Evolutionary ethics is a field of inquiry that explores how evolutionary theory might bear on our understanding of ethics or morality. The range of issues
Evolutionary_ethics
Study of the evolution of life
Evolutionary biology is a subfield of biology that analyzes the four mechanisms of evolution: natural selection, mutation, genetic drift, and gene flow
Evolutionary_biology
Branch of philosophy of science
implications of evolution and the intersections of evolutionary biology with other fields such as epistemology, ethics, aesthetics, and political philosophy. Charles
Philosophy_of_evolution
2002 book by Richard Weikart
From Darwin to Hitler: Evolutionary Ethics, Eugenics, and Racism in Germany is a 2004 book by Richard Weikart, a historian at California State University
From_Darwin_to_Hitler
Philosophical study of morality
normative ethics, applied ethics, and metaethics. Normative ethics aims to find general principles that govern how people should act. Applied ethics examines
Ethics
Meta-ethical view
traditions, including some forms of utilitarianism, virtue ethics, and evolutionary ethics. In contemporary metaethics it is often associated with views
Ethical_naturalism
Philosophical argument against moral realism
holds that, because humans (like all organisms) have an evolutionary origin, the principles of ethics and morality that we have devised are invalid and cannot
Evolutionary_debunking
Life stance that embraces human reason, secular ethics, and philosophical naturalism
codes from a philosophy of utilitarianism, ethical naturalism, or evolutionary ethics, and some advocate a science of morality. Humanists International
Secular_humanism
Emergence of human moral behavior over the course of human evolution
Animal faith Evolutionary ethics The Origins of Virtue Moral foundations theory Moral progress Moral realism Science of morality Triune ethics theory Veneer
Evolution_of_morality
Branching diagram of evolutionary relationships between organisms
phylogenetic tree or phylogeny is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or taxa during a specific time. In other
Phylogenetic_tree
1871 book by Charles Darwin
book discusses many related issues, including evolutionary psychology, evolutionary ethics, evolutionary musicology, differences between human races, differences
The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex
The_Descent_of_Man,_and_Selection_in_Relation_to_Sex
Philosophical question
of theology and ethics. There are also discussions of evil in other philosophical fields, such as secular ethics and evolutionary ethics. However, the problem
Problem_of_evil
Ambiguous term applied to several concepts
Evolutionary epistemology refers to three distinct topics: (1) the biological evolution of cognitive mechanisms in animals and humans, (2) a theory that
Evolutionary_epistemology
1994 book by Robert Wright
impact to "good writing and egregiously simplistic argument." Evolutionary ethics Evolutionary psychology John Stuart Mill Kin selection Reciprocal altruism
The_Moral_Animal
Scientific view of guided evolution by God
theistic evolutionism or God-guided evolution, or alternatively called evolutionary creationism) is a view that God acts and creates through laws of nature
Theistic_evolution
Overview of and topical guide to change in the heritable characteristics of organisms
concepts Evolutionary ethics – Study of evolution on morality or ethics Evolutionary linguistics – Sociobiological approaches to linguistics Evolutionary medicine –
Outline_of_evolution
Overview of and topical guide to ethics
reasoning Evolutionary ethics – Study of evolution on morality or ethics Neuroethics – ethics in neuroscience, but also the neuroscience of ethics Situated
Outline_of_ethics
Branch of moral philosophy
Secular ethics is a branch of moral philosophy in which ethics is based solely on human faculties such as logic, empathy, reason or moral intuition, and
Secular_ethics
Interdisciplinary study
Evolutionary anthropology, the interdisciplinary study of the evolution of human physiology and human behaviour and of the relation between hominids and
Evolutionary_anthropology
Science of classifying organisms
shared characteristics. Modern approaches prioritize common ancestry and evolutionary relationships. Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon), and
Taxonomy_(biology)
Any cause that reduces reproductive success in a proportion of a population
Evolutionary pressure, selective pressure or selection pressure is exerted by factors that reduce or increase reproductive success in a portion of a population
Evolutionary_pressure
Independent evolution of similar features
of convergent evolution, because mammals on each continent had a long evolutionary history prior to the extinction of the dinosaurs under which to accumulate
Convergent_evolution
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
spread from evolutionary biology to other disciplines, including evolutionary computation, quantum Darwinism, evolutionary economics, evolutionary epistemology
Natural_selection
Application of Darwinian theory to other fields
such as commodities, technologies, institutions and organizations. Evolutionary ethics investigates the origin of morality, and uses Darwinian foundations
Universal_Darwinism
Evolutionary thought, the recognition that species change over time and the perceived understanding of how such processes work, has roots in antiquity
History of evolutionary thought
History_of_evolutionary_thought
1859 book on evolution by Charles Darwin
naturalist Charles Darwin that is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. It was published on 24 November 1859. Darwin's book introduced
On_the_Origin_of_Species
Evolutionary process
it is the dynamic evolutionary process of natural selection that fits organisms to their environment, enhancing their evolutionary fitness. Secondly,
Adaptation
Expected reproductive success
S. Haldane was the first to quantify fitness, in terms of the modern evolutionary synthesis of Darwinism and Mendelian genetics starting with his 1924
Fitness_(biology)
nature of ethics. Views ranged from moral realism, which holds that moral truths are about mind-independent realities, to evolutionary ethics, which believes
History_of_ethics
Behavioral theory
Costly signaling theory in evolutionary psychology refers to uses of costly signaling theory and adaptationism in explanations for psychological traits
Costly signaling theory in evolutionary psychology
Costly_signaling_theory_in_evolutionary_psychology
Adolf Hitler's "ideology revolved around evolutionary ethics -- the idea that whatever promoted evolutionary progress is good and whatever hinders it
Richard_Weikart
Interaction of biology and evolution
Evolutionary ecology is a science at the intersection of ecology and evolutionary biology. It approaches the study of ecology in a way that explicitly
Evolutionary_ecology
English biologist and philosopher (1887–1975)
Lectures on the possible connection between evolution and ethics (see evolutionary ethics). Huxley's views on God could be described as being that of
Julian_Huxley
Ritual behavior in non-humans
morality and proto-religion. Animals portal Religion portal Evolutionary ethics Evolutionary origin of religion Evolution of morality The Origins of Virtue
Ritual_behavior_in_animals
Application of modern evolutionary theory to understanding health and disease
Evolutionary medicine or Darwinian medicine is the application of modern evolutionary theory to understanding health and disease. Modern biomedical research
Evolutionary_medicine
Sociobiological approaches to linguistics
for other human faculties such as ethics. But Steven Pinker argued in 1990 that they are the outcome of evolutionary adaptations. At the same time when
Evolutionary_linguistics
Philosophical study of beauty and art
(1993). "Can Beings Whose Ethics Evolved Be Ethical Beings?". In Nitecki, Matthew H.; Nitecki, Doris V. (eds.). Evolutionary Ethics. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1500-9
Aesthetics
1897 book by Edward Payson Evans
and law. It was among the early English-language works to connect evolutionary ethics with animal rights, and was later cited by writers including Henry
Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology
Evolutional_Ethics_and_Animal_Psychology
Effects on human societies of the scientific explanation of life's diversity
The social effects of evolutionary thought have been considerable. As the scientific explanation of life's diversity has developed, it has often displaced
Social effects of evolutionary theory
Social_effects_of_evolutionary_theory
Set of theoretical concepts concerning evolutionary biology
The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES) consists of a set of theoretical concepts argued to be more comprehensive than the earlier modern synthesis of
Extended evolutionary synthesis
Extended_evolutionary_synthesis
German anthropologist
cognition, rituals, biodiversity conservation, animal rights and evolutionary ethics. Sommer was born in Holzhausen am Reinhardswald near Kassel, Germany
Volker_Sommer
Evolutionary psychology theories
Evolutionary aesthetics refers to evolutionary psychology theories in which the basic aesthetic preferences of Homo sapiens are argued to have evolved
Evolutionary_aesthetics
Species having two or more distinct forms
types. According to the theory of evolution, polymorphism results from evolutionary processes, as does any aspect of a species. It is heritable and is modified
Polymorphism_(biology)
Subdiscipline of biology regarding social behavior
societies, sociobiology is closely related to evolutionary anthropology, human behavioral ecology, evolutionary psychology, and sociology. Sociobiology investigates
Sociobiology
Standard, doctrine or system of conduct
Anthropologists from Oxford's Institute of Cognitive & Evolutionary Anthropology analysed ethnographic accounts of ethics from 60 societies, comprising over 600,000
Morality
Study of the evolution of nervous systems
Evolutionary neuroscience is the scientific study of the evolution of nervous systems. Evolutionary neuroscientists investigate the evolution and natural
Evolutionary_neuroscience
the pre-cell scenario is shown in the adjacent figure, where important evolutionary improvements are indicated by numbers. Wet-dry cycles at geothermal springs
History_of_life
Idea that an animal's developmental stages resemble its evolutionary ancestors
to "biological mythology" by the mid-20th century. New discoveries in evolutionary developmental biology (Evo Devo) are providing explanations for these
Recapitulation_theory
Evolutionary biology hypothesis
Evolutionary capacitance is the storage and release of variation, just as electrical capacitors store and release charge. Living systems are robust to
Evolutionary_capacitance
Study of evolutionary changes in physiological characteristics
Evolutionary physiology is the study of the biological evolution of physiological structures and processes; that is, the manner in which the functional
Evolutionary_physiology
Deontology Virtue ethics Moral realism Moral relativism Error theory Non-cognitivism Ethical egoism Cultural relativism Evolutionary ethics Evolution of morality
Outline_of_philosophy
Theory in evolutionary biology
In evolutionary biology, punctuated equilibrium (also called punctuated equilibria) is a theory that proposes that once a species appears in the fossil
Punctuated_equilibrium
experimentally (outside of evolutionary computation), most current work has focused on the persistence of sexual reproduction over evolutionary time. The maintenance
Evolution of sexual reproduction
Evolution_of_sexual_reproduction
2004 book by Michael Shermer
and Company. ISBN 0-8050-7520-8. 350 pages. Scientific skepticism Evolutionary ethics Why Darwin Matters The Moral Arc Mason, Ian Garrick (2004-03-06)
The_Science_of_Good_and_Evil
Subset of evolutionary computation
Evolutionary algorithms (EA) reproduce essential elements of biological evolution in a computer algorithm in order to solve "difficult" problems, at least
Evolutionary_algorithm
Objections to evolution have been raised since evolutionary ideas came to prominence in the 19th century. When Charles Darwin published his 1859 book On
Objections_to_evolution
Idea that all human beings are members of a single community
Cultural universal Democratic globalization Europeanism Eurasianism Evolutionary ethics Existential migration Global citizenship Global justice Human rights
Cosmopolitanism
Aristotelian ethics Catholic moral theology Divine command theory Ethic of reciprocity Ethics without religion European wars of religion Evolutionary ethics Golden
Ethics_in_religion
Pseudoscientific racial grouping
Weikrt 2013, p. 541. Weikart, Richard (2016). From Darwin to Hitler: Evolutionary Ethics, Eugenics and Racism in Germany. Springer Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 978-1137109866
Aryan_race
Change in the heritable traits of populations
of biological populations over successive generations. It occurs when evolutionary processes such as genetic drift and natural selection act on genetic
Evolution
Breeding for desired characteristics
hybrid animals may also result in degradation of quality. Studies in evolutionary physiology, behavioral genetics, and other areas of organismal biology
Selective_breeding
Philosophical position
Some readings of evolutionary science such as those of Charles Darwin and James Mark Baldwin have suggested that in so far as an ethics may be associated
Moral_realism
Characteristic of a group of organisms with a common ancestor
concept in evolutionary biology applicable when one species is the ancestor of two or more species later in time. According to modern evolutionary biology
Common_descent
Philosophical problem articulated by David Hume
start with the fact that humans have evolved and pursue some sort of evolutionary ethics (which risks “committing” the moralistic fallacy). Not all moral
Is–ought_problem
Religious rejection of evolution
other sub-disciplines which are based upon the conclusions of modern evolutionary biology, geology, cosmology, and other related fields. They argue for
Rejection of evolution by religious groups
Rejection_of_evolution_by_religious_groups
Monophyletic closure of a set of living species
the Cambrian explosion easier to understand without invoking unusual evolutionary mechanisms; however, application of the stem group concept does nothing
Crown_group
2003 publication by the American Humanist Association
human species is an integral part of nature, the result of unguided evolutionary change. Ethical values are derived from human need and interest as tested
Humanism_and_Its_Aspirations
Model used to visualise relationship between genotypes and reproductive success
In evolutionary biology, fitness landscapes or adaptive landscapes (types of evolutionary landscapes) are used to visualize the relationship between genotypes
Fitness_landscape
Branch of psychology
Evolutionary psychology is a theoretical approach in psychology that examines cognition and behavior from a modern evolutionary perspective. It seeks
Evolutionary_psychology
Technique to deduce the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged
evidence. They generalized this observation to assert that the rate of evolutionary change of any specified protein was approximately constant over time
Molecular_clock
Application of ethical principles to economic phenomena
Economic ethics is the combination of economics and ethics, incorporating both disciplines to predict, analyze, and model economic phenomena. It can be
Economic_ethics
Similar evolution in distinct species
closely related, but share a similar original trait in response to similar evolutionary pressure. Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar
Parallel_evolution
Concept in evolutionary biology
The Red Queen hypothesis is a hypothesis in evolutionary biology proposed in 1973, that species must constantly adapt, evolve, and proliferate in order
Red_Queen_hypothesis
Biological evolution of Homo sapiens from 50,000 years ago until present
Recent human evolution refers to evolutionary adaptation, sexual and natural selection, and genetic drift within Homo sapiens populations, since their
Recent_human_evolution
ISBN 978-0-521-54530-3. Weikart, Richard (2004). From Darwin to Hitler: Evolutionary Ethics, Eugenics and Racism in Germany. Palgrave Macmillan US. ISBN 978-1-4039-6502-8
Causes_of_World_War_I
Concept in genetics
eliminate genetic variation over time. Assuming genetic drift is the only evolutionary force acting on an allele, after t generations in many replicated populations
Genetic_drift
Subfield of genetics
with genetic differences within and among populations, and is a part of evolutionary biology. Studies in this branch of biology examine such phenomena as
Population_genetics
Termination of a species' lineage
of species and clades are quite common, and are a natural part of the evolutionary process. Only recently have extinctions begun to be recorded, and there
Extinction
Hypothesis on normative mate selection
Koinophilia is an evolutionary hypothesis proposing that during sexual selection, animals preferentially seek mates with a minimum of unusual or mutant
Koinophilia
Measure used in population genetics
over evolutionary time, the favored alleles accumulate in the population and become more and more common, potentially reaching fixation. Evolutionary pressure
Selection_coefficient
Evolutionary process
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species. The biologist Orator F. Cook coined the term in 1906 for
Speciation
Self-replicating computer program that mutates and evolves
accepted as a valid contribution to evolutionary biology by a growing number of evolutionary biologists. Evolutionary biologist Richard Lenski of Michigan
Digital_organism
Discussion of the meaning and usage of the terms evolution, fact and theory
accumulated and tested. The scientific literature includes statements by evolutionary biologists and philosophers of science demonstrating some of the different
Evolution_as_fact_and_theory
Forms of ethical naturalism
morality or science of ethics or scientific ethics) may refer to various forms of ethical naturalism grounding morality and ethics in rational, empirical
Science_of_morality
the evolutionary origins of social instincts in humans. Modern evolutionary psychology, however, is possible only because of advances in evolutionary theory
Theoretical foundations of evolutionary psychology
Theoretical_foundations_of_evolutionary_psychology
Study of cultural change modelled on theories of evolutionary biology
anthropology e.g. Edward B. Tylor, literature e.g. Ferdinand Brunetière, evolutionary ethics e.g. Leslie Stephen, sociology e.g. Albert Keller, anthropology e
Cultural_selection_theory
Evolution where transitional forms are particularly unstable and do not last long
to Simpson, evolutionary rates differ from group to group and even among closely related lineages. These different rates of evolutionary change were designated
Quantum_evolution
Study of evolutionary relationships between organisms
biology, phylogenetics (/ˌfaɪloʊdʒəˈnɛtɪks, -lə-/) is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes)
Phylogenetics
Loss of one species endangers other species
cascades of related species. This results in a non-random pruning of the evolutionary tree. In a 2004 paper in Science, ecologist Lian Pin Koh and colleagues
Coextinction
Metatheory in moral psychology
human evolutionary adaptations), environmental influences on neurobiology, and culture to moral development and reasoning. TET proposes three ethics that
Triune_ethics_theory
Practical application of biological evolution
Evolutionary biology, in particular the understanding of how organisms evolve through natural selection, is an area of science with many practical applications
Applications_of_evolution
System of moral principles of the practice of medicine
arose in an evolutionary way in the continuation of the development of medical ethics, it covers a wider range of issues. Medical ethics is also related
Medical_ethics
The ethics of artificial intelligence covers a broad range of topics within AI that are considered to have particular ethical stakes. This includes algorithmic
Ethics of artificial intelligence
Ethics_of_artificial_intelligence
Study of people's beliefs about morality
working in the fields of evolutionary biology, psychology, sociology or anthropology. Information that comes from descriptive ethics is, however, also used
Descriptive_ethics
Theory in evolutionary biology
and that there is no reason to stress one rate of change over another. Evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins argues that constant-rate gradualism is not
Phyletic_gradualism
1907 book by J. Howard Moore
both humans and animals. The New Ethics was one of several works by Moore on vegetarianism, animal ethics, and evolutionary morality, including Why I Am a
The_New_Ethics
Change in allele frequencies that occurs over time within a population
flow and genetic drift. This change happens over a relatively short (in evolutionary terms) amount of time compared to the changes termed macroevolution.
Microevolution
1975 book by biologist E. O. Wilson
PMID 11643387. S2CID 144309747. Kaufman, Whitley (2013). "The Evolutionary Ethics of E. O. Wilson". The New Atlantis (Winter/Spring 2013). Retrieved
Sociobiology: The New Synthesis
Sociobiology:_The_New_Synthesis
Theory about the relationship between consciousness and body
solidity are states that water can be in. Chinese room Direction of fit Evolutionary ethics Hylozoism Qualia Dirk Franken; Attila Karakus; Jan G.Michel, eds
Biological_naturalism
Austrian biologist (1955–2018)
epistemology, the history and theory of biology, evolution theory, evolutionary ethics, evolutionary epistemology and sociobiology. Wuketits co-founded the Austrian
Franz_M._Wuketits
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