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Search references for ESPIONAGE PLAY. Phrases containing ESPIONAGE PLAY
See searches and references containing ESPIONAGE PLAY!ESPIONAGE PLAY
1935 play written by Walter Hackett
Espionage is a 1935 play by the British-American writer Walter Hackett. It is a thriller set on the Orient Express, written as a vehicle for Hackett's
Espionage_(play)
Clandestine acquisition of confidential information
Espionage, spying, or intelligence gathering, as a subfield of the intelligence field, is the act of obtaining secret, confidential, or in some way valuable
Espionage
Topics referred to by the same term
1980s "Espionage", a song by Green Day from Shenanigans Espionage (play), a 1935 West End play by Walter Hackett Espionage!, a 1983 spy role-playing game
Espionage_(disambiguation)
Party and government of the People's Republic of China is engaged in espionage overseas, directed through diverse methods via the Ministry of State Security
Chinese intelligence activity abroad
Chinese_intelligence_activity_abroad
2026 association football spying controversy
3.4 and 127.1 in relation to the alleged espionage incident. After the 0–0 draw in the first leg of the play-off semi-final, Middlesbrough head coach
Southampton F.C. espionage incident
Southampton_F.C._espionage_incident
(1947–1989) that was a favorite for novelists and filmmakers. Efforts to use espionage for military advantage are well documented throughout history. Sun Tzu
History_of_espionage
Theft of corporate information
Industrial espionage, also known as economic espionage, corporate spying, or corporate espionage, refers to the systematic and unauthorized acquisition
Industrial_espionage
United States federal law
The Espionage Act of 1917 is a United States federal law enacted on June 15, 1917, shortly after the United States entered World War I. It has been amended
Espionage_Act_of_1917
Fiction genre involving espionage
Spy fiction is a genre of literature involving espionage as an important context or plot device. It emerged in the early twentieth century, inspired by
Spy_fiction
American double agent and spy (1944–2023)
services intermittently against the United States from 1979 to 2001. His espionage was described by the United States Department of Justice as "possibly
Robert_Hanssen
French diplomat (born 1944)
Periodic restagings of the play and television airings of the film based on it continue to spark interest in the espionage case at the heart of the fictional
Bernard_Boursicot
English football match to determine promotion to the Premier League
Southampton admitted to conducting espionage against Middlesbrough, when they also admitted and were charged with espionage in two regular season matches.
2026 EFL Championship play-off final
2026_EFL_Championship_play-off_final
Intelligence gathering
Israeli espionage in the United States refers to clandestine intelligence-gathering and operations conducted by or on behalf of the State of Israel within
Israeli espionage in the United States
Israeli_espionage_in_the_United_States
1983 modern spy role-playing game
Espionage!, subtitled "The Secret Agent Role Playing Game", is a spy role-playing game published by Hero Games in 1983. Espionage! is a role-playing game
Espionage!
Spy in place with no immediate mission
"sleeper agent" is still an asset and can still play an active role in sabotage, sedition, espionage, or possibly treason (if enlisted to act against
Sleeper_agent
Fictional intelligence agency in the Marvel Comics Universe
S.H.I.E.L.D. is a fictional espionage, special law enforcement, and counter-terrorism government agency appearing in American comic books published by
S.H.I.E.L.D.
GURPS Espionage is a sourcebook published by Steve Jackson Games (SJG) in 1992 for the third edition of GURPS (Generic Universal Role-Playing System)
GURPS_Espionage
Football league season
C. espionage incident). Hull City won this match and therefore joined champions Coventry City and automatically promoted Ipswich Town in playing in the
2026_EFL_play-offs
Offensive measures using enemy information
(counter-intelligence) and its primary subfield, counterespionage (counter-espionage), are activities aimed at protecting an agency's intelligence program
Counterintelligence
Tabletop role-playing game
the release of the core book (subsequently referred to as the Spycraft Espionage Handbook) in 2002, multiple print supplements were released in the following
Spycraft_(role-playing_game)
Disproven allegation of espionage
ISRO espionage case involved discredited allegations of espionage made by Indian investigation agencies in the 1990s against some scientists of the Indian
ISRO_espionage_case
Spy fiction tabletop role-playing game supplement
Top Secret is an espionage-themed tabletop role-playing game written by Merle M. Rasmussen and first published in 1980 by TSR, Inc. The first edition of
Top Secret (role-playing game)
Top_Secret_(role-playing_game)
2011 uncovering of a Russian espionage plot
In 2011, German authorities uncovered a Russian espionage network that had been operating in Europe for over two decades. The case drew renewed international
Anschlag Russian espionage plot
Anschlag_Russian_espionage_plot
Aspect of the Cold War
organizations such as the CIA and KGB became synonymous with Cold War espionage, many others played key roles in the collection and protection of the section concerning
Cold_War_espionage
Retrieved 2025-12-25. "Former Army Green Beret Sentenced for Russian Espionage Conspiracy". www.justice.gov. May 14, 2021. Retrieved June 6, 2023. Carrega
List of current inmates at ADX Florence
List_of_current_inmates_at_ADX_Florence
Tabletop horror role-playing game
There are special combat and chase rules to reflect the action-adventure espionage techno-thriller genre that provides its backdrop. There are also trust
Night's Black Agents (role-playing game)
Night's_Black_Agents_(role-playing_game)
American political party
party and replaced by William Z. Foster. As the CPUSA's role in Soviet Espionage activities became more widely known, the Party suffered dramatically at
Communist_Party_USA
11th episode of the 6th season of Community
"Modern Espionage" is the eleventh episode of the sixth season of the television sitcom Community. It was written by Mark Stegemann, and directed by Rob
Modern_Espionage
American spy thriller television series
"Laysla De Oliveira Joins Zoe Saldaña in Taylor Sheridan's Paramount Plus Espionage Series Lioness (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Archived from the original on January
Lioness_(American_TV_series)
American counterintelligence program during World War II and Cold War
included discovery of the Cambridge Five espionage ring in the United Kingdom, and also of Soviet espionage of the Manhattan Project in the US, known
Venona_project
traditional espionage include Larry Wu-tai Chin, Katrina Leung, Gwo-Bao Min, Chi Mak, Peter Lee, and Shujun Wang. The PRC also uses cyber espionage to penetrate
Chinese espionage in the United States
Chinese_espionage_in_the_United_States
American television writer and producer (born 1970)
crime drama Tulsa King (which he co-writes with Terence Winter), the espionage thriller Lioness and the drama Landman. In 2021, Sheridan was inducted
Taylor_Sheridan
2026 South Korean television series
vanishes, he abandons his quiet civilian life and utilizes his dangerous espionage skills to locate and rescue her. Choi Dae-hoon as Seong Han-soo A former
Agent_Kim_Reactivated
1937 film by Kurt Neumann
Leonard Lee, Ainsworth Morgan and Manuel Seff, based on the 1935 West End play Espionage by Walter Hackett. The film stars Edmund Lowe, Madge Evans, Paul Lukas
Espionage_(1937_film)
Operations of the Israeli intelligence agency
relations. Reports from various sources indicate that Mossad has engaged in espionage, sabotage, cyber attacks, and targeted assassinations, often in collaboration
Mossad_activities_in_Iran
1983 private eye/espionage role-playing game
(MSPE) is a tabletop role-playing game published in 1983 by Blade, a division of Flying Buffalo, Inc that covers modern espionage, mercenary combat, and
Mercenaries, Spies and Private Eyes
Mercenaries,_Spies_and_Private_Eyes
Espionage fiction term
In espionage terminology, honeypot and honey trap are terms for an operational practice involving the use of a covert agent (usually female), to create
Honeypots in espionage fiction
Honeypots_in_espionage_fiction
English football tournament
Southampton were disqualified for spying on other teams (see Southampton F.C. espionage incident). 23 May 2026 15:30 BST Wembley Stadium, London Attendance: 84
2025–26_EFL_Championship
Japanese media franchise
Esutabu Raifu Yuniti Memorīzu) has been announced. The game is a free-to-play MMORPG title with in-app purchases. Information is taken from the ending
Estab_Life
American spies for the Soviet Union (d. 1953)
there was to be a conviction for espionage of the Rosenbergs. On July 17, 1950, Julius was arrested on suspicion of espionage, based on David Greenglass's
Julius_and_Ethel_Rosenberg
Disclosures of NSA and related global espionage
June 14, 2013, United States prosecutors charged Edward Snowden with espionage and theft of government property. In late July 2013, he was granted a
Snowden_disclosures
a remote server, breaching the Malicious Behavior section of the Google Play privacy policies. Some of these plugins are detected as Adware or PUP by
List_of_spyware_programs
British media proprietor (1923–1991)
MP George Galloway and Conservative MP Rupert Allason (also known as espionage author Nigel West) agreed to raise the issue in the House of Commons under
Robert_Maxwell
Tabletop science fiction role-playing game
Corporation is a science fiction role-playing game created by Brutal Games. Brutal Games published Corporation in 2009 through Mongoose Publishing's Flaming
Corporation (role playing game)
Corporation_(role_playing_game)
Theft of classified US intelligence
The Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal involved Lawrence Franklin, a former United States Department of Defense employee, passing classified documents
Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal
Lawrence_Franklin_espionage_scandal
2025 film by Wes Anderson
The Phoenician Scheme is a 2025 black comedy espionage thriller film written, produced, and directed by Wes Anderson from a story he conceived with Roman
The_Phoenician_Scheme
Pro-Israel lobby group in the United States
pleaded guilty to espionage charges of passing U.S. government secrets to senior AIPAC officials, in what became known as the AIPAC espionage scandal. In 1943
AIPAC
Tabletop surrealist role-playing game by Jonathan Tweet
Over the Edge is a surreal role-playing game of secrets and conspiracies, taking place on the mysterious Island of Al Amarja. It was created by Jonathan
Over_the_Edge_(game)
Egyptian-born Israeli spy (1924–1965)
May 1965) was an Egyptian-born Israeli spy. He is best known for his espionage work in Syria between 1961 and 1965, where he developed close relationships
Eli_Cohen
Tabletop role-playing game
The Laundry is a tabletop role-playing game published by Cubicle 7 in 2010. The game is based on novelist Charles Stross's The Laundry Files series. The
The_Laundry
Football coach (born 1993)
recording training sessions of Middlesbrough prior to their EFL Championship play-offs semi-final contest. Southampton initially claimed that the surveillance
Tonda_Eckert
financial, military and industrial espionage. Like other types of espionage, it is subdivided into active and passive espionage. In its original meaning, it
Total_Espionage_doctrine
numerous espionage operations against foreign countries, including both allies and rivals. Its operations have included the use of industrial espionage, cyber
United States intelligence operations abroad
United_States_intelligence_operations_abroad
location/country with their partner, who may or may not know of their espionage activities and any children, who will not know of any nefarious activities
Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian war
Russian_spies_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war
American activist and whistleblower (born 1987)
who was convicted by court-martial in July 2013 of violations of the Espionage Act and other offenses, after disclosing to WikiLeaks nearly 750,000 classified
Chelsea_Manning
Espionage against the United States of America committed by the Russian Federation
Russian espionage in the United States has occurred since at least the Cold War (as the Soviet Union), and likely well before. According to the United
Russian espionage in the United States
Russian_espionage_in_the_United_States
Tabletop horror role-playing game and game setting
Delta Green is a role-playing game from Arc Dream Publishing about a secretive organization tasked with protecting the United States from paranormal and
Delta_Green
American entrepreneur and venture capitalist (born 1967)
leaders, and business executives, characterized as focused on defense and espionage, as well as Atlanticist and Europhile. Thiel's outsized influence at the
Peter_Thiel
1942 play by Max Afford and 1959 television film directed by Colin Dean
20. Retrieved 10 January 2013. "'LADY IN DANGER' OPENING TONIGHT: ESPIONAGE PLAY, FIRST SEEN IN AUSTRALIA, TO MAKE BOW AT BROADHURST THEATRE IRWIN TO
Lady_in_Danger_(stage_play)
2011 video game
Stealth Bastard: Tactical Espionage Arsehole is a 2011 platform video game developed and published by Curve Studios. Its mechanics revolve around stealth
Stealth_Bastard
1974 spy novel by John le Carré
he knows about him. Karla is believed to have followed his father into espionage, getting his start during the Spanish Civil War, posing as a White Russian
Tinker_Tailor_Soldier_Spy
Phenomenon of US political rhetoric after WWII
communist and Soviet influence on American institutions and of Soviet espionage in the United States during the late 1940s through the 1950s, heavily
McCarthyism
2025 Marvel Studios animated miniseries
loyalty is tested on their missions, calling the series a "giant spy-espionage" that spans time. Eyes of Wakanda is set in several past time periods
Eyes_of_Wakanda
1942 film by Michael Curtiz
a Cold War espionage program set contemporaneously with its production, and starred Charles McGraw as Rick and Marcel Dalio, who had played Emil the croupier
Casablanca_(film)
2024 British television series
second season. In May 2026, Matt Bomer joined the cast and implied to be playing a villain. Filming for the series, taking place in four countries and expected
The Day of the Jackal (TV series)
The_Day_of_the_Jackal_(TV_series)
WWII Soviet nuclear-research spies in the West
individual played a significant role in the way the Cold War unfolded, and the continuing state of nuclear weapons. Confirmation about espionage work came
Atomic_spies
Dutch exotic dancer (1876–1917)
impersonates her in an espionage imbroglio. In the 1970 American series Lancelot Link, Secret Chimp, a chimpanzee named "Mata Hairi" plays the role of a secret
Mata_Hari
British actor (born 1993)
Gen Y. The following year, he played the recurring character Isaac Turner in the second series of the Fox UK espionage thriller Deep State. Jonsson starred
David_Jonsson
2025 Indian TV series or programme
event leads to creation of Research & Analysis Wing, India's specialised espionage organisation in enemy territories, headed by R. N. Kao. In 1972, in the
Saare Jahan Se Accha (2025 TV series)
Saare_Jahan_Se_Accha_(2025_TV_series)
1997 video game
of a section. This was the first Time Crisis game to enable two people to play simultaneously, allowing each player to cover the other. In single player
Time_Crisis_II
US political organization
Kastenmeier; New York mayor David Dinkins; and feminist icon Gloria Steinem. DSA played a significant role in Central American solidarity activism, opposing the
Democratic Socialists of America
Democratic_Socialists_of_America
American theoretical physicist (1904–1967)
gossip and denied any thought or suggestion of treason or thoughts of espionage, either in planning or in deed. Neither was ever convicted of any crime
J._Robert_Oppenheimer
World War II anti-Nazi resistance movement
economic espionage for the Soviet Union, and economic espionage for the United States by November 1939. Harnack was convinced that America would play a part
Red_Orchestra_(espionage)
ISBN 978-1-352-00596-7. Gragido, Will; Pirc, John (7 January 2011). Cybercrime and Espionage: An Analysis of Subversive Multi-Vector Threats. Newnes. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-59749-614-8
History_of_the_World_Wide_Web
Intelligence agency
efforts, Room 40. The interception and decoding of the Zimmermann Telegram played a role in bringing the United States into the War. It has described as the
Naval Intelligence Division (United Kingdom)
Naval_Intelligence_Division_(United_Kingdom)
American spy thriller television series
heart, hurling them both into a deadly game of international intrigue and espionage. Michael Fassbender as Brandon Colby, codename 'Martian', previously CIA
The_Agency_(2024_TV_series)
American intelligence analyst and spy (born 1957)
21, 2001, and she subsequently was charged with conspiracy to commit espionage for the government of Cuba. Montes pleaded guilty to spying and, in October
Ana_Montes
2014 video game and its franchise
Schoolgirl Strikers (スクールガールストライカーズ, Sukūrugāru Sutoraikāzu) is a Japanese social network game developed and published by Square Enix. The newly established
Schoolgirl_Strikers
1985 espionage role-playing game supplement
Companion is a supplement published by TSR in 1985 for the modern-day espionage role-playing game Top Secret that moved the game towards a more action-oriented
Top_Secret_Companion
English playwright and poet (1564–1593)
the church, homosexual intrigue, betrayal by another playwright, and espionage from the highest level: the Privy Council of Elizabeth I. An official
Christopher_Marlowe
Irish-American actor, director, writer, and producer (1928–2009)
well known for the titular role of secret agent John Drake in the ITC espionage programme Danger Man (1960–68). He then created and produced the surrealistic
Patrick_McGoohan
Large language model and AI chatbot by Anthropic
the same threat actor had used Claude Code to automate 80–90% of its espionage cyberattacks against 30 organizations. All accounts related to the attacks
Claude_(AI)
1984 video game
Mission at MobyGames Impossible Mission at SpectrumComputing.co.uk The ZX Spectrum version of Impossible Mission can be played on the Internet Archive.
Impossible_Mission
Soviet major general and spy (1921–1988)
Evidence of the rift between the Soviet Union and China. This information played a crucial role in Richard Nixon's decision to open diplomatic relations
Dmitri_Polyakov
Swedish actress (born 1983)
Reckoning Part One, in 2023. In 2016, she played the dual roles of Katya and Lauren in the Cold War espionage thriller directed by Shamim Sarif, Despite
Rebecca_Ferguson
2014 law in China
with this law. "Those who play a particularly important role in preventing and stopping espionage activities or solving espionage cases and provide particularly
Counterespionage Law of the People's Republic of China
Counterespionage_Law_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China
National intelligence agency of Israel
it employs around 7,000 people, making it one of the world's largest espionage agencies. The organization has orchestrated many assassination plots across
Mossad
Genre of literature involving espionage
Intelligence literature, sometimes referred to as espionage nonfiction, is a genre of non-fiction or historical literature, written in any language, that
Intelligence_literature
2025 film by Steven Soderbergh
reads: "Sleek in design and spiked with dry wit, Black Bag is an exemplary espionage caper that lets movie stars like Cate Blanchett and Michael Fassbender
Black_Bag
Israeli intelligence analyst and convicted spy (born 1954)
prison for violations of the Espionage Act. The Israeli government acknowledged part of its role in Pollard's espionage in 1987 and issued a formal apology
Jonathan_Pollard
English actress (born 1996)
spy novel The Little Drummer Girl, in which she played an actress who becomes embroiled in an espionage plot. Her performance was met with praise. While
Florence_Pugh
Back! is a role-playing game published by Task Force Games in 1986. Delta Force: America Strikes Back! is a modern military/espionage system depicting
Delta Force: America Strikes Back!
Delta_Force:_America_Strikes_Back!
American filmmaker and author (born 1954)
accuracy of figures cited in the film, and suggested that the film could play into the hands of the fossil fuel industry. Michael Moore, Jeff Gibbs, and
Michael_Moore
Mayor of New York City since 2026
cricket team and unsuccessfully ran for student body vice president. He also played soccer with the West Side Soccer League. Mamdani attended Bowdoin College
Zohran_Mamdani
Ongoing conflict since 2014
Jen Weedon (2015). "Beyond 'Cyber War': Russia's Use of Strategic Cyber Espionage and Information Operations in Ukraine". In Geers, Kenneth (ed.). Cyber
Russo-Ukrainian_war
2025 Indian film by Aditya Dhar
does not have the flamboyance either that has come to be associated with espionage movies." Shalini Langer of The Indian Express gave 2.5/5 stars, and described
Dhurandhar
Soviet diplomat and defector to the West
Soviet Russia as, among other things, a gangster economy in which the KGB played a prominent role.[citation needed] In the summer of 1978, the FBI ordered
Arkady_Shevchenko
2015 video game
by Klei Entertainment. The player acts as the remote operator for an espionage agency that has come under attack from multinational corporations, and
Invisible,_Inc.
Universal Pictures media franchise
culminating in Fast & Furious (2009). The series moved towards heists and espionage with Fast Five (2011), which was followed by five further films in that
Fast_&_Furious
1983 book by Anthony Grey
of Representatives in 1935, Holt was earmarked for special training in espionage. He was initially intended to be a sleeper agent, but was considered too
The_Prime_Minister_Was_a_Spy
ESPIONAGE PLAY
ESPIONAGE PLAY
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a player on the lute, Middle English lutar, an agent derivative of lute.English : metonymic occupational name for an otter hunter, from Old French loutre ‘otter’.Dutch : variant of Luther 1.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : nickname from Middle English king, Old English cyning ‘king’ (originally merely a tribal leader, from Old English cyn(n) ‘tribe’, ‘race’ + the Germanic suffix -ing). The word was already used as a byname before the Norman Conquest, and the nickname was common in the Middle Ages, being used to refer to someone who conducted himself in a kingly manner, or one who had played the part of a king in a pageant, or one who had won the title in a tournament. In other cases it may actually have referred to someone who served in the king’s household. The American surname has absorbed several European cognates and equivalents with the same meaning, for example German König (see Koenig), Swiss German Küng, French Leroy. It is also found as an Ashkenazic Jewish surname, of ornamental origin.Chinese : variant of Jin 1.Chinese : , , , , Jing.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Murlimanohar | à®®à¯à®°à®²à¯€à®®à®¨à¯‹à®¹à®°
The flute playing God
Murlimanohar | à®®à¯à®°à®²à¯€à®®à®¨à¯‹à®¹à®°
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, German, and Dutch
English, Scottish, German, and Dutch : from Middle English, Middle High German, Middle Dutch horn ‘horn’, applied in a variety of senses: as a metonymic occupational name for someone who made small articles, such as combs, spoons, and window lights, out of horn; as a metonymic occupational name for someone who played a musical instrument made from the horn of an animal; as a topographic name for someone who lived by a horn-shaped spur of a hill or tongue of land in a bend of a river, or a habitational name from any of the places named with this element (for example, in England, Horne in Surrey on a spur of a hill and Horn in Rutland in a bend of a river); as a nickname, perhaps referring to some feature of a person’s physical appearance, or denoting a cuckolded husband.Norwegian : habitational name from any of several farmsteads so named, from Old Norse horn ‘horn’, ‘spur of land’.Swedish : ornamental or topographic name from horn ‘horn’, ‘spur of land’.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : presumably from German Horn ‘horn’, adopted as a surname for reasons that are not clear. It may be purely ornamental, or it may refer to the ram’s horn (Hebrew shofar) blown in the Synagogue during various ceremonies.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Bonasri | போநாஸரீÂ
Flute, Instrument played by Lord Krishna
Bonasri | போநாஸரீÂ
Surname or Lastname
German
German : from a variant of the Germanic personal name Gambert, or some other personal name formed with Old High German gam(an) ‘joy’, ‘play’.English : variant spelling of Gamble.
Surname or Lastname
English and Dutch
English and Dutch : from the rare medieval female personal name Eve, Eva (from Hebrew Chava, of uncertain origin). This was, according to the Book of Genesis, the name of the first woman, and in some cases the name may have been acquired by someone (invariably a man) who had played the part in a drama dealing with the Creation.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : one of the most common and widespread of English surnames, either a nickname for someone who was fond of dressing in this color (Old English grēne) or who had played the part of the ‘Green Man’ in the May Day celebrations, or a topographic name for someone who lived near a village green, Middle English grene (a transferred use of the color term). In North America this name has no doubt assimilated cognates from other European languages, notably German Grün (see Gruen).Jewish (American) : Americanized form of German Grün or Yiddish Grin, Ashkenazic ornamental names meaning ‘green’ or a short form of any of the numerous compounds with this element.Irish : translation of various Gaelic surnames derived from glas ‘gray’, ‘green’, ‘blue’. See also Fahey.North German : short form of a habitational name from a place name with Gren- as the first element (for example Greune, Greubole).
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, German, and Dutch
English, Scottish, German, and Dutch : from Horn 1 with the agent suffix -er; an occupational name for someone who made or sold small articles made of horn, a metonymic occupational name for someone who played a musical instrument made from the horn of an animal, or a topographic name for someone who lived at a ‘horn’ of land.habitational name from Horner in Diptford, Devon, which is named from Old English horn ‘horn of land’ + ora ‘hill spur’, ‘ridge’.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant of Horn 4.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a fiddle player or a nickname for a skilled or enthusiastic amateur, from Old English fiðelere ‘fiddler’.German : variant of Fiedler.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : status name from Middle English knyghte ‘knight’, Old English cniht ‘boy’, ‘youth’, ‘serving lad’. This word was used as a personal name before the Norman Conquest, and the surname may in part reflect a survival of this. It is also possible that in a few cases it represents a survival of the Old English sense into Middle English, as an occupational name for a domestic servant. In most cases, however, it clearly comes from the more exalted sense that the word achieved in the Middle Ages. In the feudal system introduced by the Normans the word was applied at first to a tenant bound to serve his lord as a mounted soldier. Hence it came to denote a man of some substance, since maintaining horses and armor was an expensive business. As feudal obligations became increasingly converted to monetary payments, the term lost its precise significance and came to denote an honorable estate conferred by the king on men of noble birth who had served him well. Knights in this last sense normally belonged to ancient noble families with distinguished family names of their own, so that the surname is more likely to have been applied to a servant in a knightly house or to someone who had played the part of a knight in a pageant or won the title in some contest of skill.Irish : part translation of Gaelic Mac an Ridire ‘son of the rider or knight’. See also McKnight.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Middle English personal name Gullake, Gudloc (Old English GūðlÄc, composed of the elements gūð ‘battle’ + lÄc ‘sport’, ‘play’, reinforced by the Old Norse cognate Guðleikr).See Gullick.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English dyse, dyce ‘die’, ‘dice’, ‘chance’, ‘luck’, probably applied as a nickname for an habitual dice player or gambler or as a metonymic occupational name for a maker of dice. Compare Deas.Possibly also an Americanized spelling of German Deiss.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Nottinghamshire)
English (chiefly Nottinghamshire) : nickname from the personal name Herod (Greek HÄ“rÅdÄ“s, apparently derived from hÄ“rÅs ‘hero’), borne by the king of Judea (died ad 4) who at the time of the birth of Christ ordered that all male children in Bethlehem should be slaughtered (Matthew 2: 16–18). In medieval mystery plays Herod was portrayed as a blustering tyrant, and the name was therefore given to someone one who had played the part, or who had an overbearing temper.English : variant of Harold (1 or 2).Greek : shortened form of Herodiadis, a patronymic from the classical personal name HÄ“rodiÅn. This was the name of a relative of St. Paul and an early Bishop of Patras, venerated in the Orthodox Church. HÄ“rodÄ“s ‘Herod’ is also found in Greek as a nickname for a violent man, but this is less likely to be the source of the surname.
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and Irish
English, Scottish, and Irish : occupational name for a player on the harp, from an agent derivative of Middle English, Middle Dutch harp ‘harp’. The harper was one of the most important figures of a medieval baronial hall, especially in Scotland and northern England, and the office of harper was sometimes hereditary. The Scottish surname is probably an Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Chruiteir ‘son of the harper’ (from Gaelic cruit ‘harp’, ‘stringed instrument’). This surname has long been present in Ireland.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an agent derivative of Middle English pleyen ‘to play’, hence an occupational name for an actor or musician or a nickname for a successful competitor in contests of athletic or sporting prowess.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from the vocabulary word lord, presumably for someone who behaved in a lordly manner, or perhaps one who had earned the title in some contest of skill or had played the part of the ‘Lord of Misrule’ in the Yuletide festivities. It may also have been an occupational name for a servant in the household of the lord of the manor, or possibly a status name for a landlord or the lord of the manor himself. The word itself derives from Old English hlÄford, earlier hlÄf-weard, literally ‘loaf-keeper’, since the lord or chief of a clan was responsible for providing food for his dependants.Irish : English name adopted as a translation of the main element of Gaelic Ó Tighearnaigh (see Tierney) and Mac Thighearnáin (see McKiernan).French : nickname from Old French l’ord ‘the dirty one’.Possibly an altered spelling of Laur.The French name is particularly associated with Acadia in Canada, around 1760.
Surname or Lastname
Jewish (American)
Jewish (American) : Americanized form of Gorelik.English (chiefly Lancashire) : from Middle English garlek ‘garlic’, hence a metonymic occupational name for a grower or seller of garlic or perhaps a nickname for someone who ate a lot of garlic. An alternative derivation of the English name is from an unrecorded survival into Middle English of the Old English personal name GÄrlÄc, which is composed of the elements gÄr ‘spear’ + lÄc ‘sport’, ‘play’.German : altered form of Garlich (see Gerlich).
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English (of Norman origin)
English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Déville in Seine-Maritime, France, probably named with Latin dei villa ‘settlement of (i.e. under the protection of) God’. This name was interpreted early on as a prepositional phrase de ville or de val and applied to dwellers in a town or valley (see Ville and Vale).English : nickname from Middle English devyle, Old English dēofol ‘devil’ (Latin diabolus, from Greek diabolos ‘slanderer’, ‘enemy’), referring to a mischievous youth or perhaps to someone who had acted the role of the Devil in a pageant or mystery play.French : variant of Ville, with the preposition de.
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly Norfolk)
English (mainly Norfolk) : habitational name from a place in Suffolk, so called from Old English plæga, plega ‘sport’, ‘play’ + ford ‘ford’.
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