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Term in medicine
DLCO or TLCO (diffusing capacity or transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide (CO),) is the extent to which oxygen passes from the air sacs of the
Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide
Diffusing_capacity_for_carbon_monoxide
Measure of the transfer of gas from the lung to red blood cells
Nejadnik, B; Keyeux, A; Frans, A (May 1994). "Single breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide in stable asthma". Chest. 105 (5): 1426–9. doi:10.1378/chest
Diffusing_capacity
Fibrosis of lungs due to unknown causes
difficulty encountered in inflating the fibrotic lungs. The diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is invariably reduced in IPF and may be the only
Idiopathic_pulmonary_fibrosis
Poisonous gas consisting of carbon and oxygen
Carbon monoxide (chemical formula CO) is a poisonous, flammable gas that is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and slightly less dense than air. Carbon monoxide
Carbon_monoxide
Test to evaluate respiratory system
disorders.[citation needed] Measurement of the single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) is a fast and safe tool in the evaluation of both
Pulmonary_function_testing
Danish physiologist (1874–1949)
is preserved in two items now named for him: Krogh length, the distance between capillaries which nutrients diffuse to, based on cellular consumption of
August_Krogh
Carbon-oxygen gas
potential for this reaction near pH 7 is about −0.53 V versus the standard hydrogen electrode. The nickel-containing enzyme carbon monoxide dehydrogenase
Carbon_dioxide
Medical condition of lack of oxygen in the tissues
of capacity of the blood to carry the normal level of oxygen. It can be caused by anemia or: Carbon monoxide poisoning, in which carbon monoxide combines
Hypoxia_(medicine)
Form of carbon with an extremely high surface area
the surface area of the testing material. Carbon monoxide however, is not very well adsorbed by activated carbon. This should be of particular concern to
Activated_carbon
Chemical compound
to produce atomic carbon and carbon monoxide according to the equation: C 3O 2 → 2 CO + [C] The process involves dicarbon monoxide as an intermediate
Atomic_carbon
Pulmonary function measurement
The pulmonary diffusing capacity for nitric oxide (DL,NO), also called the transfer factor of the lung for nitric oxide (TL,NO), is a pulmonary function
Pulmonary diffusing capacity for nitric oxide
Pulmonary_diffusing_capacity_for_nitric_oxide
Biological process to convert light into chemical energy
of the carbon is returned to the Calvin-Benson cycle as 3-phosphoglycerate. The reactions also produce ammonia (NH3), which is able to diffuse out of
Photosynthesis
Simplest carboxylic acid (HCOOH)
acid are called formates. Industrially, formic acid is produced from carbon monoxide. Formic acid, which has a pungent, penetrating odor, is found naturally
Formic_acid
Type of furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals
flue gas is in direct contact with the ore and iron, allowing carbon monoxide to diffuse into the ore and reduce the iron oxide. The blast furnace operates
Blast_furnace
Industrial process for ammonia production
oxide-alumina catalyst in the primary reformer to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The energy required for this, the enthalpy ΔH, is 206 kJ/mol. CH 4 ( g )
Haber_process
Progressive cystic lung disease
transfer, as assessed by the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), described in 82% to 97% of patients. It is not unusual for DLCO to be reduced out
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Medical condition
received cyclosporine they displayed improved diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and forced vital capacity. A 1999 study reported that tacrolimus successfully
Antisynthetase_syndrome
Collection of health disorders among survivors of critical illness
function is often compromised for months to years. The most commonly impaired lung function is diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, as well as reduced lung
Post-intensive_care_syndrome
Organic compound ethane-1,2-diol
the methanol is recycled, only carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and oxygen are consumed. One plant with a production capacity of 200000 tons of ethylene glycol
Ethylene_glycol
Methods of storing hydrogen for later use
with a source of carbon (either carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide from biogas, from industrial processes or via direct air-captured carbon dioxide) via biomethanation
Hydrogen_storage
Hexagonal lattice made of carbon atoms
the element carbon which occurs naturally in small amounts. In graphene, the carbon forms a sheet of interlocked atoms as hexagons one carbon atom thick
Graphene
Possible alternative biochemicals used by life forms
might use a mixture of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide as their carbon source. They might produce and live on sulfur monoxide, which is analogous to
Hypothetical types of biochemistry
Hypothetical_types_of_biochemistry
Chemical compound of hydrogen and oxygen
releasing hydrogen. At high temperatures, coke, a form of carbon, reacts with steam to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Hydrology is the study of the movement
Water
Medical condition
diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide that corrects with alveolar volume High-resolution CT scan: diffuse pulmonary nodules 4–10 mm, greater
Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia
Diffuse_idiopathic_pulmonary_neuroendocrine_cell_hyperplasia
Pulmonary function test
lung capacity (TLC) is the maximum volume of air present in the lungs.[medical citation needed] Diffusing capacity (or DLCO) is the carbon monoxide uptake
Spirometry
Neutral form of the hydroxide ion
first carbon monoxide (CO) and then carbon dioxide (CO2) is important for assessing the residence time of this greenhouse gas, the overall carbon budget
Hydroxyl_radical
Chemical compound
a mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. Carl von Than first characterized the substance in 1867. It forms when carbon monoxide reacts with molten
Carbonyl_sulfide
Facility that processes crude oil
sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides. Motor oil, engine oil, or engine lubricant is any one of various substances used for the lubrication
Oil_refinery
Hydrocarbon compound (HC≡CH)
as the catalyst. In addition to ethynylation, acetylene reacts with carbon monoxide to give acrylic acid, or acrylic esters. Metal catalysts are required
Acetylene
Metal heat treatment process
or steel absorbs carbon while the metal is heated in the presence of a carbon-bearing material, such as charcoal or carbon monoxide. The intent is to
Carburizing
Chemical element with atomic number 46 (Pd)
automobile exhaust (hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide) into nontoxic substances (nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor). Palladium
Palladium
Route of exposure to pollutants
matter (PM), nitrogen oxide NO 2, ozone O 3, sulfur dioxide SO 2, carbon monoxide (CO), and nonmethane hydrocarbons (NHMC). Particulate matter (PM) is
Inhalation_exposure
Caustic soda, with formula NaOH
dissolve into drinking water. Sodium hydroxide has been used for detection of carbon monoxide poisoning, with blood samples of such patients turning to a
Sodium_hydroxide
Organic compound ((CH3)2CO); simplest ketone
of acetone is wavelength dependent. At short wavelengths (<290 nm), carbon monoxide and methyl radicals are produced in high quantum yield: (CH3)2CO →
Acetone
Colourless non-flammable greenhouse gas
Nitrous oxide (dinitrogen oxide or dinitrogen monoxide), commonly known as laughing gas or nitrous, among others, is a chemical compound, an oxide of nitrogen
Nitrous_oxide
Diseases of the space or tissue between the alveoli of the lungs
diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO) indicating reduced alveolar to blood capillary transport. Pulmonary function testing is indicated for all people
Interstitial_lung_disease
Exchange of gases between environment and tissues
ventilator Oxygen toxicity Barotrauma Breathing gases Carbon dioxide poisoning Carbon monoxide poisoning Decompression sickness Gas embolism HPNS Hyperbaric
Respiration_(physiology)
Chemical element with atomic number 7 (N)
bond in any diatomic molecule after carbon monoxide (CO), dominates nitrogen chemistry. This causes difficulty for both organisms and industry in converting
Nitrogen
Type of synthetic microstructure
The carbon source for the CVD of VANTAs is most commonly a carbon gas such as methane, ethylene, acetylene, benzene, xylene, or carbon monoxide. Other
Vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays
Vertically_aligned_carbon_nanotube_arrays
Iron and oxygen-binding protein
ring" that comes from the heme center binding to carbon monoxide. Raw meat packed in a carbon monoxide atmosphere also shows this same pink "smoke ring"
Myoglobin
Gas layer surrounding Mars
composed of carbon dioxide (95%), molecular nitrogen (2.85%), and argon (2%). It also contains trace levels of water vapor, oxygen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen
Atmosphere_of_Mars
Chemical compound
akin to steam reforming, the reaction of methane and water to give carbon monoxide and hydrogen. In the Shawinigan Process, hydrocarbons, e.g. propane
Hydrogen_cyanide
Triatomic oxygen molecule
compounds, where it is used to sever carbon-carbon bonds. It can also be used for bleaching substances and for killing microorganisms in air and water
Ozone
Life that does not originate on Earth
Earth is largely composed of carbon, but there could be other hypothetical types of biochemistry. A replacement for carbon would need to be able to create
Extraterrestrial_life
Hydrocarbon compound (C6H6)
is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar hexagonal ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. As it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms
Benzene
Hydrocarbon compound (H2C=CH2)
musky" odour when pure. It is the simplest alkene (a hydrocarbon with carbon–carbon double bonds). Ethylene is widely used in the chemical industry, and
Ethylene
Chemical acid found in vinegar
acetic acid, around 30% of which was used for the manufacture of indigo dye. Because both methanol and carbon monoxide are commodity raw materials, methanol
Acetic_acid
Power generation technology
B. Eichhorn (2008). "Ru–Pt core–shell nanoparticles for preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in hydrogen". Nature Materials. 7 (4): 333–338. Bibcode:2008NatMa
Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell
Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell
Hydrocarbon composed of multiple aromatic rings
sediments with a higher natural total organic carbon content (TOC) tend to accumulate PAHs due to high sorption capacity of organic matter. A similar correspondence
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon
Silicon-based subclass of lithium-ion battery technology
silicon monoxide, or silicon nitride. The first laboratory experiments with lithium-silicon materials took place in the early to mid-1970s. Silicon carbon composite
Lithium–silicon_battery
Production of syngas from coal
of producing syngas—a mixture consisting primarily of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapour (H2O)—from
Coal_gasification
Inorganic radical with the chemical formula NH
; Rathmann, K. (1990). "Elementary reaction of imidogen (a1Δ) with carbon monoxide". Journal of Physical Chemistry. 94 (9): 3636–3639. doi:10.1021/j100372a050
Imidogen
Chemical compound
The simplicity of this short carbon chain compound leads to very low emissions of particulate matter during combustion. For these reasons as well as being
Dimethyl_ether
Use of oxygen as a medical treatment
enriched air at altitude. Acute indications for therapy include hypoxemia (low blood oxygen levels), carbon monoxide toxicity and cluster headache. It may also
Oxygen_therapy
Matter with biological processes
Life is the capacity in matter, formed of one or more units called cells, for processes such as cell signaling, homeostasis, metabolism, cell growth,
Life
Cyclic compound (C2H4O)
simplest epoxide: a three-membered ring consisting of one oxygen atom and two carbon atoms. Ethylene oxide is a colorless and flammable gas with a faintly sweet
Ethylene_oxide
Isotope of hydrogen with one neutron
ways for helium to combine with hydrogen or with itself (no stable nucleus has a mass number of 5 or 8) meant that an insignificant amount of carbon, or
Deuterium
Phenomenon of surface adhesion
support surfaces. The model appears to have been first proposed for carbon monoxide on silica-supported platinum by Brandt et al. (1993). A similar,
Adsorption
Comparison of costs of different electricity generation sources
combustion. Costs of its combustion include emission of greenhouse gases carbon monoxide and dioxide, as well as nitrogen oxides (NOx), which damage the human
Cost_of_electricity_by_source
Organic compound used in plastics manufacture
before being quenched in aqueous sulfuric acid. Excess propylene, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and dinitrogen that do not dissolve are vented directly
Acrylonitrile
Organic compound
advocacy group, ethanol as a fuel reduces harmful tailpipe emissions of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, oxides of nitrogen, and other ozone-forming pollutants
Ethanol
Chemical compound
NOx production. Since ammonia contains no carbon, its combustion cannot produce carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, or soot. At high temperature
Ammonia
Molecular gases which transmit information
neurotransmitters and are called gasotransmitters. These include nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide. Historically, the study of gases and physiological
Gaseous_signaling_molecules
Poisonous and flammable gas
per year in the U.S. (2011–2017 data), second only to carbon monoxide (17 deaths per year) for workplace chemical inhalation deaths. Exposure limits stipulated
Hydrogen_sulfide
Chemical compound hydrogen phosphide
thereby demonstrating that P2H4 is responsible for spontaneous flammability associated with PH3, and also for the characteristic orange/brown color that can
Phosphine
Chemical element with atomic number 18 (Ar)
produced by the arc and also carbon dioxide. They operated the arc until no more reduction of volume of the gas could be seen for at least an hour or two and
Argon
Oxygen-delivering blood cell and the most common type of blood cell
colorimetric techniques. Hemoglobin also has a very high affinity for carbon monoxide, forming carboxyhemoglobin which is a very bright red in color. Flushed
Red_blood_cell
Chemical compound
pure product, e.g. for use in the food industry. The reaction can also be triggered by blue light. Small amounts of hydrogen chloride for laboratory use can
Hydrogen_chloride
Theorem in classical statistical mechanics
average kinetic and potential energies for a system at a given temperature, from which the system's heat capacity can be computed. However, equipartition
Equipartition_theorem
Chemical compound
share two or more atoms.) The eight carbon atoms that are not shared by the two rings carry one hydrogen atom each. For purpose of the standard IUPAC nomenclature
Naphthalene
Form of water
Yulii Borisovich Khariton concluded that heavy water and carbon were the only feasible moderators for a natural uranium reactor, and in August 1940, along
Heavy_water
sensors. Carbon monoxide Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO, is a colorless, odorless, tasteless yet highly toxic gas. Carbon monoxide detector
Glossary_of_fuel_cell_terms
Toxic chemical compound (NaCN)
prepared by the Castner process involving the reaction of sodium amide with carbon at elevated temperatures. NaNH2 + C → NaCN + H2 The structure of solid NaCN
Sodium_cyanide
Organic compound (H–CHO); simplest aldehyde
microwave spectroscopy. The bond lengths are 1.21 Å for the carbon–oxygen bond and around 1.11 Å for the carbon–hydrogen bond, while the H–C–H bond angle is
Formaldehyde
Chemical element with atomic number 8 (O)
Society. "Carbon Monoxide". Archived from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved September 22, 2008. Piantadosi CA (2004). "Carbon monoxide poisoning"
Oxygen
Chemical compound
"anthracene oil". Since their (inaccurate) measurements showed the proportions of carbon and hydrogen of it to be the same as in naphthalene, Laurent called it paranaphtaline
Anthracene
Chemical compound of sulfur and oxygen
Will global warming 'stop' as soon as net-zero emissions are reached?". Carbon Brief. Retrieved March 3, 2023. Hassan T, Allen RJ, et al. (June 27, 2022)
Sulfur_dioxide
Composite material consisting of ceramic fibers in a ceramic matrix
above about 500 °C (932 °F). It burns to form carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide. It also oxidizes in strong oxidizing agents like concentrated nitric
Ceramic_matrix_composite
Chemical compound (SiH4)
Magnesium silicide Methane, in which carbon (in that compound) and silicon (in this compound) are together in the carbon group. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical
Silane
Type of carbon materials
Carbide-derived carbon (CDC), also known as tunable nanoporous carbon, is the common term for carbon materials derived from carbide precursors, such as
Carbide-derived_carbon
Chemical compound with formula NaCl
it is a major source of sodium and chlorine compounds used as feedstocks for further chemical syntheses. Another major application of sodium chloride
Sodium_chloride
Chemical element with atomic number 13 (Al)
carbon monoxide; see Sanchez, Ramiro; Arrington, Caleb; Arrington Jr., C. A. (December 1, 1989). "Reaction of trimethylaluminum with carbon monoxide in
Aluminium
Chemical compound
Th2 response, so is useful for immunizing against pathogens that are blocked by antibodies. However, it has little capacity to stimulate cellular (Th1)
Aluminium_hydroxide
Medical condition
harmful to all forms of life just like chlorine gas poisoning and carbon monoxide poisoning. It is easily absorbed through the lungs and its inhalation
Nitrogen_dioxide_poisoning
Organic chemical compound
plants, and yeast involve the conversion of pyruvate into acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide by the enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase, followed by the conversion
Acetaldehyde
Mars 2020 electrochemical experiment
heaters alongside insulation, then splits the carbon dioxide (CO 2) molecules into oxygen (O) and carbon monoxide (CO) using solid oxide electrolysis, where
Mars_Oxygen_ISRU_Experiment
Chemical compound
Streitwieser, Andrew (1956). "Solvolytic Displacement Reactions At Saturated Carbon Atoms". Chemical Reviews. 56 (4): 571–752. doi:10.1021/cr50010a001. "Scintillation
Sodium_iodide
Chemical compound
for Kalama Specialty Chemicals, Beaufort, Beaufort County, South Carolina, United States Environmental Protection Agency NIST Chemistry WebBook for C3H5N
Propionitrile
Impact of human life on Earth and environment
In urban buses, biodiesel reduced particulate emissions 32 percent, carbon monoxide emissions 35 percent, and emissions of sulfur oxides 8%, relative to
Human impact on the environment
Human_impact_on_the_environment
Toxic effects of breathing oxygen at high partial pressures
exposure for several days a proliferative phase occurs, developing a chronic thickening of the alveolar membrane and a decrement in lung diffusing capacity. These
Oxygen_toxicity
Oxide of silicon
as a fining agent for wine, beer, and juice, with the E number reference E551. In cosmetics, silica is useful for its light-diffusing properties and natural
Silicon_dioxide
Chemical compound
peroxide electrogeneration from O2 electroreduction: A review focusing on carbon electrocatalysts and environmental applications". Chemosphere. 352 141456
Hydrogen_peroxide
Hydrocarbon compound (CH4) in natural gas
by hydrogenating carbon dioxide through the Sabatier process. Methane is also a side product of the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide in the Fischer–Tropsch
Methane
Organic compound with the formula H2C=C=O
name for ketene, an organic compound with formula C2H2O or H2C=C=O. It is the simplest member of the ketene class. It is an important reagent for acetylations
Ethenone
Chemical compound
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). "N-butyronitrile - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology
Butyronitrile
Chemical element with metallic and nonmetallic properties
antimony and tellurium. Five elements are less frequently so classified: carbon, aluminium, selenium, polonium and astatine. On a standard periodic table
Metalloid
Chemical compound
equilibration with its precursor, chlorine, and its anhydride, dichlorine monoxide. Because of its strong antimicrobial properties, the related compounds
Hypochlorous_acid
Chemical compound
Lung function should be monitored via Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) or Carbon Monoxide Diffusing Capacity (DLCO) tests to determine patients risk of developing
Lomustine
Chemical element with atomic number 25 (Mn)
form of ferrocene (Fe(C5H5)2). When conducted under an atmosphere of carbon monoxide, reduction of Mn(II) salts gives dimanganese decacarbonyl Mn2(CO)10
Manganese
Organic compound (CH3–C≡N); simplest organic nitrile
it is used as a solvent for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and photographic film. Acetonitrile is a common two-carbon building block in organic
Acetonitrile
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