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Statistical property of a test item
Differential item functioning (DIF) is a statistical property of a test item that indicates how likely it is for individuals from distinct groups, possessing
Differential_item_functioning
Paradigm for the design, analysis, and scoring of tests
response to an item is a mathematical function of person and item parameters. (The expression "a mathematical function of person and item parameters" is
Item_response_theory
Score from a test designed to assess intelligence
(2000).Item Response Theory for Psychologists. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum. Zumbo, B.D. (2007). "Three generations of differential item functioning (DIF)
Intelligence_quotient
Software used for psychometric analysis
There is also an R Shiny tool for reproducible Rasch analysis, differential item functioning, equating, and examination of group effects. Additionally, an
Psychometric_software
Type of cognitive style measurement and model
agreement over nomenclature. To measure self-report consistency, a differential item functioning review of HBDI was published in 2007 by Jared Lees. However
Herrmann brain dominance instrument
Herrmann_brain_dominance_instrument
Methods of safely sharing general data
Differential privacy (DP) is a mathematically rigorous framework for releasing statistical information about datasets while protecting the privacy of individual
Differential_privacy
Educational testing and assessment organization
analysis); Paul Holland (differential item functioning, test equating, causal modeling); Howard Wainer (differential item functioning, Testlet Response Theory
Educational_Testing_Service
Mathematical notion of infinitesimal difference
differences and the derivatives of functions. The term is used in various branches of mathematics such as calculus, differential geometry, algebraic geometry
Differential_(mathematics)
Standardized test used for U.S. college admissions
students. One set of studies has reported differential item functioning, namely, that some test questions function differently based on the racial group of
SAT
Topics referred to by the same term
Integral de la Familia (Integral Family Development), Mexico Differential item functioning, a statistical procedure Differentiation-inducing factor Djurgårdens
DIF
American statistician
References for other publications Computerized adaptive testing Differential item functioning Test validity "Profiles in Research". Journal of Educational
Howard_Wainer
American psychology professor
psychometrics (especially in the areas of reliability and differential item functioning), and validity generalization/meta-analysis. Raju was a SIOP
Nambury_S._Raju
Area of scientific research
but were not set up to get rid of any sex differences (read differential item functioning). They summarized his conclusions finding "No evidence was found
Sex differences in intelligence
Sex_differences_in_intelligence
S-shaped curve
decaying gap. The differential equation derived above is a special case of a general differential equation that only models the sigmoid function for x > 0 {\displaystyle
Logistic_function
Field of study in Psychology
improve the construct validity of such items. The same group used AIG to study differential item functioning (DIF) and gender differences associated
Automatic_item_generation
German-language identity and ancestry term
ISSN 0969-594X. Feskens, Remco; Fox, Jean-Paul; Zwitser, Robert (2019), "Differential Item Functioning in PISA Due to Mode Effects", in Veldkamp, Bernard P.; Sluijter
Migration_background
Questionnaire to help people choose a career path
equivalence of vocational interests across culture and gender: Differential item functioning in the Strong Interest Inventory. (Order No. 3023048, University
Strong_Interest_Inventory
Statistical property of measurement
external validation hinges on the assumption of comparability. Differential item functioning Vandenberg, Robert J.; Lance, Charles E. (2000). "A Review and
Measurement_invariance
American statistician (born 1940)
6(9): 813-827. Holland, P. W., & Howard Wainer (editors) (2012) Differential Item Functioning. Routledge ISBN 9781138967694 Paul Holland at National Academy
Paul_W._Holland
Administration of psychological tests
the probability of correctly answering items, as encapsulated in the concept of differential item functioning. Often tests are constructed for a specific
Psychological_testing
Japanese psychometrician (born 1930)
journals, focusing on the extension of Item Response Theory, differential item functioning, and test information functions. Her rigorous, mathematically detailed
Fumiko_Samejima
Outcome type in clinical trials
ISSN 0895-4356. PMID 18359194. Scott, NW; et al. (2010). "Differential item functioning (DIF) analyses of health-related quality of life instruments
Patient-reported_outcome
American statistician and psychologist
"A more general model for testing measurement invariance and differential item functioning". Psychological Methods. 22 (3): 507–526. doi:10.1037/met0000077
Daniel_J._Bauer
Inclusion of one mathematical structure in another, preserving properties of interest
injective function f : X → Y {\displaystyle f:X\to Y} is necessarily a discrete subspace of its domain X . {\displaystyle X.} In differential topology:
Embedding
Psychometric measurement scale
feelings for a given item. A scale can be created as the simple sum or average of questionnaire responses over the set of individual items (questions). In
Likert_scale
Taiwanese and New Zealand statistician
could pan out. More specifically, her research has concerned differential item functioning, dimension reduction for data whose components have mixed types
Ivy_Liu
Admissions Criteria Using Hierarchical Linear Models, Item Response Theory and Differential Item Functioning Analyses: A Study of the University of California's
Early Academic Outreach Program
Early_Academic_Outreach_Program
Psychological measure
(August 2022). "Measuring autism in males and females with a differential item functioning approach: Results from a nation-wide population-based study"
Autism – Tics, AD/HD, and other Comorbidities
Autism_–_Tics,_AD/HD,_and_other_Comorbidities
Circulation density in a vector field
spaces. In 3 dimensions, a differential 0-form is a real-valued function f ( x , y , z ) {\displaystyle f(x,y,z)} ; a differential 1-form is the following
Curl_(mathematics)
first-order partial differential equation is a partial differential equation that involves the first derivatives of an unknown function u {\displaystyle
First-order partial differential equation
First-order_partial_differential_equation
important discoveries and innovations. Many of these items named after Euler include their own unique function, equation, formula, identity, number (single or
List of topics named after Leonhard Euler
List_of_topics_named_after_Leonhard_Euler
Psychological self-assessment
helps measure mood based on Carroll Izard's differential emotions theory, The DES consists of thirty items, three for each of the ten fundamental emotions
Differential_Emotions_Scale
this pressure differential has been utilized for everything from automatic locks and windshield wipers to operating emissions control items. Engine vacuum
Vacuum_delay_valve
Function that takes one or more functions as an input or that outputs a function
The differential operator in calculus is a common example, since it maps a function to its derivative, also a function. Higher-order functions should
Higher-order_function
Fungus infection of the skin
the skin dry, not walking barefoot in public, and not sharing personal items. Treatment is typically with antifungal creams such as clotrimazole or miconazole
Dermatophytosis
Extremely small quantity in calculus; thing so small that there is no way to measure it
generalization of the central limit theorem). Mathematics portal Cantor function Differential (mathematics) Indeterminate form Infinitesimal calculus Infinitesimal
Infinitesimal
Divergent sum of positive unit fractions
throughout the recursion, as a function of the number of other items that separate them in the final sorted order. If items x {\displaystyle x} and y {\displaystyle
Harmonic_series_(mathematics)
Formula for the derivative of a product
who demonstrated it using "infinitesimals" (a precursor to the modern differential). (However, J. M. Child, a translator of Leibniz's papers, argues that
Product_rule
error in the measurement result. Differential pressure is the difference in pressure between two points. Differential pressure sensors are used to measure
Pressure_measurement
Generalization of definite integrals to functions of multiple variables
volume differential. The Riemann integral of a function defined over an arbitrary bounded n-dimensional set can be defined by extending that function to a
Multiple_integral
Model of differential privacy
Local differential privacy (LDP) is a model of differential privacy with the added requirement that if an adversary has access to the personal responses
Local_differential_privacy
Instrument for measuring heat
of chemical reactions or physical changes as well as heat capacity. Differential scanning calorimeters, isothermal micro calorimeters, titration calorimeters
Calorimeter
special function eponyms in mathematics, to cover the theory of special functions, the differential equations they satisfy, named differential operators
List of eponyms of special functions
List_of_eponyms_of_special_functions
Device to measure temperature
Mechanics and Partial Differential Equations. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Continuum Mechanics and Partial Differential Equations, Rio de
Thermometer
Integral transform useful in probability theory, physics, and engineering
}}\quad z=\int X(x)x^{A}\,dx} as solutions of differential equations, introducing in particular the gamma function. Joseph-Louis Lagrange was an admirer of
Laplace_transform
Workplace for scientific activity
pressure Workshop Bertholf, Roger L. (2017). "Laboratory Structure and Function". Clinical Core Laboratory Testing. pp. 1–23. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-7794-6_1
Laboratory
Form of radar used to create images of landscapes
height, biomass, and deforestation. Volcano and earthquake monitoring use differential interferometry. SAR can also be applied for monitoring civil infrastructure
Synthetic-aperture_radar
British model construction system
began to be used in the construction of differential analysers, a type of analogue computer used to solve differential equations using methods which have since
Meccano
Index of articles associated with the same name
First-order partial differential equation, a partial differential equation that involves only first derivatives of the unknown function of n variables Order
First-order
Chemical lab apparatus for collecting water from a reactor
The Dean–Stark method is commonly used to measure moisture content of items such as bread in the food industry. This equipment can be used in cases
Dean–Stark_apparatus
Neurodevelopmental disorder
as low noradrenergic and dopaminergic functioning in brain regions and networks crucial for executive functioning and self-regulation. Typically, a number
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder
Scissor-like tool used for grasping hot objects in a laboratory
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Crucible_tongs
Glass jar used in scientific experiments
a classroom science experiment, where the experiment is repeated with an item such as an alarm clock placed under a bell jar, and the noise of the alarm
Bell_jar
Scientific instrument for observing small objects
came from the discovery of phase contrast by Frits Zernike in 1953, and differential interference contrast illumination by Georges Nomarski in 1955; both
Microscope
Glass laboratory container
A Florence flask/boiling flask is a type of flask used as an item of laboratory glassware and is named after the city Florence. It is used as a container
Florence_flask
Personality model consisting of five broad dimensions
TW (May 2016). "Temperament and arousal systems: A new synthesis of differential psychology and functional neurochemistry". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral
Big_Five_personality_traits
Precise measurement glassware
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Volumetric_pipette
Functions used to evaluate optimization algorithms
(5 May 2007). "Minimization of Keane's Bump Function by the Repulsive Particle Swarm and the Differential Evolution Methods". MPRA Paper. University Library
Test functions for optimization
Test_functions_for_optimization
Double-walled insulated storage vessel
will expand at different rates. The vacuum flask can rupture due to the differential in thermal expansion between the outer and inner walls. Expansion joints
Vacuum_flask
corresponding value function w ( t ) {\displaystyle w(t)} is bounded and Lipschitz continuous, and the differential equation for this value function is derived
Robbins'_problem
Electrical safety device used in household wiring
operate by measuring the current balance between two conductors using a differential current transformer. This measures the difference between current flowing
Residual-current_device
Classification scheme for mathematics
variables and analytic spaces 33: Special functions 34: Ordinary differential equations 35: Partial differential equations 37: Dynamical systems and ergodic
Mathematics Subject Classification
Mathematics_Subject_Classification
Mathematical function, inverse of an exponential function
complex analysis and algebraic geometry as differential forms with logarithmic poles. The polylogarithm is the function defined by Li s ( z ) = ∑ k = 1 ∞ z
Logarithm
Function of the electronic stability control on production motor vehicles
conventionally controlled by using a differential. A further enhancement of the differential is to employ an active differential that can vary the amount of power
Traction_control_system
Compulsive eating of non-food items
mild aversions which foods are good and which ones they should not eat. Differential reinforcement is also commonly used to block pica responses by redirecting
Pica_(disorder)
a group of algorithms for solving differential equations using a hierarchy of discretizations Partial differential equation: Crank–Nicolson method for
List_of_algorithms
Pressurised heating apparatus
research-grade autoclaves performing similar research-related tasks. Even when functioning within intended parameters, the medical-grade autoclaves consumed 700
Autoclave
Vacuum insulated container
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Cryogenic_storage_dewar
Laboratory flask with a flat bottom
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Erlenmeyer_flask
Pipe with a wide top and narrow bottom
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Laboratory_funnel
Shallow dish used to hold cell cultures
common type of culture plate. The Petri dish is one of the most common items in biology laboratories and has entered popular culture. The term is sometimes
Petri_dish
Ability to perceive and process information about one's surroundings
Ballard, Biological Sensitivity to Family Income: Differential Effects on Early Executive Functioning. Child Dev, 2016. 87(2): p. 374-84. Xu, Y., et al
Environmental_sensitivity
an accompanying table) List of zeta functions A differential equation is an equation involving an unknown function and its derivatives. In a dynamical
Lists_of_mathematics_topics
Laboratory equipment for producing an open flame
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Alcohol_burner
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
executive function, visuospatial functioning, or other areas of cognition. The neurocognitive changes must be a decline from a prior level of function, and
Alzheimer's_disease
Series of British mid-size luxury SUVs
five-speed manual with drive via a transfer case with a lockable centre differential. Initially – and regardless of exterior colour choice – much of the interior
Land_Rover_Discovery
Genetic disorder caused by a mutation of chromosome 15
the functioning maternal copy of UBE3A in order to develop normally. In an individual with AS, the maternal UBE3A copy is absent or not functioning normally
Angelman_syndrome
Russian mathematician (1930–1997)
and probabilist and one of the founders of the theory of stochastic differential equations. Ruslan Stratonovich was born on 31 May 1930 in Moscow. He
Ruslan_Stratonovich
Scientific instrument
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Melting-point_apparatus
Pipe with a wide top and narrow bottom
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Funnel
Agents and situations that pose a threat to the underwater diver
helmet or full face mask will automatically equalise as any pressure differential will either vent through the exhaust valve or open the demand valve and
Diving_hazards
Laboratory glassware
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Volumetric_flask
Ways of assessing the function of the kidneys
assessment can be used to assess the function of the kidneys. This is because a person with abnormally functioning kidneys may have symptoms that develop
Assessment_of_kidney_function
Sealable enclosures containing desiccants to preserve moisture-sensitive items
enclosures containing desiccants used for preserving moisture-sensitive items such as cobalt chloride paper for another use. A common use for desiccators
Desiccator
Test to measure cognitive impairment
(November 2006). "Item and scale differential functioning of the Mini-Mental Status Exam assessed using the Differential Item and Test Functioning (DFIT) Framework"
Mini–mental_state_examination
Index of articles associated with the same name
Cyclic homology, an approximation of K-theory used in non-commutative differential geometry Cyclic module, a module generated by a single element Cyclic
Cyclic_(mathematics)
Cognitive processing, either influenced or not
dichotomy within executive functioning. Executive functioning has long been considered as a domain general cognitive function, but there has been support
Hot_and_cold_cognition
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in the relative fitness endowed on them by their own
Natural_selection
Consequence affecting an organism's future behavior
responded or not. Simple schedules are utilized in many differential reinforcement procedures: Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) - A conditioning
Reinforcement
Topics referred to by the same term
Liechtenstein Li, the polylogarithm function Li, the logarithmic integral function <li></li>, indicating an item in an HTML list; see HTML element <li>
Li
Difficulty keeping organised to complete tasks
conduct disorder, high functioning autism, and Tourette's syndrome have all been suggested to involve executive functioning deficits. The main focus
Executive_dysfunction
Filtration apparatus used in a chemistry lab
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Büchner_funnel
Laboratory glassware
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Separatory_funnel
Scientific equipment
surface, for example: a tapered item such as a filter funnel or separatory funnel. a clay triangle, which itself supports an item such as a crucible. a wire
Clamp_stand
Laboratory device used to make fire from fuel and oxidizer gases
opening or closing the slot openings at the base of the barrel, similar in function to the choke in a carburettor. If the collar at the bottom of the tube
Bunsen_burner
Small container used in laboratories
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Cuvette
Screening tool for alcohol problems
that the CAGE is typically used. Internal consistency (whether all of the items measure the same construct) is not usually reported in studies of the CAGE;
CAGE_questionnaire
Laboratory apparatus
Thermochemistry Calorimeter differential scanning Melting-point apparatus Thermometer Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) Other items Analytical balance Colony
Soxhlet_extractor
Concept in auction theory
{\displaystyle Outcome} function is the same in both mechanisms - the highest bidder wins the item; and: A player who values the item as 0 always pays 0 in
Revenue_equivalence
Sheet of fire retardant material used to smother fires
on fire. Fire blankets, along with fire extinguishers, are fire safety items that can be useful in case of a fire. These nonflammable materials are stable
Fire_blanket
DIFFERENTIAL ITEM-FUNCTIONING
DIFFERENTIAL ITEM-FUNCTIONING
DIFFERENTIAL ITEM-FUNCTIONING
DIFFERENTIAL ITEM-FUNCTIONING
DIFFERENTIAL ITEM-FUNCTIONING
DIFFERENTIAL ITEM-FUNCTIONING
DIFFERENTIAL ITEM-FUNCTIONING
DIFFERENTIAL ITEM-FUNCTIONING
DIFFERENTIAL ITEM-FUNCTIONING