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Archaic human species from Asia
The Denisovans or Denisova hominins (/dəˈnɪsəvə(nz)/ də-NIS-ə-və(nz)) are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic human that ranged across Asia during
Denisovan
Human hybridization during the Paleolithic
Interbreeding between archaic humans (such as Neanderthals and Denisovans) and anatomically modern humans (contemporaneous Homo sapiens) took place during
Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans
Interbreeding_between_archaic_and_modern_humans
Archaic human from China, 146,000 BP
belong to the same species as the Denisovans, and subsequent proteomics and mitochondrial DNA analyses confirmed its Denisovan affinities. The Harbin cranium
Harbin_cranium
Hominin fossil
000 year old fossil specimen belonging to a ~13-year-old Neanderthal-Denisovan hybrid girl. To date, she is the only first-generation hybrid hominin
Denny_(hybrid_hominin)
Cave and archaeological site in Russia
about 10,000 years earlier from South Africa from c. 61,000 years ago). Denisovans, Neanderthals and related hybrids may have inhabited the Denisova Cave
Denisova_Cave
Archaic human from Luzon, Philippines
closely related to or directly a member of the Denisovan taxon, based on the unusually high percentage of Denisovan DNA found in Ayta Magbukon populations (southern
Homo_luzonensis
Melanesian inhabitants of New Guinea
differ due to their Denisovan admixture.It's believed that Papuans underwent a secondary admixture event with Altai-related Denisovan populations after
Indigenous people of New Guinea
Indigenous_people_of_New_Guinea
Genus of hominins
remains poorly done. This has led to using common names ("Neanderthal" and "Denisovan"), even in scientific papers, to avoid trinomial names or the ambiguity
Homo
Genetic study of ancient Neanderthal DNA
human females and Neanderthal males. Neanderthals also interbred with Denisovans in the Siberian Altai Mountains. Genetic studies on Neanderthal ancient
Neanderthal_genetics
One of the two categories of Indigenous Australians
with Altai-related Denisovan populations after they diverged from the ancestors of East Asians, who already mixed with Denisovans. This event was also
Aboriginal_Australians
Hominin fossil
sequences in 2025 confirmed that the mandible represented that of a male Denisovan. The fossil was recovered sometime before 2008 by fishermen working in
Penghu_1
Extinct species of human
humans, Neanderthals are most closely related to Denisovans based on nuclear DNA (nDNA) analyses. Denisovans are an enigmatic group of Late Pleistocene humans
Neanderthal
Extinct species of archaic human
as either the last common ancestor of modern humans, Neanderthals, and Denisovans; or as a completely separate lineage. H. heidelbergensis was described
Homo_heidelbergensis
Subregion of Oceania
humans, dubbed 'Denisovans', interbred with us BBC News online (2010-12-22) report (with video) on study that shows that Denisovans interbred with the
Melanesia
Spread of humans from Africa through the world
which lived around 500,000 years ago and was the likely ancestor of Denisovans and Neanderthals as well as modern humans. Early hominids had likely crossed
Early_human_migrations
Evolutionary process
derive from Denisovans, indicating limited interbreeding in Southeast Asia. Alleles thought to have originated in Neanderthals and Denisovans have been
Human_evolution
Buddhist sanctuary and paleoanthrological site on the Tibetan Plateau in Gansu, China
way of palaeoproteomic analysis, is the first confirmed discovery of a Denisovan fossil outside of Denisova Cave. This fossil discovery shows that archaic
Baishiya_Karst_Cave
Paintings, often prehistoric, on cave walls and ceilings
the oldest of such paintings were created not by Homo sapiens, but by Denisovans and Neanderthals. Discussion around prehistoric art is important in understanding
Cave_painting
Species of hominid in the genus Homo
sub-Saharan-African populations, and Neanderthals and other hominins, such as Denisovans, may have contributed up to 6% of their genome to present-day non sub-Saharan-African
Human
Country in South Asia
Australia, Tasmania, and Papua New Guinea), picking up Neanderthal and Denisovan genes along the way; branches reached Europe somewhat later, and Americas
India
Hominin fossil
first confirmed discovery of a Denisovan fossil outside of Denisova Cave, and was the most complete confirmed Denisovan fossil before the identification
Xiahe_mandible
Chun-Hsiang; Cappellini, Enrico; Welker, Frido (2025-04-11). "A male Denisovan mandible from Pleistocene Taiwan". Science. 388 (6743): 176–180. Bibcode:2025Sci
List of human evolution fossils
List_of_human_evolution_fossils
Continent
Indian Ocean. Modern humans interbred with an archaic human species called Denisovans in Southeast Asia. Before the arrival of modern humans, Flores was occupied
Asia
Geographical region in the Pacific Ocean
in 2010, while no Eurasians or Africans displayed contributions of the Denisovan genes. The original inhabitants of the group of islands now named Melanesia
Oceania
Archipelagic country in Southeast Asia
displaced by later waves of migration. Some Philippine Negritos have a Denisovan admixture in their genome. Ethnic Filipinos generally belong to several
Philippines
Species of archaic human
which would encompass Xujiayao, Xuchang Man, Penghu 1, and possibly the Denisovans. Denisova Cave Baishiya Karst Cave Tam Ngu Hao 2 Cave Penghu 1 Xuchang
Homo_juluensis
Country in Eastern Europe and North Asia
oldest Denisovan specimen lived 195–122,700 years ago. Fossils of Denny, an archaic human hybrid that was half Neanderthal and half Denisovan, and lived
Russia
Paleogeneticist
identified that a teenage girl born 90,000 years ago had both Neanderthal and Denisovan parents. She was selected as one of Nature's 10 in 2018. Slon completed
Viviane_Slon
Ethnic group of the Philippines
into Philippine Negritos from Denisovans. The Ayta Magbukon in particular were found to possess the highest level of Denisovan ancestry in the world (between
Aeta_people
Old Stone Age ''Homo sapiens''
Denisovans caused by a genetic bottleneck of the latter was dated at 744,000 years ago, combined with repeated early admixture events and Denisovans diverging
Early_modern_human
Hominid skull fossil from Yunxian, China
team of researchers to believe the fossils are ancestral relatives of Denisovans. The first two skulls bear similarities to Dali Man, but are significantly
Yunxian_Man
Extinct species of archaic human
heidelbergensis—the last common ancestor of modern humans, Neanderthals, and Denisovans. As such a widely distributed species both geographically and temporally
Homo_erectus
Offspring of cross-species reproduction
and interbred with Neanderthals, Denisovans, and at least one other extinct Homo species. Thus, Neanderthal and Denisovan DNA has been incorporated into
Hybrid_(biology)
Overview of genetic research on Pleistocene epoch archaic and early modern humans"
and Denisovans (Homo denisova) diverged from a common ancestral population between c. 500-700 thousand years ago (kya). Neanderthals and Denisovans subsequently
Genetic history of Pleistocene humans
Genetic_history_of_Pleistocene_humans
Archaic human species from 2.4 to 1.65 mya
ergaster) (Au. sediba) H. heidelbergensis Homo sapiens Neanderthals Denisovans ← Earlier apes ← Gorilla split ← Chimpanzee split ← Earliest bipedal
Homo_habilis
Subregion of the Asian continent
Panninge individual branching off from the Near Oceanian clade after the Denisovan gene flow, although with the most supported topology indicating around
Southeast_Asia
the Denisovans, discovered from mitochondrial and nuclear genomes recovered from bone found in a cave in Siberia. Analysis showed that the Denisovan specimen
Molecular_paleontology
Hominin fossil from China
people of Japan. A 2025 study states that the Tianyuan Man had the highest Denisovan ancestry among East Eurasians. Ancient and modern East Asians derive most
Tianyuan_man
sapiens Peștera cu Oase Lagar Velho 1 Contemporary species Homo erectus Denisovan Homo floresiensis Homo naledi Homo sapiens Research Excavation sites Neanderthal
Neanderthal_extinction
Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islander peoples
Papuan and Mamanwa peoples carry some of the alleles associated with the Denisovan peoples of Asia, (not found amongst populations in mainland Asia) suggesting
Indigenous_Australians
Soft, thick, hairy coat of a mammal
dated the mutation to 240,000 years ago, both the Altai Neandertal and Denisovan peoples possessed the loss-of-function mutation, indicating it is much
Fur
Indigenous peoples from Mindanao in the Philippines
Southeast Asia. This is similar to the Sama Bajau people. The Manobo possess Denisovan admixture, much like the Mamanwa. Lumad Indigenous peoples of the Philippines
Manobo
Grouping by physical or social qualities
22 January 2011. Hawks, John (2013). "Significance of Neandertal and Denisovan Genomes in Human Evolution". Annual Review of Anthropology. 42 (1). Annual
Race_(human_categorization)
Archaeological scientist
human dispersals and extinctions across Eurasia, including Neanderthals, Denisovans and modern Homo sapiens. Douka completed a B.Sc. in archaeological conservation
Katerina_Douka
Theory of early hominid migration
affinity within Neanderthals' mitochondrial genomes to Homo sapiens than Denisovans. An interpretation, with as of yet limited recognition, of a skull fragment
Recent African origin of modern humans
Recent_African_origin_of_modern_humans
Mountain range in Central–East Asia
earth to retain an ice age fauna. The Altai mountains were home to the Denisovan branch of hominids who were contemporaries of Neanderthals and of Homo
Altai_Mountains
Geographical region of Russia comprising North Asia
Siberia around 40,000 years ago: H. sapiens, H. neanderthalensis, and the Denisovans. In 2010, DNA evidence identified the last as a separate species. Late
Siberia
Protein found in humans
adaptation in humans. One such allele, which has been inherited from Denisovan archaic hominins, is known to confer increased athletic performance in
EPAS1
Front of a head
cold climate via fat distribution – introgressed from ancient humans – Denisovans – into the modern humans Native Americans. Another study found look-alike
Face
Period of human history before records
ergaster) (Au. sediba) H. heidelbergensis Homo sapiens Neanderthals Denisovans ← Earlier apes ← Gorilla split ← Chimpanzee split ← Earliest bipedal
Prehistory
Hominin fossil
Asian contemporaries represent these enigmatic "Denisovans", but this is impossible to confirm as Denisovans are only identifiable from DNA instead of any
Dali_Man
Effort to sequence the Neanderthal genome
with modern humans multiple times, and that Neanderthals interbred with Denisovans only once, as evidenced in the genome of modern-day Melanesians. In 2006
Neanderthal_genome_project
People of Andaman archipelago
genetically roughly equidistant to Denisovans and Neanderthals. Other studies state that Andaman Islanders have Denisovan ancestry but it's lower than what's
Andamanese_peoples
French paleoanthropologist
to the Denisovan lineage, despite the absence of recoverable DNA. This discovery significantly expanded the known geographic range of Denisovans and demonstrated
Jean-Jacques_Hublin
Research institute based in Leipzig, Germany
recently published Neanderthal genome. A new population was described, Denisovans, which contributed 4-6% of its genome to modern Melanesians, similar to
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Max_Planck_Institute_for_Evolutionary_Anthropology
Ethnic group and nation
Greenland and North America. Icelanders also have an anomalously high Denisovan genetic heritage. Despite Iceland's historical isolation, the genetic
Icelanders
Upper Paleolithic culture of Europe
Matthias; Kelso, Janet; Peter, Benjamin M.; Pääbo, Svante (30 October 2020). "Denisovan ancestry and population history of early East Asians". Science. 370 (6516):
Aurignacian
Study of the past through preserved genetic material.
relatively few individuals, and suffered from inbreeding depression. Denisovans, a distinct lineage of hominin initially categorized from a Siberian bone
Paleogenetics
German biochemist, geneticist and paleontologist
DNA of a Denisovan individual from 30 milligrams of powdered material from a finger bone. This enabled him to demonstrate that the Denisovans represented
Johannes_Krause
Transfer of genetic material from one species to another
There is strong evidence for the introgression of Neanderthal genes and Denisovan genes into parts of the modern human gene pool. The Mallard duck is possibly
Introgression
Region in central Asia
2010 discovery of 50,000-year-old fossils of a new kind of human, the Denisovans. Since then, Neanderthal bones, and tools crafted by Homo sapiens have
Altai-Sayan_region
Chinese archeologist
activities in the Tibetan Plateau, and revealed for the first time that the Denisovan hominins had spread throughout Asia rather than being located only near
Zhang_Dongju
ergaster) (Au. sediba) H. heidelbergensis Homo sapiens Neanderthals Denisovans ← Earlier apes ← Gorilla split ← Chimpanzee split ← Earliest bipedal
Pleistocene_human_diet
Japanese prehistorical period
M. (October 2025). "An early East Asian lineage with unexpectedly low Denisovan ancestry". Current Biology. 35 (20): 4898–4908.e4. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2025
Jōmon_period
Terrestrial locomotion using two limbs
ergaster) (Au. sediba) H. heidelbergensis Homo sapiens Neanderthals Denisovans ← Earlier apes ← Gorilla split ← Chimpanzee split ← Earliest bipedal
Bipedalism
Paleoanthropological site near Johannesburg, South Africa
ergaster) (Au. sediba) H. heidelbergensis Homo sapiens Neanderthals Denisovans ← Earlier apes ← Gorilla split ← Chimpanzee split ← Earliest bipedal
Cradle_of_Humankind
First stage of the Upper Paleolithic
Matthias; Kelso, Janet; Peter, Benjamin M.; Pääbo, Svante (30 October 2020). "Denisovan ancestry and population history of early East Asians". Science. 370 (6516):
Initial_Upper_Paleolithic
Winter et al., it is also present in the Vindija Neandertal and Altai Denisovan sequences. Hence the dating must be older than 700 00 kya and possibly
KRT41P
Family of primates
heidelbergensis specimens) Homo helmei† (probable early H. sapiens specimens) Denisovans (scientific name not yet assigned, may include Penghu 1)† Neanderthal
Hominidae
Island and region in Indonesia
Southeast Asian populations indicates the widespread dispersal of the Denisovans (a species currently recognisable only by their genetic signature) across
Java
Extinct species of elephant native to China
sp. perhaps the wild boar Sus scrofa),supplemental material as well as Denisovan archaic humans (Penghu 1). During glacial periods when the sea level was
Palaeoloxodon_huaihoensis
Hypothesis on the occurrence of human menopause
H. ergaster (?) H. floresiensis Penghu 1 H. heidelbergensis H. longi (Denisovans) H. luzonensis H. neanderthalensis H. rhodesiensis (?) Modern humans Homo
Patriarch_hypothesis
Speakers of Austronesian languages
broad groups based on Denisovan admixture. Philippine Negritos, Papuans, Melanesians, and Indigenous Australians display Denisovan admixture, while Malaysian
Austronesian_peoples
H. ergaster (?) H. floresiensis Penghu 1 H. heidelbergensis H. longi (Denisovans) H. luzonensis H. neanderthalensis H. rhodesiensis (?) Modern humans Homo
Human_skin_color
Records of Earth's development
ergaster) (Au. sediba) H. heidelbergensis Homo sapiens Neanderthals Denisovans ← Earlier apes ← Gorilla split ← Chimpanzee split ← Earliest bipedal
History_of_Earth
Archaeological period, part of Stone Age
ergaster) (Au. sediba) H. heidelbergensis Homo sapiens Neanderthals Denisovans ← Earlier apes ← Gorilla split ← Chimpanzee split ← Earliest bipedal
Middle_Paleolithic
Group of Austronesian indigenous people
Mamanwa language (or Minamanwa). They are genetically related to the Denisovans. "Mandaya" derives from man meaning 'first', and daya meaning 'upstream'
Lumad
Bag in Khongor, Darkhan-Uul, Mongolia
Matthias; Kelso, Janet; Peter, Benjamin M.; Pääbo, Svante (30 October 2020). "Denisovan ancestry and population history of early East Asians". Science. 370 (6516):
Salkhit
Extinct hominid from Miocene Africa
ergaster) (Au. sediba) H. heidelbergensis Homo sapiens Neanderthals Denisovans ← Earlier apes ← Gorilla split ← Chimpanzee split ← Earliest bipedal
Sahelanthropus
Fossil site in San Diego County, California
ergaster) (Au. sediba) H. heidelbergensis Homo sapiens Neanderthals Denisovans ← Earlier apes ← Gorilla split ← Chimpanzee split ← Earliest bipedal
Cerutti_Mastodon_site
Earliest anatomically modern humans in Europe and West Asia
Paleolithic Sunghir (34kya) population is consistent with a low amount of Denisovan ancestry among them, yet absent from the Kostenki14 specimen, which is
Cro-Magnon
Species of rodent
Cave, famous for being the site of the discovery of the first remains of Denisovans. Gray marmots live in social groups called extended families with multiple
Gray_marmot
Number of early modern human fossils found in Herto Bouri, Ethiopia
H. ergaster (?) H. floresiensis Penghu 1 H. heidelbergensis H. longi (Denisovans) H. luzonensis H. neanderthalensis H. rhodesiensis (?) Modern humans Homo
Herto_Man
Archaeological site
additional genetic affinity for Denisovans that is not matched by modern Native Americans; this additional Denisovan affinity is likely due to sampling
Upward_Sun_River_site
Archaeogenetic name for an ancestral genetic component
and ancient West Eurasians is also explained by both groups receiving Denisovan ancestry from similar sources. Altai hunter-gatherer (Altai_HG) is the
Ancient_North_Eurasian
Cave with prehistoric paintings in Spain
H. ergaster (?) H. floresiensis Penghu 1 H. heidelbergensis H. longi (Denisovans) H. luzonensis H. neanderthalensis H. rhodesiensis (?) Modern humans Homo
Cave_of_Altamira
Tribal peoples of Papua New Guinea
7 kya. Like other Papuans, the Baining have relatively high levels of Denisovan introgression (4%–6%), but slightly less than mainland Papuans. Pugach
Baining_people
Loss of a species of animal due to its combining with another species
Neanderthal and Denisovan origin have been located in the genome of modern humans in varying amounts dependent on location, and one Neanderthal-Denisovan hybrid
Despeciation
Hominin fossil from China
ergaster) (Au. sediba) H. heidelbergensis Homo sapiens Neanderthals Denisovans ← Earlier apes ← Gorilla split ← Chimpanzee split ← Earliest bipedal
Nanjing_Man
Extinct population of archaic humans
mandible (lower jaw) Levallois flake found at Nesher Ramla Biology portal Denisovan – Archaic human species from Asia Homo longi – Archaic human species from
Nesher_Ramla_Homo
Inferred statistical population
than 500,000 years ago at approximately the same time as that of the Denisovan and the Neanderthal populations did. In 2015, a study of the lineage and
Ghost_population
Species of primate (fossil)
ergaster) (Au. sediba) H. heidelbergensis Homo sapiens Neanderthals Denisovans ← Earlier apes ← Gorilla split ← Chimpanzee split ← Earliest bipedal
Homo_rhodesiensis
Upper Paleolithic archaeological site in Russia
into the Upper Paleolithic Sunghir population, consistent with traces of Denisovan ancestry. This type of ancestry is absent from the Kostenki14 specimen
Sungir
Material world and its phenomena
ergaster) (Au. sediba) H. heidelbergensis Homo sapiens Neanderthals Denisovans ← Earlier apes ← Gorilla split ← Chimpanzee split ← Earliest bipedal
Nature
Residence for humans to live in
Archaeological Site of Atapuerca, Homo floresiensis in Indonesia, and the Denisovans in southern Siberia. In southern Africa, early modern humans regularly
Home
Subregion of Asia
Derevianko AP, Kelso J, Prüfer K, Meyer M, Pääbo S (July 2017). "A fourth Denisovan individual". Science Advances. 3 (7) e1700186. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E0186S
North_Asia
Proposal that humans evolved certain features due to filling a semi-aquatic niche
H. ergaster (?) H. floresiensis Penghu 1 H. heidelbergensis H. longi (Denisovans) H. luzonensis H. neanderthalensis H. rhodesiensis (?) Modern humans Homo
Aquatic_ape_hypothesis
National Historic Site of Tanzania
ergaster) (Au. sediba) H. heidelbergensis Homo sapiens Neanderthals Denisovans ← Earlier apes ← Gorilla split ← Chimpanzee split ← Earliest bipedal
Olduvai_Gorge
First epoch of the Neogene Period
ergaster) (Au. sediba) H. heidelbergensis Homo sapiens Neanderthals Denisovans ← Earlier apes ← Gorilla split ← Chimpanzee split ← Earliest bipedal
Miocene
Archaeological culture in Southeast Asia
Malay Peninsula. However, Hoabinhian samples are found to have higher Denisovan admixture than Jōmon samples for instance. In modern populations, the
Hoabinhian
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