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Visualisation of the mechanics of a patient's defecation
Defecography (also known as proctography, defecating/defecation proctography, evacuating/evacuation proctography or dynamic rectal examination) is a type
Defecography
Medical condition
externally and can only be detected with investigations like proctoscopy or defecography. External rectal prolapse is a full thickness, circumferential prolapse
Internal_rectal_prolapse
Protrusion of the walls of the rectum outside the body
height of intussusception from the anal canal is usually estimated by defecography. Recto-rectal (high) intussusception (intra-rectal intussusception) is
Rectal_prolapse
Disturbance of muscular coordination
anorectal manometry (balloon expulsion test and anal sphincter EMG), defecography studies, and digital rectal examinations (DRE). Anorectal manometry involves
Dyssynergia
Abnormal dilation of the rectum
colon due to infection, also called megacolon. [citation needed] On defecography, megarectum is suggested by a rectal width of >9 cm at the level of the
Megarectum
Medical condition
vagina is weakened or missing due to loss of support from the bladder. On defecography, enterocele is defined as the presence of small bowel between the rectum
Enterocele
Bulging of the rectum into the vaginal wall
sphincter tone. Fluoroscopic defecography (FD), evacuation proctography, or dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MR defecography, MRD) may be used to evaluate
Rectocele
Medical condition
Conventional defecography or magnetic resonance defecography may be used. Between 50-100% of patients with SRUS will have abnormal defecography results. Defecography
Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome
Solitary_rectal_ulcer_syndrome
Inability to fully empty the rectum during bowel movements
anorectal manometry or anal surface electromyography, or imaging (e.g. defecography). Two subcategories exist within the functional defecation disorders
Obstructed_defecation
Condition where the perineum "balloons" below the bony outlet of the pelvis
cm below this imaginary line, or it descends 3–4 cm during straining. Defecography may also demonstrate abnormal perineal descent. Surgical treatments may
Descending_perineum_syndrome
Vertebrate organ through which food passes to the stomach
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Esophagus
Abnormal descent of the recto-uterine pouch
used to detect cul-de-sac hernia includes standard defecography, magnetic resonance defecography and dynamic transperineal ultrasound. Cul-de-sac hernias
Cul-de-sac_hernia
Surgical removal of the vermiform appendix
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Appendectomy
Squatting or sitting to defecate
constipation. Various "squat assist devices" are also commercially available. Defecography Human positions Hari Krishnan, R (April 2019). "A review on squat-assist
Defecation_postures
Minimally invasive operation within the abdominal or pelvic cavities
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Laparoscopy
Surgical procedure for management of obesity
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Bariatric_surgery
Examination of the bowel
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Colonoscopy
Surgical procedure in which a hole is cut into the colon and stoma is placed
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Colostomy
Medical condition
defecation syndrome. Sigmoidocele may be internal if it is only detectable on defecography, or external if it detectable without imaging and associated with a rectocele
Sigmoidocele
Parasitic roundworm that causes intestinal infection
helminth infection; TSO is being studied as a treatment for this disease. Defecography "Trichuris trichiura (Linnaeus, 1771)". Global Biodiversity Information
Trichuris_trichiura
Surgical procedures to fix abnormal openings through which tissue or organs may protrude
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Hernia_repair
Surgical procedure to treat gastric reflux and hiatal hernia
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Nissen_fundoplication
Set of criteria for liver transplantation
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Milan_criteria
Inability to refrain from defecation
for damage to the pudendal motor nerves. Proctography, also known as defecography, shows how much stool the rectum can hold, how well the rectum holds
Fecal_incontinence
Surgical procedure
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Ileostomy
Feeding tube going into the stomach through the nose and throat
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Gastric_intubation
Medical intervention
when defecography is conducted on healthy volunteers with no symptoms. Rectoceles are detected in 80% of healthy female volunteers on defecography. Some
Stapled trans-anal rectal resection
Stapled_trans-anal_rectal_resection
Major surgical procedure involving the pancreas, duodenum, and other organs
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Medical intervention
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Vertical banded gastroplasty surgery
Vertical_banded_gastroplasty_surgery
Surgical Procedure
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Stapled_hemorrhoidopexy
Infrequent or difficult bowel movements
ordered include anorectal manometry, anal sphincter electromyography, and defecography. Colonic propagating pressure wave sequences (PSs) are responsible for
Constipation
Medical examination of the large intestine from the rectum to the sigmoid colon
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Sigmoidoscopy
Branch of medicine focused on the digestive system and its disorders
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Gastroenterology
Surgical procedure
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Kocher_manoeuvre
Surgical weight-loss procedure involving reduction of stomach size
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Sleeve_gastrectomy
Use of endoscopy and fluoroscopy to treat and diagnose digestive issues
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy
Biliary_endoscopic_sphincterotomy
Operation to remove all or part of the colon
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Colectomy
Medical condition
than history and physical exam alone. Historically, fluoroscopy with defecography and cystography were used. More recently, MRI has been used to complement
Pelvic_floor_dysfunction
Inflatable silicone device
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Adjustable_gastric_band
Diagnostic endoscopic procedure
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Therapeutic endoscopic procedure that widens the esophagus
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Esophageal_dilation
Scoring system for assessing the severity of chronic liver disease
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Model for End-Stage Liver Disease
Model_for_End-Stage_Liver_Disease
Failure to relax the pelvic floor muscles during defecation
a manometer (pressure-sensing probe). defecating proctogram, and MRI defecography Anismus can be subcategorized into 4 types based on the results of anorectal
Anismus
General liver surgical technique
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Pringle_manoeuvre
Medical intervention
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Perianal injectable bulking agent
Perianal_injectable_bulking_agent
Surgical treatment for chronic pancreatitis
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Frey's_procedure
Type of bariatric surgery
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Gastric_bypass_surgery
Type of surgery
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Roux-en-Y_anastomosis
Digestive system in humans
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Human_digestive_system
Medical functional test of the anus and rectum
complemented with other diagnostic tests such as endoanal ultrasound, defecography or gut transit studies. High resolution anorectal manometry also experiences
Anorectal_manometry
Blood purification procedure using the abdominal peritoneum
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Peritoneal_dialysis
Surgical procedure
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Vagotomy
Medical procedure for breaking up hardened masses
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Lithotripsy
Surgical removal of the gallbladder
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Cholecystectomy
Minimally-invasive salivary gland surgical technique
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Sialoendoscopy
Surgical abdominal examination operation
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Exploratory_laparotomy
Medical device
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Sengstaken–Blakemore_tube
Use of endoscopy and fluoroscopy to treat and diagnose digestive issues
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Endoscopic_retrograde_cholangiopancreatography
Medical test for a bacterial infection
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Urea_breath_test
Surgical procedure for external rectal prolapse
dysfunction, even if high-grade internal rectal prolapse can be detected. When defecography is performed on healthy volunteers, internal rectal prolapse (rectal
Ventral_rectopexy
Operation removing part of the stomach
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Billroth_II
Medical intervention
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Pull-through_procedure
Medical diagnostic method
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Fecal_pH_test
Medical procedure
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Inguinal_hernia_surgery
Medical examination of the anal canal
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Anoscopy
Process of clearing the stomach contents
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Gastric_lavage
Radiographs used to examine abnormalities of the digestive system excluding the colon
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Upper_gastrointestinal_series
Feeding tube going into the stomach through the abdominal wall
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
Percutaneous_endoscopic_gastrostomy
Injection of substances into peritoneum (body cavity)
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Intraperitoneal_injection
Medical imaging of the biliary tract
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
Percutaneous_transhepatic_cholangiography
Process of transplantation of fecal bacteria from a healthy individual into a recipient
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Fecal_microbiota_transplant
Surgical removal of all or part of the pancreas
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Pancreatectomy
Surgical procedure to drain gallbladder
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Cholecystostomy
Surgical operation
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Gastropexy
Surgical removal (all or part) of the liver
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Hepatectomy
Medical examination of fecal matter
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Stool_test
Medical procedure
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Proctoscopy
Weight-loss surgery
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Duodenal_switch
Form of body fluid sampling procedure
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Paracentesis
Surgical resection of the large intestine
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Hartmann's_operation
Surgical procedure in which a part of an intestine is removed
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Bowel_resection
Medical intervention
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Macewen's_operation
Medical imaging of the colon
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Virtual_colonoscopy
Test for the presence for occult blood
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Stool_guaiac_test
Scoring system to assess the prognosis of chronic liver disease
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Child–Pugh_score
Medical imaging technique
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
Magnetic_resonance_cholangiopancreatography
Medical test for patients with vitamin B12 deficiency
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Schilling_test
Surgical technique for treatment of rectal cancer
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Total_mesorectal_excision
Surgical procedure to open the abdominal cavity
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Laparotomy
Radiography of the portal vein after injection of radioopaque contrast material
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Portography
Medical intervention
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Esophageal_stent
Medical classification system used for procedural coding
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
ICD-10 Procedure Coding System
ICD-10_Procedure_Coding_System
Type of medical scan
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Abdominal_ultrasonography
Type of organ transplantation
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Liver_transplantation
Medical assessment or diagnostic procedure
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Rectal_examination
Medical diagnostic method
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Ranson_criteria
Medical test
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Esophageal_motility_study
Surgery
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Digestive_system_surgery
Surgical diagnostic procedure
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Diagnostic_peritoneal_lavage
Medical intervention
endoscopy Enteroscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Abdominal ultrasonography Defecography Double-contrast barium enema Endoanal ultrasound Enteroclysis Lower gastrointestinal
Surgical management of fecal incontinence
Surgical_management_of_fecal_incontinence
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