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Mineral extraction from the ocean floor
Deep sea mining is the extraction of minerals from the seabed of the deep sea. The main ores of commercial interest are polymetallic nodules, which are
Deep_sea_mining
Fissure in a planet's surface from which heated water emits
of commercially attaining this sulfide via deep sea mining. The effects of commercially extracting deep sea minerals are largely unknown due to the extremely
Hydrothermal_vent
Investigation of ocean conditions beyond the continental shelf
Deep-sea exploration is the investigation of physical, chemical, and biological conditions on the ocean waters and sea bed beyond the continental shelf
Deep-sea_exploration
Canadian deep sea mining company
Metals Company, formerly DeepGreen Metals, is a Canadian deep sea mining exploration company. The company focuses on the mining of polymetallic (nickel
The_Metals_Company
Bottom of the ocean
seabed involves extracting valuable minerals from sulfide deposits via deep sea mining, as well as dredging sand from shallow environments for construction
Seabed
Mineral concretion found on the sea bottom
mining could affect tens of thousands of square kilometers of deep-sea ecosystems, and ecosystems take millions of years to recover. Deep sea mining –
Manganese_nodule
Developing countries that are small island countries
Island Developing States (SIDS) are complex actors within the field of deep-sea mining. SIDS are small island communities that hold the status of developing
Small Island Developing States
Small_Island_Developing_States
Fracture zone of the Pacific Ocean seabed
19,700 ft). The Clarion-Clipperton Zone is regularly considered for deep-sea mining due to the rich deposits of manganese, nickel, copper, and cobalt.
Clarion–Clipperton_zone
Largest ocean
emerging threat for the Pacific Ocean is the development of deep-sea mining. Deep-sea mining is aimed at extracting manganese nodules that contain minerals
Pacific_Ocean
Explanation of Nauru's triggering of the 2-year rule for deep-sea mining regulation
a concrete agreement. Even if it fails to set clear standards for deep-sea mining activities, the ISA must consider applications for exploitation in
Deep-sea mining regulations in Nauru
Deep-sea_mining_regulations_in_Nauru
Intergovernmental body to regulate mineral-related activities on the seabed
any commercial mining contracts as it continues to deliberate over regulations amid global calls for a moratorium on deep sea mining. Scientists and
International Seabed Authority
International_Seabed_Authority
Groups of organisms living deep below the sea surface, sharing a habitat
A deep-sea community is any community of organisms associated with a shared habitat in the deep sea. Deep sea communities remain largely unexplored, due
Deep-sea_community
Type of electric vehicle
We Know About Deep-Sea Mining — and What We Don't". World Resource Institute. Cherry, Isabelle (17 May 2024). "Deep Sea Mineral Mining: Impacts on Marine
Battery_electric_vehicle
Extracting minerals from the seabed
concept includes mining at shallow depths on the continental shelf and deep-sea mining at greater depths associated with tectonic activity, hydrothermal vents
Seabed_mining
Environmental non-governmental organization
risk of mining below the waves". Reuters. 3 July 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2022. "Greenpeace stages Pacific Ocean protest against deep-sea mining". Reuters
Greenpeace
Environmental safeguarding tool for deep sea mining
underdeveloped for deep-sea mining. Conducting EIAs for deep-sea mining is challenging due to the fragile and unique nature of deep-sea ecosystems, insufficient
Environmental Impact Assessment in deep sea mining
Environmental_Impact_Assessment_in_deep_sea_mining
Deep layer of the ocean between 4000 and 9000 meters
way. Deep sea mining could be disastrous for this extremely fragile ecosystem since there are many ecological dangers posed by mining for deep sea minerals
Abyssal_zone
There are major deep sea mineral resources in the seabed of Japan. This is not mined yet due to technological obstacles for deep sea mining. In 2019, Japan
Mining_in_Japan
2024 speech about deep-sea mining
Law of the Sea. Whipps highlighted Palau's commitment to protecting its ocean from exploitation, likening the current threat of deep-sea mining to a new
Upholding the Common Heritage of Humankind
Upholding_the_Common_Heritage_of_Humankind
Lowest layer in the ocean
The deep sea is broadly defined as the ocean depth where light begins to fade, at an approximate depth of 200 m (660 ft) or the point of transition from
Deep_sea
Deep-sea gastropod
Red List, the first species to be listed as such due to risks from deep-sea mining of its vent habitat. The shell is of a unique construction, with three
Scaly-foot_gastropod
Mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach the water's surface
limited the extent of deep sea mining. But with the constantly decreasing supply on land, some mining specialists see oceanic mining as the destined future
Seamount
Environmental problems from uncontrolled mining
Environmental impact of deep sea mining Environmental effects of placer mining Environmental impact of gold mining Environmental impact of zinc mining List of environmental
Environmental impact of mining
Environmental_impact_of_mining
Deep sea mining in Namibia
Namibia is one of the first countries that issued mining licences regarding deep sea mining. studies that took place in 1970s discovered considerable
Deepsea_mining_in_Namibia
Marine animals of the order Actiniaria
"Deep sea mining would change the seafloor ecosystem for up to millions of years". Jochen Halfar, Rodney M. Fujita (2007). "Danger of Deep-Sea Mining"
Sea_anemone
The Deep Sea Mining Act 2014 (c. 15) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It received royal assent on 14 May 2014. It is unusual as this
Deep_Sea_Mining_Act_2014
Region of the North Atlantic Ocean
the sea. While all of the above currents deposit marine plants and refuse into the sea, ocean water in the Sargasso Sea is distinctive for its deep blue
Sargasso_Sea
Planned project in India
project with battery energy storage capacity of up to 4 to 12 MWh. 7 deep-sea mining blocks off the coast of the Great Nicobar Island were awarded, and
Great Nicobar Island Development Project
Great_Nicobar_Island_Development_Project
Parliament Calls for a Moratorium on Deep-Sea Mining". Wright, Stephen (31 July 2024). "Nations join ranks to delay deep-sea mining approval by UN regulator". Magick
Timeline of sustainable energy research 2020 to the present
Timeline_of_sustainable_energy_research_2020_to_the_present
Any large system of circulating ocean surface currents
of deep-sea mining targets polymetallic nodules, cobalt-rich crusts, and massive sulfide deposits in abyssal plains lying within ocean gyres. Mining activities
Ocean_gyre
Marine biologist
for deep-sea mining teeming with new species". news.mongabay.com. 9 August 2016. Retrieved 2018-08-14. "A New Threat to Oceans: Deep-Sea Mining for Precious
Diva_Amon
Pollution of oceans from substances discarded by humans
can create dredge plumes), atmospheric pollution and, potentially, deep sea mining. Different types of marine pollution can be grouped as pollution from
Marine_pollution
Defunct Canadian company
Nautilus Minerals Inc. was a Canadian deep sea exploration and mining company founded in 1997, and listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange between 2007 and
Nautilus_Minerals
Ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water
fish Benthopelagic fish Bioirrigation Bottom trawling Deep sea Deep sea communities Deep sea mining Demersal fish Epibenthic sled Intertidal ecology Littoral
Benthic_zone
Large body of salt water
land runoff, ship pollution, atmospheric pollution and, potentially, deep sea mining. The types of marine pollution can be grouped as pollution from marine
Sea
Scientific organization in Tamil Nadu
With this perspective, the integrated mining system is under development for demonstration of deep-sea mining of polymetallic nodules. This group was
National Institute of Ocean Technology
National_Institute_of_Ocean_Technology
Study of the history and structure of the ocean floor
PMID 29672491. Dick, Rolf (1985), "Deep-Sea Mining versus Land-Based Mining: A Cost Comparison", The Economics of Deep-Sea Mining, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer
Marine_geology
could start undersea mining in 2013". Mining Weekly. Retrieved 14 September 2010. Childs, John (19 February 2019). "Deep sea mining threatens indigenous
Mining_in_Papua_New_Guinea
Species of fish
fish's habitat is known to be affected by human activity, such as deep-sea mining, drilling, and plastic waste. Because B. grallator's population is
Bathypterois_grallator
Island country in Oceania
2021). "Pacific island of Nauru sets two-year deadline for UN deep-sea mining rules". Mining.com. Archived from the original on 4 July 2021. Davies, Ann
Nauru
International maritime law
Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Jon Copley (7 November 2020). "Deep-sea mining is making the seabed the hottest real estate on Earth". New Scientist
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea
1980 federal law of the United States
The Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act (DSHMRA) is the primary federal law regulating deep sea mineral activities in areas beyond national jurisdiction
Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act
Deep_Seabed_Hard_Mineral_Resources_Act
Energy collected from renewable resources
requirements for these minerals by around 10%. A controversial approach is deep sea mining. Minerals can be collected from new sources like polymetallic nodules
Renewable_energy
English broadcaster and natural historian (born 1926)
and Flora International campaign calling for a global moratorium on deep sea mining for its impact on marine life. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Attenborough
David_Attenborough
Offshore ocean structure with oil drilling and related facilities
oil platforms Accommodation platform Chukchi Cap Deep sea mining Deepwater drilling Drillship North Sea oil Offshore geotechnical engineering Offshore oil
Oil_platform
Zone of the open ocean
precipitation of minerals on the seafloor, making them regions of interest for deep-sea mining. Many of the biogeochemical processes in the bathypelagic region are
Bathypelagic_zone
Proposed deep-ocean oxygen production mechanism
media and social media, and contributed to the ongoing debate around deep sea mining. However, it has since emerged that there are many problems with the
Dark_oxygen_production
Marine protected area in the Cook Islands
revise the seabed minerals act, which would facilitate exploration for deep sea mining. An estimated value of US$146 billion worth of manganese nodules are
Marae_Moana
German biologist (born 1967)
deep-sea ecosystems, biodiversity, and our vision of how to live with a future ocean". Recent projects examine the interplay between deep-sea mining,
Antje_Boetius
Indian deep sea exploration mission
the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, allotted the area for deep-sea mining. India was the first country to receive the status of
Deep_Ocean_mission
President of the Marshall Islands (2016–2020; 2024–present)
forward a plan to make the nation carbon neutral by 2025. Heine opposes deep sea mining and advocates for marine preservation. In her first term, Heine called
Hilda_Heine
Body of salt water covering most of Earth
offshore wind power), extractive industries (offshore drilling and deep sea mining), freshwater production via desalination. Many of the world's goods
Ocean
International alliance of groups to protect deep sea environment
conservation of biodiversity on the high seas. The coalition is calling for a moratorium on destructive deep-sea mining and on the United Nations General Assembly
Deep Sea Conservation Coalition
Deep_Sea_Conservation_Coalition
Species of crustacean
Conservation efforts are also being explored to mitigate the impact of deep-sea mining and other human activities on the hydrothermal vent ecosystems where
Kiwa_hirsuta
Deep-sea drillship platform used by the CIA to recover sunken Soviet submarine
GSF Explorer, formerly USNS Hughes Glomar Explorer (T-AG-193), was a deep-sea drillship platform built for Project Azorian, the secret 1974 effort by the
Glomar_Explorer
Type of ocean claim
exploitive and destructive blue economy ocean development, such as deep sea mining, calls for blue justice have been made. Ocean colonization as ocean
Ocean_colonization
Japanese coral atoll
demonstrated viability from mining through separation and refining. Environmental groups raised concerns about potential damage to deep-sea ecosystems. The government
Minamitorishima
the increasing effects of climate change. Because phosphate mining, and now deep-sea mining, has been going on for so long, it is hard to parse out exactly
Effects_of_mining_in_Nauru
Vehicle propelled fully or mostly by electricity
materials being deliberated by the International Seabed Authority is deep sea mining, however carmakers are not using this as of 2023. Regulatory mechanisms
Electric_vehicle
Cartilaginous fish in the order Chimaeriformes
of coastal nurseries (by urban development) or deepwater reefs (by deep sea mining and trawling). Near-shore species such as Callorhinchus milii are vulnerable
Chimaera
American oceanographic research ship
2018, Sally Ride was used to research sediment plumes associated with deep sea mining. Sailing 50 kilometers (25 nautical miles) off the coast of Southern
RV_Sally_Ride
Pakistani American Australian academic (born 1973)
collaborated on environmental and social impact assessment research on deep sea mining using Life Cycle Analysis techniques to assist policy-makers in small-island
Saleem_Ali_(academic)
International relations
of deep-sea mining. Vanuatu has advocated for a pause on deep-sea mining until regulations are in place, whereas India has participated in deep-sea exploration
India–Pacific Islands relations
India–Pacific_Islands_relations
Technology of submerged operations in the sea
the Bismarck Sea near Papua New Guinea. When fully underway the operation would have been the world’s first commercial deep sea mining project. First
Subsea_technology
Deep-sea habitats formed by large accumulations of sponges
Sponge grounds, also known as sponge aggregations, are intertidal to deep-sea habitats formed by large accumulations of sponges (glass sponges and/or demosponges)
Sponge_ground
Resources that are found in oceans and are useful for humans
ecosystems and coral reefs fish and seafood minerals (for example deep sea mining) oil and gas renewable energy resources, such as marine energy sand
Marine_resources
Scientific term for deep sea oxygen created by electrolysis
F.; Haeckel, M.; Titschack, J.; Boetius, A. (2020). "Effects of a deep-sea mining experiment on seafloor microbial communities and functions after 26
Dark_oxygen
Canadian environmental activist (born 1950)
focusing on opposition to illegal whaling operations and opposition to deep sea mining. In March 2019, Costa Rica dropped all charges against Watson and has
Paul_Watson
Extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth
descriptions of redirect targets Deep sea mining Environmental effects of mining – Environmental problems from uncontrolled miningPages displaying short descriptions
Mining
Genus of deep-sea sea cucumbers known as sea pigs
Scotoplanes is a genus of deep-sea sea cucumbers of the family Elpidiidae. Its species are commonly known as sea pigs. The genus includes the following
Scotoplanes
on that it considers all of the convention except the parts about deep sea mining to be the same as customary international law. In 1983 President Ronald
List of parties to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
List_of_parties_to_the_United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea
Economy based on exploitation and preservation of the marine environment
aspects. Aquaculture and algaculture Offshore aquaculture Seabed mining Deep sea mining Offshore drilling Offshore wind power Ocean energy Tidal power Wave
Blue_economy
Topics referred to by the same term
transactions with the expectation of a reward Bitcoin mining see Bitcoin network Deep sea mining, extraction from the ocean floor at depths below over
Mining_(disambiguation)
American high seas policy advisor (1957–2025)
Jurisdictions negotiations at the United Nations and the negotiations on deep sea mining regulations at the International Seabed Authority. Gjerde delivered
Kristina_Gjerde
Topics referred to by the same term
Wiktionary, the free dictionary. DSM or dsm may refer to: Deep space maneuver Deep sea mining Design structure matrix or dependency structure matrix, a
DSM
Guam Senate votes unanimously to urge the federal government to stop deep-sea mining plans near the territory. April 11 – A typhoon watch and state of emergency
2026_in_Guam
International agreement for ocean protection
human activities, such as shipping, overfishing, plastic pollution and deep-sea mining. Consequently, there is a pressing need for a more cohesive ocean governance
High_Seas_Treaty
Contamination of water bodies
can create dredge plumes), atmospheric pollution and, potentially, deep sea mining. Nutrient pollution is a form of water pollution caused by too many
Water_pollution
American wilderness advocate
currently[when?] leading Greenpeace USA's Protect the Oceans campaign to stop deep sea mining. He is credited for his expertise pertaining to the Greater Caribbean
Arlo_Hemphill
Area where land meets the sea or ocean
can create dredge plumes), atmospheric pollution and, potentially, deep sea mining. Different types of marine pollution can be grouped as pollution from
Coast
Organisms capable of living in extreme environments
environments as is the case with tailings and sediment released from deep-sea mining activity. While most bacteria would be crushed by the pressure in these
Extremophile
seafood processing, offshore wind power and various forms of tourism. Deep sea mining, especially of dormant hydrothermal vents, is also being considered
Maritime_industries_of_Taiwan
activities, such as shipping, fishing, offshore oil and gas industries, and deep-sea mining. Some environmental impacts of marine activities are: Waste disposal
Cumulative effects (environment)
Cumulative_effects_(environment)
Conservation organization
Flora called on governments worldwide to adopt a moratorium on all deep sea mining, citing its impact on marine life and launched a campaign calling for
Fauna_and_Flora_International
The prospect of deep sea mining has led to concerns from scientists and environmental groups over the impacts on fragile deep sea ecosystems and wider
Human_impact_on_marine_life
Mechanical process where a wellbore is drilled below the seabed
dissolved or unseparated hydrocarbons. Energy portal Oceans portal Deep sea mining Deepwater drilling Drillship Jackup rig Offshore geotechnical engineering
Offshore_drilling
Research vessel
the Sea") is a research vessel registered in the Cook Islands. It is operated by Moana Minerals and used for conducting surveys for Deep sea mining. The
Anuanua_Moana
Norwegian island in the Arctic Ocean
tonnes, but other estimates are around 7 million tonnes. License for deep sea mining is now under consideration. A dispute between Norway and Denmark regarding
Jan_Mayen
Hydrothermal vent field in the Indian Ocean
phase-separation happens deep below the field. The Kairei vent field is one of the few known locations of the Sea Pangolin, threatened by deep sea mining. It is also
Kairei_vent_field
British international lawyer
August 2024. Lodge had been criticised for pushing for industrial deep sea mining to begin before formal regulations were in place. Lodge held appointments
Michael_Lodge
Referendum on proposed amendments to the constitution of Micronesia
of actual seabed mining may be an attempt at establishing a domestic legal framework prior to the adoption of official deep-sea mining regulations by the
2023 Micronesian constitutional referendum
2023_Micronesian_constitutional_referendum
President of Kiribati since 2016
time, only 50% were fully vaccinated. Maamau's government has backed deep sea mining, which puts it at odds with environmental groups. In March 2024, Reuters
Taneti_Maamau
Materials left over from the separation of valuable minerals from ore
In mining, tailings or tails are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of
Tailings
Automatic ship station- and heading-holding systems
aids to navigation (ATON) Cable-laying Crane vessels Cruise ships Deep sea mining Diving support vessels Dredging Drillships Floating production storage
Dynamic_positioning
Ecosystem in saltwater environment
can create dredge plumes), atmospheric pollution and, potentially, deep sea mining. Different types of marine pollution can be grouped as pollution from
Marine_ecosystem
Submersible that traveled to the Challenger Deep
limitations of existing products (and presently undergoing development for other deep sea vehicles). These include pressure-balanced oil-filled thrusters; LED lighting
Deepsea_Challenger
Principle of international law
ISBN 90-411-0504-2 p458. "Nations join ranks to delay deep-sea mining approval by UN regulator". 31 July 2024. "Deep sea mining, una scienziata ambientale a capo dell'organo
Common_heritage_of_humanity
Complex metal ores
"Metallurgical processing of polymetallic ocean nodules". In R. Sharma (ed.). Deep-Sea Mining: Resource Potential, Technical and Environmental Considerations (PDF)
Polymetallic_ore
increasing threats to the marine environment, including overfishing, deep-sea mining, plastic pollution, coastal development, and climate change. Oceans
Oceans_defender
Japanese drill ship
active regions of the world. Other deep holes have been drilled by the drill ship JOIDES Resolution during the Deep Sea Drilling Project and the Ocean Drilling
Chikyū
DEEP SEA-MINING
DEEP SEA-MINING
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps a variant of Sait, from the Old English personal name Sǣgēat (‘sea Geat’).
Surname or Lastname
English and German
English and German : topographic name for someone who lived by the sea-shore or beside a lake, from Middle English see ‘sea’, ‘lake’ (Old English sǣ), Middle High German sē. Alternatively, the English name may denote someone who lived by a watercourse, from an Old English sēoh ‘watercourse’, ‘drain’.
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : variant of Dean.Dutch : ethnic name for a Dane, Middle Dutch Deen.
Female
Hebrew
 Variant spelling of Hebrew Leah, LEA means "weary." Compare with another form of Lea.
Female
English
 Old English name LEA means "meadow." Compare with another form of Lea.
Boy/Male
Egyptian Hebrew Swedish
Son of Seb and Nut.
Boy/Male
Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Traditional
Superior to Infinity; A Lamp
Girl/Female
Latin
From Aea.
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
The Lamp of Light
Male
English
Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Seán, SEAN means "God is gracious."
Girl/Female
Muslim
As Deep as a sea
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of See.
Surname or Lastname
Indian (northern states)
Indian (northern states) : Hindu name meaning ‘lamp’, from Sanskrit dīpa. It occurs commonly as the final element of compound personal names, e.g. in Kuldeep ‘light of the family’. Subsequently, it appears to have evolved into a surname.English : presumably from the adjective deep, either a topographic name for someone who lived in a deep valley, or perhaps a nickname for a ‘deep’, thoughtful person.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
As Deep as a Sea
Male
Finnish
Finnish form of Greek Esaias, ESA means "God is salvation."
Boy/Male
Hindu
A lamp, Beautiful
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English pē ‘peacock’ (see Peacock).
Male
English
English unisex short form of longer names beginning with the letter "D." In some cases, it may be of Scottish origin, associated with the River Dee, possibly DEE means "dark water." Compare with strictly feminine Dee.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Deas.Dutch : patronymic from a short form of the personal name Desiderius.German : from a short form of the personal name Matthäs, a variant of Matthäus (see Matthew), or in some instances an Americanized spelling of Diess (see Dies).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Dear.Scottish : habitational name from (Old and New) Deer in Aberdeenshire.Hungarian : variant of Dér, from the secular personal name.
DEEP SEA-MINING
DEEP SEA-MINING
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Prayer
Girl/Female
Arabic, Swahili
Woman; Life; Alive
Boy/Male
Latin
Messenger of the gods.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Expert
Female
Hebrew
(עָרְפָּה) Hebrew name ORPAH means "forelock, mane" or "gazelle, hind." In the bible, this is the name of a Moabite woman.Â
Boy/Male
Indian
Holy prophet
Boy/Male
British, English
Good-looking Companion
Girl/Female
English
Boy/Male
Hindu
Noble, Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Pleasure of the Beneficent
DEEP SEA-MINING
DEEP SEA-MINING
DEEP SEA-MINING
DEEP SEA-MINING
DEEP SEA-MINING
a.
Sunk to the knees; as, men knee-deep in water.
superl.
Extending far below the surface; of great perpendicular dimension (measured from the surface downward, and distinguished from high, which is measured upward); far to the bottom; having a certain depth; as, a deep sea.
superl.
Extending far back from the front or outer part; of great horizontal dimension (measured backward from the front or nearer part, mouth, etc.); as, a deep cave or recess or wound; a gallery ten seats deep; a company of soldiers six files deep.
superl.
Strongly colored; dark; intense; not light or thin; as, deep blue or crimson.
a.
Of or pertaining to the deeper parts of the sea; as, a deep-sea line (i. e., a line to take soundings at a great depth); deep-sea lead; deep-sea soundings, explorations, etc.
superl.
Profound; thorough; complete; unmixed; intense; heavy; heartfelt; as, deep distress; deep melancholy; deep horror.
n.
The deep; the sea; the ocean.
v. t.
To set or affix a seal to; hence, to authenticate; to confirm; to ratify; to establish; as, to seal a deed.
n.
That which is deep, especially deep water, as the sea or ocean; an abyss; a great depth.
a.
Rising to the knees; knee-high; as, water or snow knee-deep.
a.
Laid deeply; formed with cunning and sagacity; as, deep-laid plans.
v. t.
To continue in, as a course or mode of action; not to intermit or fall from; to hold to; to maintain; as, to keep silence; to keep one's word; to keep possession.
a.
Deep as from the breast to the feet; as high as the breast.
superl.
Hard to penetrate or comprehend; profound; -- opposed to shallow or superficial; intricate; mysterious; not obvious; obscure; as, a deep subject or plot.
superl.
Low in situation; lying far below the general surface; as, a deep valley.
v. i.
To remain in any position or state; to continue; to abide; to stay; as, to keep at a distance; to keep aloft; to keep near; to keep in the house; to keep before or behind; to keep in favor; to keep out of company, or out reach.