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Layer of small animals in the ocean
The deep scattering layer, sometimes referred to as the sound scattering layer, is a layer in the ocean consisting of a variety of marine animals. It was
Deep_scattering_layer
Gas-filled organ that contributes to the ability of a fish to control its buoyancy
Lanternfish also account for much of the biomass responsible for the deep scattering layer of the world's oceans. Sonar reflects off the millions of lanternfish
Swim_bladder
Part of the pelagic zone
estimate mesopelagic fish abundance is by echosounding to locate the 'deep scattering layer' through the backscatter received from these acoustic sounders.
Mesopelagic_zone
Fauna found in deep-sea areas
Lanternfish also account for much of the biomass responsible for the deep scattering layer of the world's oceans. Bigeye tuna are an epipelagic/mesopelagic
Deep-sea_fish
Family of ray-finned fishes
the impression of a "false ocean bottom"; this is the so-called deep scattering layer that so perplexed early oceanographers (see below). Great variability
Lanternfish
Fish in the pelagic zone of ocean waters
The layer is deeper when the moon is out, and may move higher when the sky is dark. This phenomenon has come to be known as the deep scattering layer. Most
Pelagic_fish
Range of physical processes in physics
connection between light scattering and acoustic scattering in the 1870s. Near the end of the 19th century, the scattering of cathode rays (electron
Scattering
Secret partition in a container
false bottom can also refer to the deep scattering layer in the ocean, a phenomenon where a layer of marine organisms deep in the ocean can be mistaken by
False_bottom
Emission of light by a living organism
encountered bioluminescent organisms may be the dinoflagellates in the surface layers of the sea, which are responsible for the sparkling luminescence sometimes
Bioluminescence
Species of hydrozoan
Larry; Jakobsson, Martin; Gårdfeldt, Katarina (2021-06-01). "A deep scattering layer under the North Pole pack ice" (PDF). Progress in Oceanography.
Marrus_orthocanna
American oceanographer
Chemistry and General Biology (1942, 1970); for explaining the deep scattering layer (DSL) as a result of what is now called the diel vertical migration;
Martin_W._Johnson
Uppermost layer of a sea water column that is exposed to sunlight
(or euphotic zone, epipelagic zone, or sunlight zone) is the uppermost layer of a body of water that receives sunlight, allowing phytoplankton to perform
Photic_zone
Species of hydrozoan
long range vertical migration makes them key contributors to the deep scattering layer. These organisms are frequently found in warm or temperate waters
Nanomia_bijuga
Water layer used in ocean surveillance
channel (short for sound fixing and ranging channel), or deep sound channel (DSC), is a horizontal layer of water in the ocean at which depth the speed of sound
SOFAR_channel
Wetland sites designated to have international importance by the Ramsar Convention
Saline water: Permanent: (A) Permanent shallow marine waters: Less than 6m deep at low tide; including sea bays and straits (B) Marine subtidal aquatic beds:
Ramsar_site
Fish which has a long, pointed bill
the most common method is deep-drop fishing, since swordfish spend most daylight hours very deep, in the deep scattering layer. The boat is allowed to drift
Swordfish
Science of inland aquatic ecosystems
temperature of different lake layers. The less turbid the water, the more light is able to penetrate, and thus heat is conveyed deeper in the water. Heating declines
Limnology
Low-oxygen areas in coastal zones and lakes caused by eutrophication
sediment layers near the mouth of the Mississippi River indicate four hypoxic events before the advent of synthetic fertilizer. In these sediment layers, anoxia-tolerant
Dead_zone_(ecology)
International treaty for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands
Gyre San Francisco Estuary Marine ecosystems (components) General Deep scattering layer Diel vertical migration f-ratio Iron fertilization Large marine
Ramsar_Convention
Type of ecosystem
them less dense. The deeper waters remain cool and dense due to reduced light penetration. As the summer begins, two distinct layers become established
Lake_ecosystem
Method of measuring the depth of water
advantages, including the ability to identify a vegetation layer or a layer of soft mud on top of a layer of rock. Most hydrographic operations use a 200 kHz
Echo_sounding
Seamount that appeared on charts, but was later not found to exist at the position given
fathoms (14,172 ft; 4,320 m) but did find strong returns from the Deep Scattering Layer that could be mistaken for shoals. Backus, Richard H.; Worthington
American_Scout_Seamount
Ecosystem in a body of water
intertidal systems, salt marshes, coral reefs, kelp forests and lagoons. In the deep water, hydrothermal vents may occur where chemosynthetic sulfur bacteria
Aquatic_ecosystem
Use of acoustic sensors for aquatic life
required. Surveys, stock assessment, management Ecology Behavior Deep scattering layer Simmonds J. & MacLennan D. (2005). Fisheries Acoustics: Theory and
Fisheries_acoustics
Underwater position-fixing system
sounds in the deep sound channel (SOFAR channel) of the ocean to enable pinpointing of the location of ships or crashed planes. The deep sound channel
Sofar_bomb
Pelagic freshwater amphipod
such that it creates a noticeable scattering layer when using hydroacoustic sensors, akin to the deep scattering layer in the ocean. These sensors are one
Macrohectopus
Pattern of daily vertical movement in many aquatic species
was taking sonar readings of the ocean when they discovered the deep scattering layer (DSL). While performing sound propagation experiments, the University
Diel_vertical_migration
Meter used to measure water current velocities
or canals, it can measure the current profile from bank to bank. In very deep water they can be lowered on cables from the surface. The primary usage is
Acoustic Doppler current profiler
Acoustic_Doppler_current_profiler
Gyre San Francisco Estuary Marine ecosystems (components) General Deep scattering layer Diel vertical migration f-ratio Iron fertilization Large marine
Sustainable_gardening
Nature reserve in Lithuania
covered the peat surfaces which resulted in the decomposition of the top layers of peat that function as a gas repository. This led to a rise in the greenhouse
Žuvintas_Biosphere_Reserve
Relatively flat submarine region that rises well above the level of the ambient seabed
curve Sea level drop Sea level rise World Geodetic System Acoustics Deep scattering layer Ocean acoustic tomography Sofar bomb SOFAR channel Underwater acoustics
Oceanic_plateau
Sedimentary body with topographic relief composed of autochthonous calcareous deposits
thermocline, for example at intermediate water depths below the ocean's mixed layer. The most important component of these platforms is fine-grained carbonate
Carbonate_platform
Watershed terms and topics
Gyre San Francisco Estuary Marine ecosystems (components) General Deep scattering layer Diel vertical migration f-ratio Iron fertilization Large marine
List_of_watershed_topics
Marine research laboratory in Pacific Grove, California
the Indian Ocean undertaking various studies, most notably of the Deep Scattering Layer. Data from the twenty Te Vega research voyages are still cited today
Hopkins_Marine_Station
Major circulating ecosystem of ocean currents
carbon and nitrogen from the surface mixed layer to the deep ocean. Data on the abundance of marine snow to the deep ocean floor is lacking in this large ecosystem
Ecosystem of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
Ecosystem_of_the_North_Pacific_Subtropical_Gyre
Small object in marine or freshwater
Gyre San Francisco Estuary Marine ecosystems (components) General Deep scattering layer Diel vertical migration f-ratio Iron fertilization Large marine
Particle_(ecology)
Mountain ranges that are mostly or entirely under the surface of an ocean
curve Sea level drop Sea level rise World Geodetic System Acoustics Deep scattering layer Ocean acoustic tomography Sofar bomb SOFAR channel Underwater acoustics
Undersea_mountain_range
Study of physical conditions and processes within the ocean
between 0° and 5 °C (41 °F), mostly in the deep ocean, where sunlight does not penetrate. The surface layers, however, experience far greater variability
Physical_oceanography
Study of manufactured products on aquatic organisms
Gyre San Francisco Estuary Marine ecosystems (components) General Deep scattering layer Diel vertical migration f-ratio Iron fertilization Large marine
Aquatic_toxicology
Implementation of Geographic Information System
entered into a GIS program and be layered, organized and analyzed in a way that was not possible to do in the past. Layering within a GIS program allows for
GIS_and_aquatic_science
Study of the propagation of sound in water
cps Sound in Deep Water. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 36, 1596 (1964) J. R. Marshall and R. P. Chapman, Reverberation from a Deep Scattering Layer Measured with
Underwater_acoustics
Submerged carbonate platforms that make up much of the Bahama Archipelago
oolitic aragonite sand is found on the Bahamas Banks Dean's Blue Hole – Deep water-filled sinkhole in the Bahamas Geography of the Bahamas Ocean bank –
Bahama_Banks
Technique used to measure temperatures and currents over large regions of the ocean
thermometry has been employed to measure temperature changes of the upper layers of the Arctic Ocean basins, which continues to be an area of active interest
Ocean_acoustic_tomography
fathoms (14,172 ft; 4,320 m) but did find strong returns from the Deep Scattering Layer that could be mistaken for shoals. Following additional surveys
USNS_Silas_Bent
Organism able to swim independently of ocean currents
Martin J.; Brierley, Andrew S. (2019). "From siphonophores to deep scattering layers: Uncertainty ranges for the estimation of global mesopelagic fish
Micronekton
Center for ocean and Earth science research
UCDWR and the Navy led to the discovery of the deep scattering layer, a region from 300 - 500 m deep filled with organisms. The UCDWR would continue
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Scripps_Institution_of_Oceanography
Experiments proving existence of atomic nuclei
widespread use of scattering in particle physics to study subatomic matter. Rutherford scattering or Coulomb scattering is the elastic scattering of charged
Rutherford scattering experiments
Rutherford_scattering_experiments
Maximum depth at which a water wave's passage causes significant water motion
a water wave's passage causes significant water motion. At water depths deeper than the wave base, bottom sediments and the seafloor are no longer stirred
Wave_base
Analytical technique to determine structure and composition of materials
target nucleus. The scattering angle in the laboratory frame of reference θ 1 {\displaystyle \theta _{1}} is not the same as the scattering angle in the centre
Rutherford backscattering spectrometry
Rutherford_backscattering_spectrometry
German auxiliary schooner
Oceanography, September 1970). "Studies on the fauna associated with the deep scattering layer (DSL) in the equatorial Indian Ocean, conducted on R/V TE VEGA during
Schooner_Te_Vega
American fisheries science research vessel
to use an underwater camera to test its utility in studying the deep scattering layer, but obtained no important photographs, and an attempt to use a
US_FWS_Charles_H._Gilbert
Free-diving self-propelled deep-sea submersible
AmericanHeritage.com Barham EG (May 1963). "Siphonophores and the Deep Scattering Layer". Science. 140 (3568): 826–828. Bibcode:1963Sci...140..826B. doi:10
Bathyscaphe
Gas layer surrounding Earth
equally scatter all the sun's light waves. As another example, due to a phenomenon called Rayleigh scattering, shorter (blue) wavelengths scatter through
Atmosphere_of_Earth
curve Sea level drop Sea level rise World Geodetic System Acoustics Deep scattering layer Ocean acoustic tomography Sofar bomb SOFAR channel Underwater acoustics
List_of_submarine_volcanoes
Spectroscopy technique
back-scattering of light by a material, while transmission is the passage of light through a material. The word remission implies a direction of scatter,
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
Diffuse_reflectance_spectroscopy
curve Sea level drop Sea level rise World Geodetic System Acoustics Deep scattering layer Ocean acoustic tomography Sofar bomb SOFAR channel Underwater acoustics
Lagrangian_ocean_analysis
continental shelves. It prefers steep zones where it can feed both in the deep scattering layer and at the bottom. Strandings have been reported in the Cayman Islands
Cetaceans_of_the_Caribbean
Species of mammal
Spinner dolphins of Hawaii are nocturnal feeders and forage in deep scattering layers, which contain many species. The dwarf spinner dolphin may feed
Spinner_dolphin
able to detect breast tumors. Raman spectroscopy relies on inelastic scattering events of monochromatic light to produce a spectrum characteristic of
Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy
Spatially_offset_Raman_spectroscopy
Hierarchical outline list of articles related to oceanography
underwater sound to study the sea, its boundaries and its contents Deep scattering layer – A layer in the ocean consisting of a variety of marine animals that
Outline_of_oceanography
Type of radio propagation
also with slow deep fading. Airplane scattering (or most often reflection) is observed on VHF through microwaves and, besides back-scattering, yields momentary
Non-line-of-sight_propagation
Observation of distant objects on Earth's surface or terrestrial features
moment when the light scattering takes hold in the atmosphere. In the shaded part of the atmosphere, the secondary scattering takes place. As twilight
Long_distance_observations
Device that enables detection and tracking of animals
by the drive/timing electronics is impressed across the two metalization layers. This voltage creates stress in the material, which in turn cause the transducer
Acoustic_tag
Diffraction of He from surfaces
comparison of helium scattering and electron scattering is shown below: Helium at thermal energies can be modeled classically as scattering from a hard potential
Helium_atom_scattering
Species of fish
distinct scattering layers, with the deepest layer composed of adults and a shallow layer composed of post-larvae. The depth of these scattering layers is thought
Mueller's_pearlside
Range of wavelengths from 650 to 1350 nanometre
window, scattering is the most dominant light-tissue interaction, and therefore the propagating light becomes diffused rapidly. Since scattering increases
Near-infrared window in biological tissue
Near-infrared_window_in_biological_tissue
Optical imaging modality
and DA-DOF+. To mimic highly forward scattering biological tissue, one hydrogel phantom had a reduced scattering coefficient of 1.6 mm−1 and an anisotropy
Dual-axis optical coherence tomography
Dual-axis_optical_coherence_tomography
Spectroscopic technique
identified. Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser
Raman_spectroscopy
Technique to investigate atomic structures using neutron scattering
Neutron diffraction or elastic neutron scattering is the application of neutron scattering to the determination of the atomic and/or magnetic structure
Neutron_diffraction
types addressed by deep learning in PAM are displacements in the vertical and tilted directions. Chen et al. used a simple three layer convolutional neural
Deep learning in photoacoustic imaging
Deep_learning_in_photoacoustic_imaging
Body of salt water covering most of Earth
particles in ocean water preferentially scatter blue light more than light of other colors. Blue light scattering by water and tiny particles happens even
Ocean
Sixth planet from the Sun
core, surrounded by a deep layer of metallic hydrogen, an intermediate layer of liquid hydrogen and liquid helium, and an outer layer of gas. Saturn has
Saturn
Practice of scattering seeds across a large area
and forestry, broadcast seeding is a method of seeding that involves scattering seed, by hand or mechanically, over a relatively large area. This is in
Broadcast_seeding
Physical property of allowing light
reflection is "light scattering". Light scattering from the surfaces of objects is our primary mechanism of physical observation. Light scattering in liquids and
Transparency_and_translucency
Absorption of electromagnetic radiation by ozone
by the ozone layer, known as the Hartley and Huggins absorptions, Chappuis absorption is distinctly weaker. Along with Rayleigh scattering, it contributes
Chappuis_absorption
Spectroscopic technique
spectroscopy or surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a surface-sensitive technique that enhances Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on rough metal
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Surface-enhanced_Raman_spectroscopy
Method of communicating with microwave radio signals over considerable distances
tropospheric scatter phenomenon, where radio waves at UHF and SHF frequencies are randomly scattered as they pass through the upper layers of the troposphere
Tropospheric_scatter
suited atom to be used for surface scattering techniques, as it has a low enough mass that multiple phonon scattering events are unlikely, and its closed
Surface_phonon
Modeling application
peripheral dose the patient will experience due to scattering, both from the patient tissue as well as scattering from collimation upstream in the linear accelerator
Monte Carlo method for photon transport
Monte_Carlo_method_for_photon_transport
Wave within the ocean interior
interface of two layers of the oceans differentiated by a change in the water's properties, such as a warm surface layer and cold deep layer separated by
Internal_tide
Colored part of an eye
important element. Rayleigh scattering and Tyndall scattering, (which also happen in the sky) and diffraction also occur. Raman scattering, and constructive interference
Iris_(anatomy)
Very dark shade of black
melanin present and arrangement of the melanin. The skin of the deep-sea fishes contains one layer filled with small organelles called melanosomes that contain
Ultra-Black
Class of instruments
Raman lidar detects the scattering of the laser beam due to Raman scattering. The frequency shift induced by such scattering is unique for each molecule
Atmospheric_lidar
Submerged carbonate platform in the Atlantic Ocean
curve Sea level drop Sea level rise World Geodetic System Acoustics Deep scattering layer Ocean acoustic tomography Sofar bomb SOFAR channel Underwater acoustics
Barbuda_Bank
Nuclear research project
The CONUS (COherent Neutrino nUcleus Scattering) experiment is a research project at the commercial nuclear power plant in Brokdorf, Germany (see Figure
CONUS_experiment
Fictional character from Dune
migration known as the Scattering, as predicted and forced by Leto's Golden Path. Humanity's exponential expansion in the Scattering spreads them beyond
Leto_II_Atreides
Groups of organisms living deep below the sea surface, sharing a habitat
creates a distinct surface and shoreline for the pool. The deep sea, or deep layer, is the lowest layer in the ocean, existing below the thermocline, at a depth
Deep-sea_community
Solutions of Lewis or Brønsted acids and bases
that the double layer close to the electrode surface has a high metal ion concentration. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) are deep eutectic solvents
Deep_eutectic_solvent
Advanced X-ray spectroscopy technique
is described by the Kramers-Heisenberg formula. The scattering geometry (incidence and scattering angles) determines the momentum transfer q → {\displaystyle
Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering
Resonant_inelastic_X-ray_scattering
Polygenic phenotypic characteristic
hazel eyes results from the Tyndall scattering of light in the stroma, a phenomenon similar to Rayleigh scattering which accounts for the blue sky. Neither
Eye_color
Forward scattering and penetration make sample environments easy and straightforward. Negligible polarization effects due to relative small scattering angles
High-energy_X-rays
Tomography technique based on high-energy muon particles
volumes using information contained in the Coulomb scattering of the muons. Since muons are much more deeply penetrating than X-rays, muon tomography can be
Muon_tomography
Part of the eye
Latin rete 'net'; pl. retinae or retinas) is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue of the eye. The optics of the eye create a focused two-dimensional
Retina
Lithography using 13.5 nm UV light
by a thin ruthenium layer, called a capping layer. The pattern is defined in a tantalum-based absorbing layer over the capping layer. Blank photomasks are
EUV_lithography
image through up to 90 mean free scattering paths, compared to roughly 27 scattering MFPs in OCT and 1–2 scattering MFPs in confocal microscopy. Early
Multiple scattering low coherence interferometry
Multiple_scattering_low_coherence_interferometry
Blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart
contribute to this alteration of color perception are related to the light-scattering properties of the skin and the processing of visual input by the visual
Vein
Indian scientist and academic (1939–2025)
hadron scattering was being analysed using S-matrix and Regge pole techniques. Since the Froissart-Martin asymptotic bounds on hadron scattering is not
Ramamurti_Rajaraman
Optical characteristics of the atmosphere
is a result of Rayleigh scattering of sunlight, which results in a perceived blue color. On a sunny day, Rayleigh scattering gives the sky a blue gradient
Atmospheric_optics
Treatment of cancer with ionized radiation
comparatively excellent contrast with effective atomic number Z) or Compton scattering and pair production predominate (at energies above approximately 200 keV
External_beam_radiotherapy
Fixed-value capacitor using ceramic
process parameters is necessary to keep the scattering of electrical properties for today's very thin ceramic layers within specified limits. The voltage proof
Ceramic_capacitor
DEEP SCATTERING-LAYER
DEEP SCATTERING-LAYER
Female
English
English unisex short form of longer names beginning with the letter "D." In some cases, it may be of Scottish origin, associated with the River Dee, possibly DEE means "dark water." Short form of English Deena, meaning "dean, head, leader."
Girl/Female
Indian, Traditional
God Writes
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : variant of Dean.Dutch : ethnic name for a Dane, Middle Dutch Deen.
Girl/Female
Biblical
Scattering the battle.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a jailer or someone employed at a keep or castle, Middle English kepe.Americanized spelling of German Kiep, from a short form of the old personal name Gebolf, from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements geb ‘gift’ + wolf ‘wolf’. Compare Gebhardt.
Biblical
scattering the battle
Boy/Male
Hindu
A lamp, Beautiful
Boy/Male
Indian
Lamp, Light of the holy word
Surname or Lastname
Indian (northern states)
Indian (northern states) : Hindu name meaning ‘lamp’, from Sanskrit dīpa. It occurs commonly as the final element of compound personal names, e.g. in Kuldeep ‘light of the family’. Subsequently, it appears to have evolved into a surname.English : presumably from the adjective deep, either a topographic name for someone who lived in a deep valley, or perhaps a nickname for a ‘deep’, thoughtful person.
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
The Lamp of Light
Male
English
English unisex short form of longer names beginning with the letter "D." In some cases, it may be of Scottish origin, associated with the River Dee, possibly DEE means "dark water." Compare with strictly feminine Dee.
Boy/Male
Sikh
Lamp, Light of the holy word (1)
Boy/Male
Indian, Modern
Powerful Man
Boy/Male
Indian
Lover
Boy/Male
Hindu
A name of Sai baba
Boy/Male
Hindu
Divine, Divine luster, Heavenly
Girl/Female
Slavic
Flattering.
Boy/Male
Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Traditional
Superior to Infinity; A Lamp
Girl/Female
Indian, Sikh
Lotus in the Lamp of Light
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Dear.Scottish : habitational name from (Old and New) Deer in Aberdeenshire.Hungarian : variant of Dér, from the secular personal name.
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