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All even-degree subgraphs of a graph
In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, the (binary) cycle space of an undirected graph is the set of its even-degree spanning subgraphs, or the set
Cycle_space
Periodic change in the Sun's activity
the solar cycle and transient aperiodic processes, governs the environment of interplanetary space by creating space weather and impacting space- and ground-based
Solar_cycle
Trail in which only the first and last vertices are equal
of the cycle space of a graph. There are many cycle spaces, one for each coefficient field or ring. The most common is the binary cycle space (usually
Cycle_(graph_theory)
Cycles in a graph that generate all cycles
branch of mathematics, a cycle basis of an undirected graph is a set of simple cycles that forms a basis of the cycle space of the graph. That is, it
Cycle_basis
Activity fraction of a periodic system
A duty cycle or power cycle is the fraction of one period in which a signal or system is active. Duty cycle is commonly expressed as a percentage or a
Duty_cycle
Measure of the structural complexity of a software program
the cycle space. A basis for the cycle space is easily constructed by first fixing a spanning forest of the graph, and then considering the cycles formed
Cyclomatic_complexity
Solar activity from 2019 to about 2030
Solar cycle 25 is the current solar cycle, the 25th since 1755, when extensive recording of solar sunspot activity began. It began in December 2019 with
Solar_cycle_25
Rocket engine operation method
The staged combustion cycle (sometimes known as topping cycle, preburner cycle, or closed cycle) is a power cycle of a bipropellant rocket engine. In
Staged_combustion_cycle
House in Beverly Crest, Los Angeles, California, US
Dr. Steven Fleming. Retrieved 26 March 2025. Fleming, Steven. "Cycle Space". Cycle Space. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 26 March
Sheats–Goldstein_Residence
Graph cycle which does not separate remaining elements
characterization of planar graphs and in generating the cycle spaces of nonplanar graphs. A peripheral cycle C {\displaystyle C} in a graph G {\displaystyle G}
Peripheral_cycle
History of the Trojan War told in poems
The Epic Cycle (Ancient Greek: Ἐπικὸς Κύκλος, romanized: Epikòs Kýklos) was a collection of Ancient Greek epic poems, composed in dactylic hexameter and
Epic_Cycle
Graph representing faces of another graph
space) equals the cyclotomic number of its dual (the dimension of its cycle space) and vice versa. A cycle basis of a graph is a set of simple cycles
Dual_graph
Series of intense solar storms in 2024
13 May 2024 during solar cycle 25. They are also known as the 2024 Mother's Day solar storm or the Gannon storm (after space physicist Jennifer Gannon)
May_2024_solar_storms
On cycle bases of planar graphs
their cycle spaces, named after Saunders Mac Lane who published it in 1937. It states that a finite undirected graph is planar if and only if the cycle space
Mac Lane's planarity criterion
Mac_Lane's_planarity_criterion
Algebraic structure associated with a topological space
nicer spaces such as manifolds, and not every cone is homeomorphic to a manifold. Embedded representatives of 1-cycles, 3-cycles, and oriented 2-cycles all
Homology_(mathematics)
Thermodynamic cycle
The Brayton cycle, also known as the Joule cycle, is a thermodynamic cycle that describes the operation of certain heat engines that have air or some other
Brayton_cycle
Solar activity from October 1964 to March 1976
Data from solar cycle 20 was used to build the K-1974 solar proton fluence model, used for planning space missions during solar cycle 21. An extremely
Solar_cycle_20
Development phases of a computer-based system
techniques, but are about the same essential life cycle. The term "life cycle" is often written without a space, as "lifecycle", with the former more popular
Systems development life cycle
Systems_development_life_cycle
Proposed nuclear-powered spacecraft
nuclear electric propulsion in deep space. Announced in March 2026, the spacecraft would combine a closed Brayton cycle fission reactor generating more than
Space_Reactor‑1_Freedom
On finding a repeating loop in a sequence
In computer science, cycle detection or cycle finding is the algorithmic problem of finding a cycle in a sequence of iterated function values. For any
Cycle_detection
Matrix that shows the relationship between two classes of objects
{\displaystyle B(G)B(G)^{\textsf {T}}.} The integral cycle space of a graph is equal to the null space of its oriented incidence matrix, viewed as a matrix
Incidence_matrix
Cubic graph with 10 vertices and 15 edges
Unsolved problem in mathematics Conjecture: Every bridgeless graph has a cycle-continuous mapping to the Petersen graph. More unsolved problems in mathematics
Petersen_graph
Behavior in a nonlinear system
dynamical systems with two-dimensional phase space, a limit cycle is a closed trajectory in phase space having the property that at least one other trajectory
Limit_cycle
SpaceX family of liquid-fuel rocket engines
developed and manufactured by SpaceX. It is the third rocket engine in history designed with a full-flow staged combustion fuel cycle, and the first such engine
SpaceX_Raptor
solar cycle 23. Earth's magnetic field Gamma-ray burst and hypernova Health threat from cosmic rays Heliosphere Solar cycle Space physics Space Weather
List_of_solar_storms
Fewest graph edges whose removal breaks all cycles
explained in terms of algebraic graph theory as the dimension of the cycle space of the graph, in terms of matroid theory as the dual rank of its graphic
Cyclomatic_number
Facilities for use by cyclists
Cycling infrastructure is all infrastructure cyclists are allowed to use. Bikeways include bike paths, bike lanes, cycle tracks, rail trails and, where
Cycling_infrastructure
Biogeochemical cycle for movement of water on Earth
The water cycle (or hydrologic cycle or hydrological cycle) is a biogeochemical cycle that involves the continuous change in form of water on, above and
Water_cycle
simple cycle; a cycle graph with n vertices is commonly denoted Cn. 2. The cycle space is a vector space generated by the simple cycles in a graph, often
Glossary_of_graph_theory
American spaceflight and AI company
Space Exploration Technologies Corp., doing business as SpaceX, is an American spaceflight, telecommunications, and artificial intelligence company headquartered
SpaceX
Mathematical model of a system in control engineering
neuroscience. In econometrics, for example, state-space models can be used to decompose a time series into trend and cycle, compose individual indicators into a composite
State-space_representation
v u ) = v + u {\displaystyle H(vu)=v+u} The cycle space and the cut space are subspaces of the edge space. Diestel, Reinhard (2005), Graph Theory (3rd ed
Edge_and_vertex_spaces
Natural processes of carbon exchange
The carbon cycle is a part of the biogeochemical cycle where carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere
Carbon_cycle
American space and aeronautics agency
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA /ˈnæsə/) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the United States' civil space program
NASA
Solar activity from December 2008 to December 2019
small cycle, as solar cycles are much more predictable 3 years after minima. In May 2009 the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center's Solar Cycle 24 Prediction
Solar_cycle_24
Thermodynamic cycle that includes the basic Stirling engine
The Stirling cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that describes the general class of Stirling devices. This includes the original Stirling engine that was invented
Stirling_cycle
NASA/ESA/CSA space telescope launched in 2021
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope designed to conduct infrared astronomy. It is the largest telescope in space, and is equipped
James_Webb_Space_Telescope
NASA/ESA space telescope launched in 1990
telescope. Rose, Susan, ed. (January 2017). "Hubble Space Telescope Primer for Cycle 25" (PDF). Space Telescope Science Institute. Archived (PDF) from the
Hubble_Space_Telescope
Behavior used in pseudorandom number generation
equal to the cardinality of the state space. The restrictions on the parameters of a PRNG for it to possess a full cycle are known only for certain types of
Full_cycle
Internal combustion engine type
A four-stroke (also four-cycle) engine is an internal combustion (IC) engine in which the piston completes four separate strokes while turning the crankshaft
Four-stroke_engine
List of launches of SpaceX's fully reusable Starship
As of July 24, 2026, the SpaceX Starship has been launched 13 times, with 8 successes and 5 failures. SpaceX has developed Starship with the intention
List_of_Starship_launches
Solar activity from December 1855 to March 1867
Solar cycle 10 was the tenth solar cycle since 1755, when extensive recording of solar sunspot activity began. The solar cycle lasted 11.3 years, beginning
Solar_cycle_10
Type of space station, intended as a permanent settlement
or any other celestial body, as well as cyclers and interstellar arks, as generation ships or world ships. Space settlements are a form of extraterrestrial
Space_settlement
Closed-cycle regenerative heat engine
closed-cycle hot air engines. In the Stirling engine, a working fluid (e.g. air) is heated by energy supplied from outside the engine's interior space (cylinder)
Stirling_engine
Science fiction novels by Stephen R. Donaldson
loose retelling of Wagner's Ring cycle. It is an epic work set in a future where humans have pushed far out into space in the name of commerce. The series
The_Gap_Cycle
New Zealand awards
The New Zealand Cycle Friendly Awards were devised by the Cycling Advocates' Network (CAN) in 2003. The purpose of the awards is to acknowledge and celebrate
Cycle_Friendly_Awards
In mathematics, an algebraic cycle on an algebraic variety V is a formal linear combination of subvarieties of V. These are the part of the algebraic
Algebraic_cycle
Transitional concept of geologic time
The rock cycle is a basic concept in geology that describes transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic
Rock_cycle
1999 film by Mike Judge
Office Space is a 1999 American satirical black comedy film written and directed by Mike Judge. It satirizes the office work life of a typical 1990s software
Office_Space
Invariant set in the phase space of a dynamical system
In mathematics, a heteroclinic cycle is an invariant set in the phase space of a dynamical system. It is a topological circle of equilibrium points and
Heteroclinic_cycle
Temporary spots on the Sun's surface
collection of sunspot images NOAA Solar Cycle Progression[link removed]: Current solar cycle. Current conditions: Space weather Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics
Sunspot
Type of thermodynamic cycle
between the four stages of the ideal Ericsson cycle: Process 1 -> 2: Isothermal compression. The compression space is assumed to be intercooled, so the gas
Ericsson_cycle
Season of television series
The fourth cycle of Asia's Next Top Model aired from March 9 to June 1, 2016 on STAR World. The judging panel for this cycle was completely replaced;
Asia's Next Top Model season 4
Asia's_Next_Top_Model_season_4
Nuclear fusion reaction
In astrophysics, the carbon–nitrogen–oxygen cycle (CNO cycle), sometimes called Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle after Hans Albrecht Bethe and Carl Friedrich von
CNO_cycle
NASA infrared space telescope
The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (shortened as the Roman Space Telescope, Roman, or RST) is a NASA infrared space telescope whose construction was
Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope
Polynomial in combinatorial mathematics
In combinatorial mathematics a cycle index is a polynomial in several variables which is structured in such a way that information about how a group of
Cycle_index
Proposed spacecraft in a closed transfer orbit between two celestial bodies
spacecraft in the cycler can provide an efficient and regular method for space transportation. A Mars cycler or Earth–Mars cycler is a spacecraft trajectory
Cycler
Rail station in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
includes 44 cycle parking spaces and 56 secure paid cycle parking spaces, whilst the Kirchberg entrance has capacity for 53 cycle parking spaces, and 56 secure
Pfaffenthal-Kirchberg railway station
Pfaffenthal-Kirchberg_railway_station
Linked cyclic series of thermodynamic processes
A thermodynamic cycle consists of linked sequences of thermodynamic processes that involve transfer of heat and work into and out of the system, while
Thermodynamic_cycle
Assembly of heat engines that work in tandem from the same source of heat
A combined-cycle power plant is an assembly of heat engines that work in tandem from the same source of heat, converting it into mechanical energy. On
Combined-cycle_power_plant
Tree which includes all vertices of a graph
E − V + 1 fundamental cycles forms a cycle basis, i.e., a basis for the cycle space. Dual to the notion of a fundamental cycle is the notion of a fundamental
Spanning_tree
Partition of a graph's nodes into 2 disjoint subsets
orthogonal complement of the cycle space. If the edges of the graph are given positive weights, the minimum weight basis of the cut space can be described by a
Cut_(graph_theory)
Rocket engine operation method
The expander cycle is a power cycle of a Bipropellant liquid rocket engine. In this cycle, the fuel is used to cool the engine's combustion chamber, picking
Expander_cycle
Graphical presentation of the maturity of specific technologies
Gartner hype cycle is a graphical presentation to represent the maturity, adoption, and social application of specific technologies. The hype cycle's veracity
Gartner_hype_cycle
measure theory and algebraic topology about the topology of the space of flat cycles in a Riemannian manifold. The theorem plays a fundamental role in
Almgren's_isomorphism_theorem
Solar activity from March 1976 to September 1986
this cycle (X15) occurred on July 11, 1978. This solar cycle marked the beginning of systematic monitoring of the total solar irradiance from space. Solar
Solar_cycle_21
Rocket engine power cycle
The combustion tap-off cycle is a power cycle of a bipropellant rocket engine. The cycle takes a small portion of hot exhaust gas from the rocket engine's
Combustion_tap-off_cycle
Annual space colony design competition
The International Space Settlement Design Competition, more commonly known as "SpaceSet", "ISSDC" or "Inters", is an annual competition founded by Anita
International Space Settlement Design Competition
International_Space_Settlement_Design_Competition
1994–2002 American film series
The Cremaster Cycle is a series of five feature-length films, together with related sculptures, photographs, drawings, and artist's books, created by
The_Cremaster_Cycle
Short story series by H. P. Lovecraft
The Dream Cycle is a series of short stories and novellas by author H. P. Lovecraft (1890–1937). Written between 1918 and 1932, they are about the "Dreamlands"
Dream_Cycle
Global climate cycles
Milankovitch cycles describe the collective effects of changes in the Earth's movements on its climate over thousands of years. The phenomenon is named
Milankovitch_cycles
American launch vehicle manufacturer
enabling more powerful stage tests and accelerated test cycles. In January 2019, Relativity Space announced that it won a competitive bidding process with
Relativity_Space
Mathematical models of heat pumps and refrigeration
Thermodynamic heat pump cycles or refrigeration cycles are the conceptual and mathematical models for heat pump, air conditioning and refrigeration systems
Heat pump and refrigeration cycle
Heat_pump_and_refrigeration_cycle
cycle. In 2006, American novelist Vanna Bonta invented the 2suit, a garment designed to facilitate sex in weightless environments such as outer space
Sex_in_space
Degree of the ease of cycling
demographic structure will indicate a highly cyclable space. Active mobility Complete streets Cycling ecosystem Cycling infrastructure Human scale Intermodal
Cyclability
Soviet cosmonaut (1934–1968)
inaugural class of the International Space Hall of Fame in New Mexico. Gagarin is memorialised in music; a cycle of Soviet patriotic songs titled Gagarin's
Yuri_Gagarin
Reusable superheavy-lift general-purpose launch vehicle
heavy-lift launch vehicle under development by American aerospace company SpaceX. Currently built and launched from Starbase in Texas, it is intended as
SpaceX_Starship
Series of reactions in cellular respiration
ubiquinone, and the transfer of four protons into the intermembrane space, per two-cycle process. Ubiquinol (QH2) binds to the Qo site of complex III via
Q_cycle
2022 video game
The Cycle: Frontier (formerly titled The Cycle) was a 2022 first-person shooter video game developed and published by Yager Development. Yager describes
The_Cycle:_Frontier
Subgenre of science fiction and science fantasy
Space opera is a subgenre of science fiction and science fantasy that emphasizes epic outer space adventures set in a universe in which faster-than-light
Space_opera
1999 studio album by Jonathan Elias, featuring various artists
5, 8 and 10. The Prayer Cycle was played in its entirety for two Music from the Hearts of Space programs, "The Prayer Cycle" (program 536, originally
The_Prayer_Cycle
Freight transport by bicycles
space. In response to this situation, cycle logistics is presented as a more efficient and sustainable alternative, since bicycles take up less space
Cyclologistics
Solar activity from June 1766 to June 1775
Solar cycle 2 was the second solar cycle since 1755, when extensive recording of sunspot activity began. The solar cycle lasted 9 years, beginning in June
Solar_cycle_2
cycles at the SIDC page Near realtime solar images from SOHO SORCE Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) Data Portals: Astronomy Stars Spaceflight Outer space
List_of_solar_cycles
Relationship among tones of the chromatic scale
(sometimes also cycle of fifths) organizes the twelve pitch classes of the chromatic scale in a cycle of ascending perfect fifths. Since the cycle ascends in
Circle_of_fifths
Fictional deity in the Cthulhu Mythos
Azathoth is a deity in the Cthulhu Mythos and Dream Cycle stories of writer H. P. Lovecraft and other authors. He is the supreme deity of the Cthulhu
Azathoth
Cycleway between a road and sidewalk, protected by barriers
between motor vehicles and cycles sharing the same road space) and general confusion and inconvenience for road users. Cycle tracks may be one-way or two-way
Cycle_track
U.S. Air Force general officer
served as commander of the Air Force Life Cycle Management Center. The Center is responsible for total life cycle management for aircraft, engines, munitions
Donna_D._Shipton
Pathway that chemical elements take in the surface and crust of the Earth
geochemical cycles: Deep water cycle Deep carbon cycle (is part of carbon cycle) Iron cycle Carbonate–silicate cycle Phosphorus cycle Sulfur cycle Rock cycle Mercury
Geochemical_cycle
Duration of processing of products
good Gartner hype cycle ISO 10303 – Standard for the Exchange of Product model data Kondratiev wave Life cycle thinking Life-cycle assessment Product
Product_lifecycle
Light emitted by the Sun
cause for the coming and going of recent ice ages (see: Milankovitch cycles). Space-based observations of solar irradiance started in 1978. These measurements
Sunlight
Overview of space exploration in the future
The future of space exploration involves both telescopic and physical explorations of space by robotic spacecraft and human spaceflight. Near-term physical
Future_of_space_exploration
Solar activity from May 1823 to November 1833
Solar cycle 7 was the seventh solar cycle since 1755, when extensive recording of solar sunspot activity began. The solar cycle lasted 10.5 years, beginning
Solar_cycle_7
Solar activity from April 1954 to October 1964
Solar cycle 19 was the nineteenth solar cycle since 1755, when extensive recording of solar sunspot activity began. The solar cycle lasted 10.5 years
Solar_cycle_19
Limiting set in dynamical systems
The limit cycle of an ideal pendulum is not an example of a limit cycle attractor because its orbits are not isolated: in the phase space of the ideal
Attractor
Measure of sunspot activity
"Revisiting the Sunspot Number: A 400-Year Perspective on the Solar Cycle". Space Science Reviews. 186 (1–4): 35–103. arXiv:1407.3231. Bibcode:2014SSRv
Sunspot_number
Turning equipment off and then on again
Power cycling is the act of turning a piece of equipment, usually a computer, off and then on again. Reasons for power cycling include having an electronic
Power_cycling
Graph which remains connected when k or fewer nodes removed
G} lie on a common cycle. The cycle space of a 3 {\displaystyle 3} -connected graph is generated by its non-separating induced cycles. A graph with at least
Vertex_connectivity
Concept in graph theory
color theorem is equivalent to the statement that no snark is planar. Cycle space Cycle double cover conjecture Four color theorem Graph coloring Edge coloring
Nowhere-zero_flow
problem Cliques and independent sets Clique problem Connected component Cycle space de Bruijn sequences Degree diameter problem Entanglement (graph measure)
List_of_graph_theory_topics
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