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Independent or minor party member of a legislature
A crossbencher is a minor party or independent member of some legislatures, such as the Parliament of Australia. In the British House of Lords the term
Crossbencher
Whip of the Conservative Party in the House of Lords (1977–1991) Former Crossbencher Peer. Former Plaid Cymru Peer. United Kingdom Parliament Alphabetical
List of former members of the House of Lords (2000–present)
List_of_former_members_of_the_House_of_Lords_(2000–present)
British engineer (born 1982)
British hereditary peer and member of the House of Lords who sits as a crossbencher. He is an engineer, currently working as a project director for AtkinsRéalis
Daniel Mosley, 4th Baron Ravensdale
Daniel_Mosley,_4th_Baron_Ravensdale
in 2011 Elected as Liberal Democrat; became non-affiliated in 2019, Crossbencher in 2021 Ceased to sit as an excepted hereditary peer on 29 April 2026;
List of excepted hereditary peers
List_of_excepted_hereditary_peers
Irene Curzon3 2nd Baroness Ravensdale Baroness Ravensdale of Kedleston Crossbencher 1925 1958 1966† Robert Lindsay 29th Earl of Crawford 12th Earl of Balcarres
List of hereditary peers in the House of Lords by virtue of a life peerage
List_of_hereditary_peers_in_the_House_of_Lords_by_virtue_of_a_life_peerage
British lawyer and House of Lords crossbencher
Baron Pannick, KC (born 7 March 1956) is a British barrister and a crossbencher in the House of Lords and Blackstone Chambers. He practises primarily
David_Pannick,_Baron_Pannick
British CEO and former civil servant (born 1967)
2025, she was created a life peer, sitting in the House of Lords as a crossbencher. White was born in east London, England, and brought up in Leyton, London
Sharon White, Baroness White of Tufnell Park
Sharon_White,_Baroness_White_of_Tufnell_Park
British civil servant (born 1938)
retired British civil servant, now sitting in the House of Lords as a crossbencher. Butler was born in Lytham St Annes, Lancashire, on 3 January 1938. He
Robin Butler, Baron Butler of Brockwell
Robin_Butler,_Baron_Butler_of_Brockwell
Anglo-Irish aristocrat and businessman
he regularly attended. He did not join a political party but sat as a crossbencher. On 11 November 1999, he was among the majority of the hereditary members
Edward Guinness, 4th Earl of Iveagh
Edward_Guinness,_4th_Earl_of_Iveagh
English judge (born 1933)
County of Devon, on 13 June 2006. She sits in the House of Lords as a crossbencher. She made her maiden speech on 21 November 2006 during the Debate on
Elizabeth Butler-Sloss, Baroness Butler-Sloss
Elizabeth_Butler-Sloss,_Baroness_Butler-Sloss
Election for the 43rd Parliament of Australia
resulting in the first hung parliament since the 1940 election. Six crossbenchers held the balance of power. Greens MP Adam Bandt and independent MPs
2010 Australian federal election
2010_Australian_federal_election
British senior diplomat and life peer
is a retired British senior diplomat and a life peer. He has sat as a crossbencher in the House of Lords since 2016. Ricketts served as chair of the Joint
Peter_Ricketts
Former Director-General of the BBC
Merseyside. He took his seat in the House of Lords in March 2000 as a crossbencher. Birt is an active cross-bencher in the House of Lords, with special
John_Birt,_Baron_Birt
British businesswoman (born 1973); member of the House of Lords
served on the board of Channel 4. She entered the House of Lords as a crossbencher on 26 March 2013, becoming its youngest female member; she was appointed
Martha_Lane_Fox
British courtier (born 1966)
Berkshire, and was introduced to the House of Lords on 15 June. He sits as a crossbencher and made his maiden speech on 15 November 2023. In July 2024, Young was
Edward Young, Baron Young of Old Windsor
Edward_Young,_Baron_Young_of_Old_Windsor
British parliamentary designation
they no longer hold judicial office. Most non-party Lords Temporal are crossbenchers. Peers may also be required to sit as non-affiliated while they hold
Non-affiliated members of the House of Lords
Non-affiliated_members_of_the_House_of_Lords
British peer (born 1945)
Best, of Godmanstone in the County of Dorset. He sits as an independent crossbencher in the House of Lords. Best was appointed an Officer of the Order of
Richard_Best,_Baron_Best
British Viscount
remain after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999, sitting as a crossbencher until his retirement on 23 June 2025. He takes a particular interest
John Anderson, 3rd Viscount Waverley
John_Anderson,_3rd_Viscount_Waverley
British businessman and politician (born 1955)
from 2007 to 2008. He sat in the House of Lords as a non-aligned active crossbencher until 2020. Jones was born on 28 October 1955 in Birmingham, England
Digby Jones, Baron Jones of Birmingham
Digby_Jones,_Baron_Jones_of_Birmingham
Far-right political party in the United Kingdom
(11)‡ Speaker (1) House of Lords (771) Conservative (244) Labour (216) Crossbenchers (154) Liberal Democrats (74) DUP (6) UUP (3) Greens (E&W) (2) Plaid
Restore_Britain
British soldier, businessman and peer (1921–2011)
favour of Geoffrey in 1976. In the House of Lords, Ampthill sat as a crossbencher. He was a deputy speaker from 1983 and Chairman of Committees from 1992
Geoffrey Russell, 4th Baron Ampthill
Geoffrey_Russell,_4th_Baron_Ampthill
British peer (1924–2010)
Dwyfor DL (28 April 1924 – 29 July 2010), was a British peer. He sat as a crossbencher in the House of Lords. Lord Lloyd-George was the son of Richard Lloyd
Owen Lloyd George, 3rd Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor
Owen_Lloyd_George,_3rd_Earl_Lloyd-George_of_Dwyfor
British linguist (1920–2017)
literature at University College London from 1968 to 1981. He sat as a crossbencher in the House of Lords. Quirk was born at his family's farm, Lambfell
Randolph_Quirk
British politician (1932–2021)
2021), known as Elystan Morgan, was a Welsh politician. He sat as a crossbencher in the House of Lords from 1981 to 2020, and served as a Labour MP from
Elystan_Morgan
British lawyer and politician
barrister. He is a life peer in the House of Lords, where he sits as a crossbencher and was previously a Liberal Democrat. He was Warden of Wadham College
Ken_Macdonald
British peer (born 1952)
Lords until the House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Act 2026; he sat as a crossbencher. He is the current Lord Lieutenant of Fermanagh. Lord Brookeborough was
Alan Brooke, 3rd Viscount Brookeborough
Alan_Brooke,_3rd_Viscount_Brookeborough
British judge
justiceship, he was Master of the Rolls from 2000 to 2005. He sits as a crossbencher. Phillips was born 21 January 1938. He was educated at Bryanston School
Nick Phillips, Baron Phillips of Worth Matravers
Nick_Phillips,_Baron_Phillips_of_Worth_Matravers
British aristocrat (1951–2023)
Lords after the passing of the House of Lords Act 1999; he sat as a crossbencher until his death. Adrian Palmer was the son of Colonel the Hon. Sir Gordon
Adrian Palmer, 4th Baron Palmer
Adrian_Palmer,_4th_Baron_Palmer
British peeress and politician
inherited the Portal barony of Hungerford from her father. She sat as a crossbencher in the House of Lords from 1972 to 1990. Lady Portal of Hungerford was
Rosemary Portal, 2nd Baroness Portal of Hungerford
Rosemary_Portal,_2nd_Baroness_Portal_of_Hungerford
British civil servant (born 1978)
to be awarded a life peerage, and will sit in the House of Lords as a crossbencher. He was created as Baron Case, of Fairford in the County of Gloucestershire
Simon_Case
Clerk of the House of Commons
Following his elevation as a Life Peer in 2014, Lord Lisvane sits as a crossbencher in the House of Lords. He is also a member of the Steering Committee
Robert_Rogers,_Baron_Lisvane
British diplomat and peer (born 1941)
of Lords Lord Temporal Life peerage 28 November 2014 Personal details Born Andrew Fleming Green (1941-08-06) 6 August 1941 (age 84) Party Crossbencher
Andrew Green, Baron Green of Deddington
Andrew_Green,_Baron_Green_of_Deddington
British politician and businessman (1928–2020)
under the House of Lords Act 1999. He was returned to the Lords as a crossbencher in an election of hereditary cross-bench peers in 2005, following the
David Montgomery, 2nd Viscount Montgomery of Alamein
David_Montgomery,_2nd_Viscount_Montgomery_of_Alamein
Peers who hold office in the Royal Household of the United Kingdom
the monarch (who, if they have a seat in the House of Lords, sit as crossbenchers). Lords-in-waiting (whether political or non-political) may be called
Lord-in-waiting
UK election
hereditary peers were elected by hereditary peers of three parties and crossbenchers in elections held from 3 to 4 November 1999. 42 excepted hereditary
1999_House_of_Lords_elections
British electoral alliance
(11)‡ Speaker (1) House of Lords (771) Conservative (244) Labour (216) Crossbenchers (154) Liberal Democrats (74) DUP (6) UUP (3) Greens (E&W) (2) Plaid
Labour_and_Co-operative_Party
Welsh wheelchair racer and parliamentarian (born 1969)
swearing the oath of allegiance in both English and Welsh and sits as a crossbencher. In August 2014, Grey-Thompson was one of 200 public figures who were
Tanni_Grey-Thompson
unsuccessful, with then-Labor leader Dean Winter unable to convince crossbenchers to support his bid for government. In the August 2025 no-confidence
Next_Tasmanian_state_election
British life peer and retired barrister and judge (born 1933)
Appeal of Hong Kong from 2003 to 2012. He sits in the House of Lords as a crossbencher. Woolf was born in Newcastle upon Tyne, on 2 May 1933, to Alexander Susman
Harry_Woolf,_Baron_Woolf
British hereditary peer
hereditary peer and former member of the House of Lords, who sat as a crossbencher. Freyberg was born on 15 December 1970 to Paul Freyberg, 2nd Baron Freyberg
Valerian Freyberg, 3rd Baron Freyberg
Valerian_Freyberg,_3rd_Baron_Freyberg
Australian politician
Major Sir Thomas Karran Maltby (17 October 1890 – 2 June 1976) was a politician in Victoria, Australia. He was a member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
Thomas_Maltby
British Baroness (born 1955)
sat as a non-affiliated peer. Since 3 September 2020, she has sat as a crossbencher. On 1 December 2020, she began a five-year term as chair of the Equality
Kishwer Falkner, Baroness Falkner of Margravine
Kishwer_Falkner,_Baroness_Falkner_of_Margravine
English hereditary peer and barrister (born 1975)
(1975-08-14) 14 August 1975 (age 50) Exeter, Devon, England Party None (Crossbencher) Spouse A. J. Langer (m. 2004–2026) Children 2 Parent(s) Hugh Courtenay
Charles Courtenay, 19th Earl of Devon
Charles_Courtenay,_19th_Earl_of_Devon
British businessman (born 1938)
and a former member of the House of Lords. Having originally been a crossbencher, he took the Conservative whip in 2016. He was married to Shruti, Lady
Diljit_Rana,_Baron_Rana
English economist (born 1957)
September 2016 to 9 October 2017, and he has sat as a member of the crossbenchers since 9 October 2017. A native Mancunian, he has supported fiscal devolution
Jim O'Neill, Baron O'Neill of Gatley
Jim_O'Neill,_Baron_O'Neill_of_Gatley
British peer and scientist (1908–2000)
Earl of Halsbury FRS (4 June 1908 – 14 January 2000), was a British crossbencher peer and scientist, succeeding to his title in 1943. A visionary industrialist
Tony Giffard, 3rd Earl of Halsbury
Tony_Giffard,_3rd_Earl_of_Halsbury
British politician and rabbi (born 1950)
Lords she took the Liberal Democrat whip until 2011 when she became a crossbencher upon becoming the full-time senior rabbi of the West London Synagogue
Julia_Neuberger
British judge (born 1947)
England and Wales from 2013 to 2017. He sits in the House of Lords as a crossbencher. Thomas was born in 1947 to Roger Edward Laugharne Thomas and his wife
John Thomas, Baron Thomas of Cwmgiedd
John_Thomas,_Baron_Thomas_of_Cwmgiedd
British peer, soldier and businessman (1927–2019)
Lords Act 1999. In 1970, he succeeded to his father's title. He sat as a crossbencher. The son of Aileen (née Robertson) and William Slim (later 1st Viscount
John_Slim,_2nd_Viscount_Slim
South African-British judge and Law Lord (1932–2017)
until September 2005 a Law Lord. He sat in the House of Lords as a crossbencher. Steyn was born in Stellenbosch in the Union of South Africa, the son
Johan_Steyn,_Baron_Steyn
British politician and activist (born 1961)
century than empire." Woolley was nominated for a life peerage to sit as a crossbencher in the House of Lords by Prime Minister Theresa May in her 2019 Resignation
Simon Woolley, Baron Woolley of Woodford
Simon_Woolley,_Baron_Woolley_of_Woodford
Political party in the United Kingdom
(11)‡ Speaker (1) House of Lords (771) Conservative (244) Labour (216) Crossbenchers (154) Liberal Democrats (74) DUP (6) UUP (3) Greens (E&W) (2) Plaid
South_Devon_Alliance
British neuroscientist, academic and life peer
neuroscientist, academic, and life peer who sat in the House of Lords as a crossbencher. Walton qualified from Durham University College of Medicine and completed
John Walton, Baron Walton of Detchant
John_Walton,_Baron_Walton_of_Detchant
British diplomat (1931–2020)
as Head of HM Diplomatic Service. He sat in the House of Lords as a crossbencher from 10 February 1994 until his retirement on 17 December 2019. Patrick
Patrick Wright, Baron Wright of Richmond
Patrick_Wright,_Baron_Wright_of_Richmond
British politician
(1936-10-14) 14 October 1936 (age 89) Westminster, England Party None (Crossbencher) Other political affiliations Conservative (as an MP) Children The Hon
Richard_Luce,_Baron_Luce
British politician
British hereditary peer and a member of the House of Lords who sits as a crossbencher. Hampton became a member of the House in October 2022, being elected
John Pakington, 7th Baron Hampton
John_Pakington,_7th_Baron_Hampton
British farmer and aristocrat (1926–2019)
the House of Lords Act 1999 until his retirement in 2018, and sat as a crossbencher. The son of Walter James, 4th Baron Northbourne, and his wife, Katharine
Christopher James, 5th Baron Northbourne
Christopher_James,_5th_Baron_Northbourne
Scottish academic and public servant (1941-2018)
of Britain's most distinguished philosophers of religion. He sat as a crossbencher in the House of Lords. He was educated at Robert Gordon's College. In
Stewart Sutherland, Baron Sutherland of Houndwood
Stewart_Sutherland,_Baron_Sutherland_of_Houndwood
British nursing administrator and life peer (1935–2026)
who was a member of the House of Lords from 1997 to 2019. She sat as a crossbencher. Appointed a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the
Audrey Emerton, Baroness Emerton
Audrey_Emerton,_Baroness_Emerton
British hereditary peer and member of the House of Lords (born 1945)
hereditary peer and a former member of the House of Lords, where he sat as a Crossbencher. Boyle was an officer in the Royal Navy and then had a career in the
John_Boyle,_15th_Earl_of_Cork
Head of government of Tasmania
Rockliff not holding a majority since 2023, he has had to negotiate with crossbenchers to form a government. Since the 2024 state election, he has been supported
Premier_of_Tasmania
of Merton Crossbencher 119 13 October 2011 Donald Curry † Baron Curry of Kirkharle of Kirkharle in the County of Northumberland Crossbencher 30 April 2026
List of life peerages (2010–2024)
List_of_life_peerages_(2010–2024)
British physician (1940–2006)
in the County of Merseyside, chosen as a "People's Peer." He sat as a crossbencher. He became the second person of Chinese descent to take a seat in either
Michael_Chan,_Baron_Chan
British peeress (1922–2012)
Peter Haworth in 1984 and has three sons. She sat as an independent crossbencher peer in the House of Lords from the implementation of the Peerage Act
Mary Freeman-Grenville, 12th Lady Kinloss
Mary_Freeman-Grenville,_12th_Lady_Kinloss
English judge (1941–2023)
introduced to the House of Lords five days later, where he sat as a crossbencher. In 2007 Lord Judge was awarded an honorary doctorate from Nottingham
Igor_Judge,_Baron_Judge
Appointed member of the peerage of the United Kingdom whose title cannot be inherited
Speakers of the House of Commons upon retirement since 1971, who sit as crossbenchers. (Previously, retiring Speakers had by custom received a hereditary
Life_peer
British academic (born 1958)
peerage to the House of Lords by Queen Elizabeth II, where he sits as a crossbencher. In the same year he also received the UNICEF award from the UK Chancellor
Michael Hastings, Baron Hastings of Scarisbrick
Michael_Hastings,_Baron_Hastings_of_Scarisbrick
Former UK political party
(11)‡ Speaker (1) House of Lords (771) Conservative (244) Labour (216) Crossbenchers (154) Liberal Democrats (74) DUP (6) UUP (3) Greens (E&W) (2) Plaid
Women's_Equality_Party
British police officer (born 1942)
as the hacking scandal progressed. He sits in the House of Lords as a crossbencher. Stevens was educated at St. Lawrence College, Ramsgate, the University
John Stevens, Baron Stevens of Kirkwhelpington
John_Stevens,_Baron_Stevens_of_Kirkwhelpington
Senior member of parliament
the side or on benches between the two sides, and are referred to as crossbenchers. Frontbenchers may be part of a Frontbench Team with other members of
Frontbencher
British chartered surveyor and hereditary peer
peer by-election being reintroduced to the Lords, where he sits as a crossbencher. Lord Lytton has taken his Byronic ancestry to heart and contributes
John Lytton, 5th Earl of Lytton
John_Lytton,_5th_Earl_of_Lytton
British politician (1934–2024)
1999, but left a second time in 2008, after which point she sat as a crossbencher. Flather attended University College London. Flather was also at one
Shreela Flather, Baroness Flather
Shreela_Flather,_Baroness_Flather
British fascist political party
(11)‡ Speaker (1) House of Lords (771) Conservative (244) Labour (216) Crossbenchers (154) Liberal Democrats (74) DUP (6) UUP (3) Greens (E&W) (2) Plaid
Britain_First
Ulster-born historian
as a crossbencher. He was introduced to the Lords on 15 May 2007, supported by Baroness O'Neill of Bengarve (a fellow academic and crossbencher) and Lord
Paul_Bew
British journalist (1928–2012)
London, England Resting place Church of St James, Cameley Party None (crossbencher) Other political affiliations Conservative Spouse Gillian Morris Children
William_Rees-Mogg
British photographer and filmmaker (1930–2017)
London, England Resting place St Baglan's Church, Llanfaglan, Wales Party Crossbencher Spouses Princess Margaret (m. 1960; div. 1978) Lucy Mary Lindsay-Hogg
Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon
Antony_Armstrong-Jones,_1st_Earl_of_Snowdon
Parliamentarian who neither holds ministerial office nor shadows a minister
candidates in GRCs, where they contest in a team led by a PAP minister. Crossbencher House of Commons of the United Kingdom "Backbench", Merriam-Webster Dictionary;
Backbencher
Life peer from Enfield Town, England
succeeded by Sir Gus O'Donnell. He now sits in the House of Lords as a crossbencher. Turnbull was educated at Enfield Grammar School and Christ's College
Andrew Turnbull, Baron Turnbull
Andrew_Turnbull,_Baron_Turnbull
British peer (born 1960)
member of House of Lords on three separate stints, each time sitting as a crossbencher: Prior to the House of Lords Act 1999, which removed all but 92 excepted
Godfrey Bewicke-Copley, 7th Baron Cromwell
Godfrey_Bewicke-Copley,_7th_Baron_Cromwell
British lawyer and political adviser (1913–1995)
introduced to the House of Lords on 21 July 1965. He sat in the Lords as a crossbencher. He made his maiden speech on 9 December 1965 during a debate on the
Arnold_Goodman,_Baron_Goodman
British peer and racing manager to Queen Elizabeth II (1924–2001)
succeeded as Earl of Carnarvon in 1987, and sat in the House of Lords as a crossbencher, using his position to promote the interests of horseracing. He also
Henry Herbert, 7th Earl of Carnarvon
Henry_Herbert,_7th_Earl_of_Carnarvon
British centrist political party in 2019
£1.5 million. A "significant" donation to the group was later made by crossbencher Lord Myners, City Minister under Labour Prime Minister Gordon Brown.
Change_UK
Welsh medical doctor (born 1949)
Member of the House of Lords Lord Temporal Life peerage 28 June 2001 Personal details Born (1949-02-23) 23 February 1949 (age 77) Party None (crossbencher)
Ilora Finlay, Baroness Finlay of Llandaff
Ilora_Finlay,_Baroness_Finlay_of_Llandaff
1998 2010 (Crossed the floor) Resigned from the Labour Party, now a Crossbencher British Bangladeshi Crossbench 2010 Serving Labour Nazir Ahmed, Baron
List of British Muslim politicians
List_of_British_Muslim_politicians
Political party in the United Kingdom
(11)‡ Speaker (1) House of Lords (771) Conservative (244) Labour (216) Crossbenchers (154) Liberal Democrats (74) DUP (6) UUP (3) Greens (E&W) (2) Plaid
Communist_Party_of_Britain
British public official (born 1965)
Casey (1965-03-29) 29 March 1965 (age 61) Redruth, England Party None (crossbencher) Education Oaklands Catholic School Alma mater Goldsmiths, University
Louise Casey, Baroness Casey of Blackstock
Louise_Casey,_Baroness_Casey_of_Blackstock
British hereditary peer and businessman (1939–2025)
November 2025), was a British hereditary peer and businessman who sat as a crossbencher in the House of Lords from 1994 until 1999. O'Neill was educated at Eton
Hugh O'Neill, 3rd Baron Rathcavan
Hugh_O'Neill,_3rd_Baron_Rathcavan
British politician (1912–1998)
machine?" He also stated that the inclusion in the proposals of thirty crossbenchers was "a grand absurdity", because they would have been chosen "upon the
Enoch_Powell
British politician and law scholar
Dalston, of Dalston in the London Borough of Hackney and he sits as a crossbencher. In 2014 he was awarded the Liberty Human Rights 'Campaign of the Year
Colin Low, Baron Low of Dalston
Colin_Low,_Baron_Low_of_Dalston
Combermere (8 August 1929 – 3 November 2000) was a British academic and Crossbencher in the House of Lords. He was the eldest son of Francis Stapleton-Cotton
Michael Stapleton-Cotton, 5th Viscount Combermere
Michael_Stapleton-Cotton,_5th_Viscount_Combermere
British police officer (born 1947)
created Baron Condon, of Langton Green in the County of Kent. He sat as a crossbencher in the House of Lords until his retirement on 21 December 2017. "Profile:
Paul_Condon,_Baron_Condon
British peer (born 1966)
27th Baron de Clifford, and was elected to the House of Lords in a Crossbencher by-election in September 2023, taking the place of Raymond, Lord Hylton
Miles Russell, 28th Baron de Clifford
Miles_Russell,_28th_Baron_de_Clifford
British judge (1946–2018)
additional Lords of Appeal in the House of Lords, where he sat as a crossbencher. Mackay was born in Aberdeen in 1946, to Donald George Mackintosh Mackay
Donald Mackay, Baron Mackay of Drumadoon
Donald_Mackay,_Baron_Mackay_of_Drumadoon
British diplomat
his maiden speech on 2 March 2021. He sits in the House of Lords as a crossbencher. On 23 November 2021, McDonald was announced as Master-elect of Christ's
Simon McDonald, Baron McDonald of Salford
Simon_McDonald,_Baron_McDonald_of_Salford
Title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Lords after the passing of the House of Lords Act of 1999, and sat as a crossbencher. His son, the 3rd Viscount, is a chartered surveyor and a director of
Viscount_Slim
English actor-manager (1924–2016)
disability causes, among others. He entered the House of Lords as a crossbencher in 1992 and was president of Mencap from 1998 until his death. Rix was
Brian_Rix
Scottish forensic anthropologist (born 1961)
College, Oxford. In 2021, she was appointed to the House of Lords as a crossbencher life peer. On 26 April 2021, she was created Baroness Black of Strome
Sue Black, Baroness Black of Strome
Sue_Black,_Baroness_Black_of_Strome
Archbishop of Canterbury from 2003 to 2012
Lords as Baron Williams of Oystermouth on 15 January 2013, sitting as a crossbencher. Oystermouth is a district of Swansea. Williams delivered the Gifford
Rowan_Williams
Fowler served as Lord Speaker from 2016 to 2021 and has subsequently sat as a Crossbencher, but his memoirs relate to his time in the Conservative Party.
List of British political memoirs
List_of_British_political_memoirs
British peer and hereditary member of the House of Lords (born 1956)
death in 1991 and entered the House of Lords in 1992, initially as a crossbencher. Shortly before the general election of 1997, he joined the Conservative
John_Attlee,_3rd_Earl_Attlee
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