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book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) "Comments". "Sneeze like an Arab: Onomatopoeias in the Middle East". al-bawaba. 2015-10-04. Retrieved 2018-04-12. Dickinson
Cross-linguistic onomatopoeias
Cross-linguistic_onomatopoeias
List of common words used to describe animal noises and their audio recordings
Bioacoustics Cat organ & piganino Cross-linguistic onomatopoeias Field recording List of animal names List of onomatopoeias "Old MacDonald Had a Farm" "The
List_of_animal_sounds
Topics referred to by the same term
free dictionary. ZZZ, Zzz, zZz, or zzz may refer to: zzz, a cross-linguistic onomatopoeia for snoring or sleeping A series of Zs in a speech balloon,
Zzz
This is a list of onomatopoeias, i.e. words that imitate, resemble, or suggest the source of the sound that they describe. For more information, see the
List_of_onomatopoeias
Onomatopoeia for sound of engine revving
used in speech therapy techniques. It is also an example of a cross-linguistic onomatopoeia. According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, the first
Vroom
Vocalization by cats
globally. However, differences between words emerge with time. Cross-linguistic onomatopoeias § Mammal sounds Devocalization List of animal sounds Schötz
Meow
Topics referred to by the same term
Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Bzzz or Bzz may refer to: Bzzz, a cross-linguistic onomatopoeia (the sound of a bee buzzing) Bzzz!, a relationship game show
Bzzz
Words that imitate the sound they describe
onomatopoeias but whose original expressive iconicity goes unrecognized by modern speakers, examples include fanfare, pigeon, and cough. Onomatopoeia
Onomatopoeia
Topics referred to by the same term
Sächsische Landesärztekammer) şlak, an onomatopoeia for a camera's click; see Cross-linguistic onomatopoeias Search for "slak" on Wikipedia. All pages
Slak
Topics referred to by the same term
Propulsion Laboratory, Cresenta Valley, California, USA psss, a cross-linguistic onomatopoeia, the sound of steam hissing psss, an elimination communication
PSSS
Lied by Arnold Schoenberg
poem). A low triplet ostinato (m. 6) paints snoring, like its cross-linguistic onomatopoeias, upon "slumber" ("Schlummer", end of first stanza). Intricate
Herzgewächse
— torch zuzumuzu — whispering Ideophone Onomatopoeia Japanese sound symbolism Cross-linguistic onomatopoeias Trikiti Txalaparta Euskara Basque alphabet
List_of_ideophones_in_Basque
Topics referred to by the same term
in the United States Blag, Tagalog for a falling strike, a cross-linguistic onomatopoeias Blag Dahlia (Paul Cafaro, born 1966), American singer and record
Blag
Concept in linguistics
Valenzuela (2020). "Iconicity and systematicity in phonaesthemes: A cross-linguistic study". Cognitive Linguistics. 31 (3): 515–548. doi:10.1515/cog-2018-0079
Phonestheme
Communication of additional meaning, nuance, or emotion in speech
current research. Some of the linguistic features of speech, in particular of its prosody, are paralinguistic or pre-linguistic in origin. A most fundamental
Paralanguage
Words evoking ideas of specific sounds or other sensations
The class of ideophones is the least common syntactic category cross-linguistically; it occurs mostly in African, Australian, and Amerindian languages
Ideophone
Folk culture of young people
"The Metrics of Children's Verse: A Cross-Linguistic Study". The Metrics of Children's Verse: A Cross-Linguistic Study1, University of Michigan, anthrosource
Childlore
Type of word or affix that is used to accompany nouns
occurrence of numeral classifiers cross-cuts what has otherwise been characterized as one of the classical examples of a linguistic area, namely, South Asia.
Classifier_(linguistics)
20th-century Tamil linguistic-purity movement
Tanittamil Iyakkam (Independent Tamil Movement) is a linguistic purism movement which advocated to remove loanwords from Tamil language. Maraimalai Adigal
Tanittamil_Iyakkam
Cebuano Visayan. New York: Southeast Asia Program of Cornell University & Linguistic Society of the Philippines. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021
List_of_ethnic_slurs
Most basic form of words in the Proto-Indo-European language
PIE at all, if the Indo-European words usually traced back to it are onomatopoeias. The meaning of a reconstructed root is conventionally that of a verb;
Proto-Indo-European_root
facilitated its rapid proliferation, creating "an unprecedented variety of linguistic variation", according to Danielle Abril of The Washington Post. Self-deprecating
Glossary_of_2020s_slang
warblish from around the world can provide insights into humans' creative linguistic responses to the natural environment. A recent study has found warblish
Warblish
American linguist (1915–2001)
genetic distribution. He identified a number of proposed linguistic universals and cross-linguistic tendencies. In particular, Greenberg conceptualized the
Joseph_Greenberg
List of interlinear glossing abbreviations
article lists common abbreviations for grammatical terms that are used in linguistic interlinear glossing of oral languages in English. The list provides conventional
List of glossing abbreviations
List_of_glossing_abbreviations
1916 book on linguistics
the need for cross-language compromise and standardization. Intercourse can prevent dialectical fragmentation by suppressing linguistic innovations; it
Course_in_General_Linguistics
Slang terms and languages used on the Internet
productive linguistic capacity (the type of information that can be sent) is determined by the preassigned characters on a keyboard, and receptive linguistic capacity
Internet_slang
Study of the origin and evolution of words
familiar or strange words is far older than the modern understanding of linguistic evolution and the relationships of languages, which began no earlier than
Etymology
Word that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase
a single class, in view of the variety of functions they perform cross-linguistically. An example of a pronoun is "you", which can be either singular or
Pronoun
Chinese language database
Pan-Chinese printed media. Through rigorous analysis based on computational linguistic methodology, LIVAC has at the same time accumulated a large amount of
LIVAC_Synchronous_Corpus
Adverbial form of verb (adverb constructed from verbs)
home. Haspelmath, Martin; König, Ekkehard, eds. (1995). Converbs in cross-linguistic perspective. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783110884463.
Converb
Religious practice
However, Finnish ethnolinguist Juha Janhunen questions this connection on linguistic grounds: "The possibility cannot be completely rejected, but neither should
Shamanism
Latin epic poem by Virgil
E. (12 April 2009). "ЛІНГВІСТЫЧНЫ АНАЛІЗ ПАЭМЫ "ЭНЕІДА НАВЫВАРАТ"" [Linguistic analysis of the poem "Eneida inside-out"]. Мовазнаўства (in Belarusian)
Aeneid
Misinterpretation of a spoken phrase
Your Walrus Hurt the One You Love: Malapropisms, Mispronunciations, and Linguistic Cock-ups, 1988. ISBN 978-0-333-47337-5. Look up mondegreen in Wiktionary
Mondegreen
Sound change within a word that indicates grammatical information
Nonconcatenative morphology References for ablaut Bauer, Laurie (2003). Introducing linguistic morphology. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press. p. 35. ISBN 9780878403431
Apophony
International auxiliary language
Zamenhof also proposed to the first congress that an independent body of linguistic scholars should steward the future evolution of Esperanto, foreshadowing
Esperanto
Controversial method in historical linguistics
display a restricted subset of a language's phonemic inventory, making cross-linguistic chance resemblances more likely. Greenberg also allows for a wide semantic
Mass_comparison
Category of words based on shared grammatical properties in a clause
Language. 1: 19–80. doi:10.1075/sl.1.1.04dix. Adjective classes: a cross-linguistic typology, Robert M. W. Dixon, Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald, OUP Oxford,
Part_of_speech
Punctuation and accent mark (~, ◌̃)
This page uses IPA notation for orthographic or other linguistic analysis. For the meaning of how ⟨ ⟩, | |, / /, and [ ] are used here, see this page.
Tilde
Grammatical component
Mengistu; Baker, Brett; Harvey, Mark (eds.). Complex Predicates: Cross-linguistic Perspectives on Event Structure. Cambridge University Press. pp. 48–78
Light_verb
Pronoun having no referent
Kolehmainen, Leena (1 January 2010). "The linguistics of weather: Cross-linguistic patterns of meteorological expressions". Studies in Language. 34 (3):
Dummy_pronoun
My Little Pony pornography
the anonymous nature of Internet communication encouraged aggressive linguistic play, which facilitated the creation of terms like clopping. Clop has
Clop_(erotic_fan_art)
How humans use words to communicate
S2CID 4338340. Green DW, Crinion J, Price CJ (July 2007). "Exploring cross-linguistic vocabulary effects on brain structures using voxel-based morphometry"
Language processing in the brain
Language_processing_in_the_brain
English dialect of the American Midwest
Regional vocabularies of American English Allen, Harold B. (1973). The Linguistic Atlas of the Upper Midwest. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
North-Central American English
North-Central_American_English
Sign language predominantly in the US
in Baker, Anne; van den Bogaerde, Beppie; Crasborn, Onno (eds.), Cross-linguistic perspectives in sign language research: selected papers from TISLR
American_Sign_Language
Interaction between syntax and semantics
more it tends to be typologically universal, that is, to show less cross-linguistic variation. In formal semantics, semantic interpretation is viewed as
Syntax–semantics_interface
Part of speech
Theilgaard Brink, Eva (2015-09-01). "Epistemic complementizers: a cross-linguistic survey". Language Sciences. 51: 1–17. doi:10.1016/j.langsci.2015.04
Complementizer
Character in Gilgamesh myths
as anthropomorphic. Humbaba’s name shows no obvious signs of specific linguistic affiliation and its meaning is unknown. Similarly structured names are
Humbaba
Critically endangered Tungusic language
example /ŋ k r s/, do not appear as codas in native words except for in onomatopoeia. In Literary Manchu, the most common word-final coda is /n/. Or ⟨ch⟩
Manchu_language
Form of literature
Greek, "makers" of language – have contributed to the evolution of the linguistic, expressive, and utilitarian qualities of their languages. In an increasingly
Poetry
Hypothetical ancestor of the South Dravidian languages
proto-language is being considered for merging. › Proto–South Dravidian is the linguistic reconstruction of the common ancestor of the southern Dravidian languages
Proto–South Dravidian language
Proto–South_Dravidian_language
Historical abugida script for Tamil
script" unearthed in Tamil Nadu and Kerala suggest that this region had a "linguistic cohesiveness well before 5th–4th century BCE". According to Falk these
Tamil-Brahmi
Verb which takes a subject and two objects
N. Madariaga (Eds.), Argument Structure and Syntactic Relations: A cross-linguistic perspective (pp. 261–282). John Benjamins. 张美兰 (Zhang Mei-Lan). (2014)
Ditransitive_verb
Historic period of Tamil literature
acceptable range for the Sangam literature is 100 BCE to 250 CE, based on the linguistic, prosodic and quasi-historic allusions within the texts and the colophons
Sangam_literature
Latin script for the Vietnamese language
consonant does not exist, as in hóa, hủy), the "new style" emphasizes linguistic principles and tries to apply the tone mark on the main vowel (as in hoá
Vietnamese_alphabet
Awareness of the sound structure of words
and written language input on children's phonological awareness: a cross-linguistic study. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55, 1-30. Chaney, C. (1992)
Phonological_awareness
Concept in linguistics
bring[clarification needed] several unaccusative-related phenomena cross-linguistically and to address L2 acquisition on unaccusative verbs. According to
Unaccusative_verb
Formality distinction feature of some languages
the single second-person pronoun you in English is controversial among linguistic scholars. For some, the English you keeps everybody at a distance, although
T–V_distinction
Grammatical construct resembling a verb
Mengistu Amberber, Brett Baker, Mark Harvey, Complex Predicates: Cross-linguistic Perspectives on Event Structure, CUP 2010, p. 59. Carol H. Rounds,
Coverb
Jivaro language spoken in Peru
official standing in the area it is spoken. Huambisa belongs to the Jivaroan linguistic family, a small language family of northern Peru, specifically in Amazonas
Huambisa_language
1552 novel by François Rabelais
erudition. The use of puns, proverbs, aphorisms, lists, and onomatopoeias reflects a linguistic playfulness and a contemplation of the nature of words. The
Le_Quart_Livre
combinations such as, mb, ng and nd, that are typical of the Niger-Congo linguistic complex. Maybe the most ancient and general of its meanings is that of
Music_of_Cuba
Writing style in Chinese
adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words, interjections, onomatopoeias, idioms, sayings, as well as names of people and places. Below is an
Chinese word-segmented writing
Chinese_word-segmented_writing
Concept in English grammar
prepositional phrase, or both, though the third type is not a distinct linguistic phenomenon. Finally, some linguists reject the term altogether. Particle
English_phrasal_verbs
Extinct language of Tierra del Fuego
Such contact/engagement-based semantic clines are relatively common cross-linguistically, and the phenomenon of posture verbs changing to aspect marking morphemes
Yahgan_language
Oïl language spoken in eastern Brittany, France
parts of Morbihan and Côtes-d'Armor, on the eastern side of the Breton linguistic boundary running roughly from Plouha to the Pénerf river [fr]. The eastern
Gallo_language
Slang
Retrieved 2025-07-16. Espree-Conaway, DeAndré (2024). "Bahasa Walikan Malang: Linguistic anthropological and sociolinguistic data". Harvard Dataverse. V5. doi:10
Indonesian_slang
Use of a pronoun tied to an antecedent
though, in some languages, there is no surface level evidence of that linguistic element. Traces represent the pronoun that would have been present in
Resumptive_pronoun
Verb that is active in meaning but takes its form from a different voice
Corbett, Greville G.; Brown, Dunstan; Hippisley, Andrew (2006b). Surrey Cross-linguistic Database on Deponency. University of Surrey. doi:10.15126/SMG.15/2
Deponent_verb
Textual representation of events and speech in motion imagery
is being said. Languages like Japanese also have a rich vocabulary of onomatopoeia which is used in captioning. In some East Asian countries, especially
Subtitles
Form of backgammon
is an onomatopoeia before asking the reader to be satisfied with this linguistic origin since "the subject is a game and not a science": The game of trictrac
Trictrac
Grammar of the English language
form a Cross-Linguistic Perspective. New York: Routledge. Brinton, Laurel J., and Leslie K. Arnovick (2017). The English language: a linguistic history
English_grammar
Verb with incomplete conjugation
Baerman, Matthew; Brown, Dunstan; Corbett, Greville G. (2009b). Surrey Cross-linguistic Database on Defectiveness. University of Surrey. doi:10.15126/SMG.21/2
Defective_verb
Brazilian novelist, short story writer, and diplomat (1908–1967)
and attach personal meaning to it. Reality, therefore, becomes only a linguistic construction, made possible by the interaction of two persons. The novel
João_Guimarães_Rosa
Verb that can be used transitively or intransitively
the subject of the anticausative alternative (also "the vase"). Cross-linguistically, the verbs that participate in the causative alternation are anticausatives
Labile_verb
Guatemalan writer and poet-diplomat (1899-1974)
writing. In many of his works, he is known to have frequently used onomatopoeias, repetitions and symbolism, techniques which are also prevalent in pre-Columbian
Miguel_Ángel_Asturias
Verb that has no determinate subject
Kittilä, Seppo; Kolehmainen, Leena (2010). "The linguistics of weather: Cross-linguistic patterns of meteorological expressions" (PDF). Studies in Language
Impersonal_verb
Act of producing musical sounds with the voice
vocal music that are performed using non-linguistic syllables or noises, sometimes as musical onomatopoeia. A short piece of vocal music with lyrics
Singing
Type of verb in Germanic languages
gemination and subsequent loss of -j- not taking place. The following is a cross-language paradigm of a short-stem Class I verb **gramjaną "to anger" (Gothic
Germanic_weak_verb
Fan translation of comics, often manga
for example, leaving in forms of address, romanizing sound effects and onomatopoeia instead of translating them, and providing the manga unflipped. This
Scanlation
Creative work in which pictures and text convey information
panels of images. Textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia can indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other information
Comics
Phonology of the Esperanto language
without it: pobo. The letter ŭ /u̯/ is sometimes used as a consonant in onomatopoeia and unassimilated foreign names (see below). The Esperanto alphabet is
Esperanto_phonology
Lao and Thai music genre
(1991). Compton, Carol. 1979. Courting poetry in Laos: a textual and linguistic analysis. Northern Illinois Center for Southeast Asian Studies. Miller
Mor_lam
South-Indian Literature by language
holds the earliest Sangam poetry to be over twelve millennia old. Modern linguistic scholarship places the poems between the 3rd century BCE and the 2nd century
Tamil_literature
prompting, singing human-generated bird calls with the corresponding onomatopoeias written on the bird, has generated significant scholarly and popular
María_Mencía
1946 novel by Guatemalan writer Miguel Ángel Asturias (1899–1974)
terrible effects of living under a dictatorship. His use of dream imagery, onomatopoeia, simile, and repetition of particular phrases, combined with a discontinuous
El_Señor_Presidente
German writer and publisher
By writing in Upper Bavarian dialect the author reconnects with his linguistic roots. Sabine Zaplin acknowledges that Leitner shares "the lust for provocation
Anton_G._Leitner
Oceanic language spoken in Papua New Guinea
locations with clan names. Hafford (2015), p. 3 Blust, Robert (1996). "The Linguistic Position of the Western Islands, Papua New Guinea". Oceanic Studies: Proceedings
Wuvulu-Aua_language
CROSS LINGUISTIC-ONOMATOPOEIAS
CROSS LINGUISTIC-ONOMATOPOEIAS
Boy/Male
German American Scottish Shakespearean Teutonic
Red. Surname.
Surname or Lastname
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : nickname for a big man, from Middle High German grÅz ‘large’, ‘thick’, ‘corpulent’, German gross. The Jewish name has been Hebraicized as Gadol, from Hebrew gadol ‘large’.English : nickname for a big man, from Middle English, Old French gros (Late Latin grossus, of Germanic origin, thus etymologically the same word as in 1 above). The English vocabulary word did not develop the sense ‘excessively fat’ until the 16th century.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived near a stone cross set up by the roadside or in a marketplace, from Old Norse kross (via Gaelic from Latin crux, genitive crucis), which in Middle English quickly and comprehensively displaced the Old English form crūc (see Crouch). In a few cases the surname may have been given originally to someone who lived by a crossroads, but this sense of the word seems to have been a comparatively late development. In other cases, the surname (and its European cognates) may have denoted someone who carried the cross in processions of the Christian Church, but in English at least the usual word for this sense was Crozier.Irish : reduced form of McCrossen.In North America this name has absorbed examples of cognate names from other languages, such as French Lacroix.
Boy/Male
English
Literally 'cross land'.
Boy/Male
Basque
Holy cross.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, French, Gaelic, German, Irish, Latin, Scandinavian, Scottish, Teutonic
Red Haired; Headland; Red; Surname; Wood; Rose; Having a Big Heart
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Wood
Male
Italian
Short form of Italian Crocifisso, or Croccifixio, CROSS means "cross; crucifix" or "way of the cross."
Boy/Male
English
By the cross.
Surname or Lastname
English and Irish
English and Irish : variant spelling of Cross.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Close 1.German : variant of Kloss.
Surname or Lastname
Scottish and English (of Norman origin)
Scottish and English (of Norman origin) : habitational name for someone from Rots near Caen in Normandy, probably named with the Germanic element rod ‘clearing’. Compare Rhodes. This was the original home of a family de Ros, who were established in Kent in 1130.Scottish and English : habitational name from any of various places called Ross or Roos(e), deriving the name from Welsh rhós ‘upland’ or moorland, or from a British ancestor of this word, which also had the sense ‘promontory’. This is the sense of the cognate Gaelic word ros. Known sources of the surname include Roos in Humberside (formerly in East Yorkshire) and the region of northern Scotland known as Ross. Other possible sources are Ross-on-Wye in Herefordshire, Ross in Northumbria (which is on a promontory), and Roose in LancashireEnglish and German : from the Germanic personal name Rozzo, a short form of the various compound names with the first element hrÅd ‘renown’, introduced into England by the Normans in the form Roce.German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : metonymic occupational name for a breeder or keeper of horses, from Middle High German ros, German Ross ‘horse’; perhaps also a nickname for someone thought to resemble a horse or a habitational name for someone who lived at a house distinguished by the sign of a horse.Jewish : Americanized form of Rose 3.
Boy/Male
African, Hindu, Indian
To Cross
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Old French, Middle English cras ‘big’, ‘fat’ (Latin crassus).Possibly an altered spelling of German Krass.
Boy/Male
Armenian
Small cross.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Chinese, Latin, Spanish
Cross
Girl/Female
Spanish
Holy cross.
Boy/Male
English
Literally 'cross land'.
Boy/Male
English Norse Teutonic
By the cross.
Male
English
Scottish surname transferred to forename use, derived from the Gaelic word ros, ROSS means "headland, promontory."
CROSS LINGUISTIC-ONOMATOPOEIAS
CROSS LINGUISTIC-ONOMATOPOEIAS
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Name of Lion; Height
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
To have Mercy Upon
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Aspiration
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Light of Name
Boy/Male
Hindu
Modesty
Girl/Female
Tamil
Arul Priya | à®…à®°à¯à®£Â பà¯à®°à®¿à®¯à®¾Â
Love with grace
Boy/Male
Tamil
Rajinder | ராஜிஂதர
Spontaneous
Girl/Female
Hindu
Safety, Security, Welfare, Tranquility, Goddess Durga
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord Vishnu, Refuge of Man
Girl/Female
Hindu
Blossom
CROSS LINGUISTIC-ONOMATOPOEIAS
CROSS LINGUISTIC-ONOMATOPOEIAS
CROSS LINGUISTIC-ONOMATOPOEIAS
CROSS LINGUISTIC-ONOMATOPOEIAS
CROSS LINGUISTIC-ONOMATOPOEIAS
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Cross-examine
v. t.
To put across or athwart; to cause to intersect; as, to cross the arms.
n.
A monument in the form of a cross, or surmounted by a cross, set up in a public place; as, a market cross; a boundary cross; Charing Cross in London.
n.
One who cross-examines or conducts a crosse-examination.
superl.
Great; palpable; serious; vagrant; shameful; as, a gross mistake; gross injustice; gross negligence.
a.
Alt. of Linguistical
adv.
In a linguistic manner; from the point of view of a linguist.
a.
Of or pertaining to language; relating to linguistics, or to the affinities of languages.
n.
Alt. of Cross-spall
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Cross-question
v. t.
To cancel by marking crosses on or over, or drawing a line across; to erase; -- usually with out, off, or over; as, to cross out a name.
n.
Same as Cross-spale.
n.
A line drawn across or through another line.
n.
See Cross, n.
imp. & p. p.
of Cross-examine
n.
See Cross, n.
imp. & p. p.
of Cross-question
prep.
Athwart; across.
n.
A piece of money stamped with the figure of a cross, also, that side of such a piece on which the cross is stamped; hence, money in general.
v. t.
To lay or draw something, as a line, across; as, to cross the letter t.