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Camouflage to counteract self-shading
upside-down countershading for camouflage. The English zoologist Edward Bagnall Poulton, author of The Colours of Animals (1890) discovered the countershading of
Countershading
Concealment in plain sight by any means, e.g. colour, pattern and shape
countershading. In the open ocean, where there is no background, the principal methods of camouflage are transparency, silvering, and countershading,
Camouflage
Camouflage used to protect from enemy observation
military leaders, although his advocacy of countershading was unsuccessful, despite his patent for countershading submarines and surface ships. The earliest
Military_camouflage
Clade of reptiles
Smithwick, F.M.; Nicholls, R.; Cuthill, I.C.; Vinther, J. (2017). "Countershading and Stripes in the Theropod Dinosaur Sinosauropteryx Reveal Heterogeneous
Dinosaur
Book by Abbott Handerson Thayer
identifying countershading in caterpillars, quoting some passages where Poulton describes how larvae and pupae can appear flat. Countershading is named as
Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom
Concealing-Coloration_in_the_Animal_Kingdom
Family of aquatic flightless birds
equator. Highly adapted for life in the ocean water, penguins have countershaded dark and white plumage and flippers for swimming. Most penguins feed
Penguin
Species of mollusc
carried along by the winds and ocean currents. G. atlanticus makes use of countershading; the blue side of their bodies faces upwards, blending in with the blue
Glaucus_atlanticus
Subset of animal coloration
below. An example of countershading in fish is the Atlantic bluefin tuna. Some fish are even known to have reverse countershading, being light on the dorsal
Fish_coloration
Active camouflage using light matched to the background
bacteria, often Aliivibrio fischeri. Counter-illumination differs from countershading, which uses only pigments such as melanin to reduce the appearance of
Counter-illumination
Species of anglerfish
and greyish on its back (though not very visible in sea), with white countershading on the underside. A dark brown stripe run on its back, from the head
Red-lipped_batfish
Camouflage to break up an object's outlines
other methods of crypsis, including background colour matching and countershading; special cases are coincident disruptive coloration and the disruptive
Disruptive_coloration
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
preserved in some of its feathers, which show that Sinosauropteryx had a countershading pattern in its body with a banded tail. The reddish brown colouration
Sinosauropteryx
surface of their body that results in the camouflage technique called countershading. A darker color on the upper side and lighter color on the underside
Shark_anatomy
Macropredatory species of Antarctic seal
the same length as, but half the weight of, a walrus. Its fur coat is countershaded, being silver on the bottom and dark gray on the top, and is distinctive
Leopard_seal
Group of insects in the order Lepidoptera
Cryptic countershaded caterpillar of a hawkmoth, Ceratomia amyntor
Butterfly
Honest signalling of an animal's defences
The honey badger's reverse countershading makes it conspicuous, honestly signalling its ability to defend itself through its aggressive temperament and
Aposematism
Species of large lamniform shark
single ridge or keel, and the anal fin is tiny. The white shark has a countershaded coloration for camouflage; being dark on top, usually blue-gray or gray-brown
Great_white_shark
American painter (1849–1921)
and Poulton), and especially about countershading. Beginning in 1892, he wrote about the function of countershading in nature, by which forms appear less
Abbott_Handerson_Thayer
their aquatic lifestyle, with a streamlined shape that minimizes drag, countershaded dark-and-white plumage, dense bones, powerful flippers, and insulating
List_of_penguins
Coat trait found in some horses
exhibit pangaré as a rule. Pangaré is thought to be a type of protective countershading. Horse foals are often born with "foal pangaré" or light points, especially
Pangaré
Species of fish
the dorsal surface, fading to a lighter shade ventrally as a form of countershading camouflage. M. mola also exhibits the ability to vary skin coloration
Ocean_sunfish
Species of nautilus
equiangular spiral, although it is not a golden spiral. The shell exhibits countershading, being light on the bottom and dark on top. This is to help avoid predators
Chambered_nautilus
British medium tank of WWII
A Firefly VC in Ursel Air Base, Belgium; gun barrel is painted with countershading pattern used to disguise length Firefly VC of 1st Polish Armoured Division
Sherman_Firefly
Family of ship camouflage
accurate range finding". However, in the same letter, Kerr also called for countershading, the use of paint to obliterate self-shading and thus to flatten out
Dazzle_camouflage
Area of land where little precipitation occurs
The cream-coloured courser is a well-camouflaged desert resident with its dusty coloration, countershading, and disruptive head markings.
Desert
One of the largest great white sharks ever recorded
white underside. Shark photographer George Probst notes that a shark's countershading pattern is unique to each individual of the species and is analogous
Deep_Blue_(great_white_shark)
Studies of the visible part of a canine
often display the remnants of countershading, a common natural camouflage pattern. The general theory of countershading is that an animal that is lit
Dog_anatomy
Aspect of animal behaviour and morphology
in their integuments, as in chameleon and cephalopods such as squid. Countershading, the use of different colors on upper and lower surfaces in graduating
Crypsis
Species of mammal
dolphin's coloration is unusual, with a dark back and white belly (countershading), while on each side is an hourglass pattern colored light grey, yellow
Common_dolphin
Extinct genus of reptiles
well-preserved specimens, including one which preserved evidence of countershading (similar to most sharks), blubber and a raised, homeothermic metabolism
Stenopterygius
Species of Australian marsupial
The animal is covered in soft, pale grey to light brown fur which is countershaded, being lighter in colour on its underside. The sugar glider, as strictly
Sugar_glider
List of ways of hiding objects or animals in plain sight
example, countershading is very common among land animals, but not for military camouflage. The dominant camouflage methods on land are countershading and
List_of_camouflage_methods
Camouflage in water, mainly by transparency, reflection, counter-illumination
and blue coloration are the most common form of camouflage. Below, countershading is more common, with blue coloration on the dorsal side and white on
Underwater_camouflage
Emission of light by a living organism
26 November 2014. Young, R. E.; Roper, C. F. (1976). "Bioluminescent countershading in midwater animals: evidence from living squid". Science. 191 (4231):
Bioluminescence
Class of jawless fish
States and need to travel upstream to reproduce. Many lampreys exhibit countershading, a form of camouflage. Similarly to many other aquatic species, most
Lamprey
Superorder of cephalopod molluscs
downwelling light from the ocean surface. This creates the effect of countershading, making the underside lighter than the upperside. Counter-illumination
Squid
General appearance of an animal
of crypsis among animals, and in particular described and explained countershading for the first time. However, the Thayers spoilt their case by arguing
Animal_coloration
Dilution gene
striping or leg bars indicative of a red dun may be called a "dunalino." Countershading such as light dorsal stripes resulting from the presence of the gene
Dun_gene
Lion and tigress hybrid
correspondingly tawny, sandy or golden. In common with tigers, as an example of countershading, the underparts are pale. The specific pattern and color depend upon
Liger
Species of shark
keel runs laterally along the base of the tail. This species exhibits countershading, with brilliant metallic blue coloration dorsally and white ventrally
Shortfin_mako_shark
Lightest color
color as a form of camouflage in winter. Animals such as penguins are countershaded with white bellies, again as camouflage. Statuette of the goddess Astarte
White
Species of marine reptile
grey to black, with white-pink speckling along the body. Demonstrating countershading, the turtle's underside is lightly colored. Instead of teeth, the leatherback
Leatherback_sea_turtle
Species of moth
Bagnall Poulton, author of The Colours of Animals (1890) described countershading in insects including the caterpillar larvae of the brimstone moth. The
Brimstone_moth
Taxonomic group of semi-aquatic mammals
trap heat from sunlight and keep the pup warm. Pinnipeds are typically countershaded, thus are darker coloured dorsally and lighter coloured ventrally, which
Pinniped
Family of mammals belonging to even-toed ungulates
eye. Many species, such as gazelles, may be made to look flat through countershading, hence blending into the background. The outlines of many bovids are
Bovidae
Senses of Felis catus
coloration Aposematism Camouflage Chromatophore Counter-illumination Countershading Crypsis Deimatic behaviour Disruptive coloration coincident Eyespot
Cat_senses
German medium tank of WWII
A preserved Sherman Firefly Mk Ic (2008); its gun barrel is painted with the countershading pattern used to disguise its length
Panther_tank
Tribe of fish
July 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2012. Argo, Emily (21 April 2017). "Countershading". Fishionary. American Fisheries Society. Retrieved 17 December 2022
Tuna
Species of turtle
a white or cream-colored underside. This color pattern is known as countershading and is a form of camouflage to conceal turtles from potential predators
Florida_softshell_turtle
Trait characterized by black or darker hairs mixed into a horse's coat
"clear-coated." On bay-based horses, the most common type of sooty is black countershading. This darkens the top side of the horse, sometimes turning the back
Sooty_horse
Large baleen whale species
color, with a paler underside to appear less conspicuous from below (countershading). At least two recognized subspecies exist, one in the North Atlantic
Fin_whale
Family of molluscs
brighter waters near the surface. This mode of camouflage is called countershading. The nautilus shell presents one of the finest natural examples of a
Nautilus
Species of moth
one of the first animals to be identified as being camouflaged with countershading to make it appear flat (shading being the main visual cue that makes
Peppered_moth
Species of fish
pigmentation – their bellies are darker than their backs, a form of countershading. These fish have lighter colors on the top of their bodies and darker
Synodontis_nigriventris
Family of moths
are often also spiny or hairy. Many are cryptic in coloration, with countershading or disruptive coloration to reduce detection, but some are more colorful
Saturniidae
Species of ground shark
will also camouflage the shark with the sunlight. This is known as countershading. Dark spots and stripes are most visible in young sharks and fade as
Tiger_shark
Use of camouflage on military aircraft
scheme works in every situation. A common approach has been a form of countershading, the aircraft being painted in a disruptive pattern of ground colours
Aircraft_camouflage
Large edible flatfishes
and from below (blending into the light from the sky) and is known as countershading. The IGFA size record for halibut was apparently broken off the waters
Halibut
American action military drama television series (1984–1987)
on top, and a custom pearl-gray (almost white) on the bottom, in a countershaded pattern. The craft was also fitted with various prop modifications,
Airwolf
Young fish
they will encounter in the ocean. Smolt also grow silvery scales with countershading, which visually confuse ocean predators. Post-smolt – When they have
Juvenile_fish
Hair coat color of horses
of any shade as bay, and black-pointed coats of any shade with black countershading as brown. Seal brown is best described as a black or nearly-black coat
Seal_brown_(horse)
Hair coloration in some equine
stripes and other primitive markings on non-dun horses used to be called "countershading" dorsals before their genetic cause was discovered at the dun locus
Primitive_markings
Species of fish
flying fish. One distinguishing feature is its blunt snout. It displays countershading. One average, P. brachypterus measure 110-130 mm in length. Females
Sailfin_flying_fish
Family of insects
in the final instar. Many are cryptic greens and browns, and have countershading patterns to conceal them. Others are more conspicuously colored, typically
Sphingidae
Species of fish
torpedo-like body, dark blue or black above and silvery-white below (countershading), with an average length of 2.9 m (9.5 ft), a maximum length of 4.2 m
Striped_marlin
Species of shark
the gestation period. Both sexes are greyish brown in color and are countershaded. Males are identified by a pair of pelvic fins modified as sperm-transfer
Spiny_dogfish
Hair that covers a dogs body
often display the remnants of countershading, a common natural camouflage pattern. The basic principle of countershading is when the animal is lit from
Dog_coat
Species of penguin
penguin's black back and white underside provide camouflage in the form of countershading when viewed from above or below, helping to avoid detection by its predators
Chinstrap_penguin
Groups of organisms living deep below the sea surface, sharing a habitat
sea, red effectively functions the same as black. Migratory forms use countershaded silvery colours. On their bellies, they often display photophores producing
Deep-sea_community
1854 sculpture series in Crystal Palace Park, London, United Kingdom
Iguanodon models in 1995, before restoration, showing previous countershaded paint scheme with white undersides
Crystal_Palace_Dinosaurs
Additional Voices Seven Knights Facebook Mighty No. 9 Mighty No. 8 Countershade Batman: The Telltale Series Lady Arkham (Masked), Blockbuster Deus
List of Steve Blum performances
List_of_Steve_Blum_performances
Extinct family of armored dinosaurs
remains of the underlying skin, which indicate reddish pigments in a countershading pattern. The family Nodosauridae was erected by Othniel Charles Marsh
Nodosauridae
Species of bird
the Animal Kingdom that animals were concealed by a combination of countershading and disruptive coloration, which together "obliterated" their self-shadowing
Eurasian_bittern
Species of fish
light green, brown, and also not uniform in color. They tend to use countershading to blend in with the bottom of their environments in order to hide from
Smooth_butterfly_ray
Small, shrimp-like crustaceans; order of crustaceans
Lindsay; M. I. Latz (1999). Experimental evidence for luminescent countershading by some euphausiid crustaceans. American Society of Limnology and Oceanography
Krill
Species of mammal
but the location may be variable. Females are a lighter gray and have countershading. Both sexes reach 5.3 metres (17 feet) in length. They are around 2–2
Ginkgo-toothed_beaked_whale
Sense found in most species of fish
camouflage, is by countershading in the case of epipelagic fish and by counter-illumination in the case of mesopelagic fish. Countershading is achieved by
Vision_in_fish
Species of cartilaginous fish
green with blue spots with a light white underbelly, also known as countershading. Their snouts are very short and broadly angular along with an angular
Kuhl's_maskray
Species of fish
difficult to see from above, which protects them from predatory birds. The countershading on their ventral surfaces likewise makes it difficult for larger predatory
Chub_mackerel
Extinct genus of dinosaurs
suggests that it might have had a reddish-brown coloration in life, with a countershaded pattern that was used for camouflage. Borealopelta was classified by
Borealopelta
Species of requiem shark
membranes. The species is grey-bronze dorsally and white ventrally, being countershaded. As its name suggests, most of its fins (dorsal, pectoral, pelvic and
Oceanic_whitetip_shark
Species of bird
African penguin's colouring is a form of protective colouration known as countershading. The white undersides of the birds are difficult to spot by predators
African_penguin
Extinct flightless seabird from the North Atlantic
known for their close resemblance to penguins, their webbed feet and countershading are a result of convergent evolution in the water. During winter the
Great_auk
Species of cephalopod also known as the sparkling enope squid
1016/S0165-7836(01)00233-8. Young, R.E.; Roper, C.F. (1976). "Bioluminescent countershading in midwater animals: evidence from living squid". Science. 191 (4231):
Firefly_squid
Camouflage pattern
object. Like most disruptive camouflage, the pattern is dependent on countershading, utilising hues with high-intensity contrast or noticeable differences
Rhodesian_Brushstroke
Defensive feature of prey for selective advantage
resemblance to surroundings, disruptive coloration, shadow elimination by countershading or counter-illumination, self-decoration, cryptic behavior, or changeable
Anti-predator_adaptation
Camouflage changing continually to match background
Retrieved 9 January 2017. Young, R.E.; Roper, C.F. (1976). "Bioluminescent countershading in midwater animals: evidence from living squid". Science. 191 (4231):
Active_camouflage
Species of octopus
almost colorless, back and a dark purple inner mantle. This reverse countershading acts as a camouflage from predators, while the cephalopod feeds on bioluminescent
Microeledone_galapagensis
Fish in the pelagic zone of ocean waters
plankton. Most epipelagic predator fish and their smaller prey fish are countershaded with silvery colours that reduce visibility by scattering incoming light
Pelagic_fish
Genus of dolphin
the back from the rostrum to behind the dorsal fin. This is called countershading and is a form of camouflage. Older dolphins sometimes have a few spots
Bottlenose_dolphin
Species of squirrel native to North America
to the brownish-orange underside of the fox squirrel; both exhibit countershading. It has a large bushy tail. Particularly in urban situations where the
Eastern_gray_squirrel
Family of fruit bats
uniform color, other patterns are seen in this family. These include countershading in four percent of species, a neck band or mantle in five percent of
Megabat
Species of fish
back, it displays 12 oblique stripes and a dark blue coloration for countershading. It can reach a maximum length of 1.1 metres (3.6 ft) and a weight up
Euthynnus_affinis
1940 textbook on camouflage, mimicry and aposematism by Hugh Cott
concealment, covers the methods of camouflage, which are colour resemblance, countershading, disruptive coloration, and shadow elimination. The effectiveness of
Adaptive Coloration in Animals
Adaptive_Coloration_in_Animals
Suborder of fishes
C.F.E. Roper. 1977. Intensity regulation of bioluminescence during countershading in living midwater animals. U.S. Fishery Bulletin, 75(2):239–252. Uwate
Ceratioidei
Extinct genus of flightless, aquatic birds
Retrieved 2007-AUG-23. Reconstruction in life. Color is based on reasonable assumption of countershading. Retrieved 2007-AUG-23. Paleontology portal
Baptornis
Species of rodent
which is medium to dark brown or black, with the belly a bit lighter (countershaded); as the animal ages, it turns partly gray. The fur has two layers,
Muskrat
Species of fish
viridensis is dark above and silvery below (this is an example of countershading), while juveniles are dark yellow or greenish in colour. S. viridensis
Sphyraena_viridensis
Family of fishes
organ located ventrally along their stomachs which likely helps in countershading against downwelling light, camouflaging their silhouettes to would be
Barracudina
English zoologist and camouflage expert (1900–1987)
British army to use more effective camouflage techniques, including countershading. For example, in August 1940, with the Battle of Britain imminent, he
Hugh_B._Cott
COUNTERSHADING
COUNTERSHADING
COUNTERSHADING
COUNTERSHADING
Girl/Female
English, Indian, Sanskrit
Truth
Girl/Female
Russian
From Lydia.
Female
Egyptian
, the mother of Ankhsnef.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Comfort; Relief
Boy/Male
Tamil
Abbhinav | அபà¯à®ªà¯€à®¨à®¾à®µ
New, Novel, Innovative
Girl/Female
Tamil
Smirti | ஸà¯à®®à¯€à®°à¯à®¤à¯€
Recollection
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Winning
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Joyous Person
Male
Chinese
persevering.
Boy/Male
Sikh
King of the universe, Lord of the world or the creation, The Lord provider of the world
COUNTERSHADING
COUNTERSHADING
COUNTERSHADING
COUNTERSHADING
COUNTERSHADING