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Constructive treason is the judicial extension of the statutory definition of the crime of treason. For example, the English Treason Act 1351 declares
Constructive_treason
Crime of betraying one's country
Elizabethan age courts had shed the restrictions of statutory treason in favor of constructive treason applied as a form of political control. Edward Coke decides
Treason
Offence under British law
an act. (See constructive treason.) After the passage of the Treason Act 1351, several other offences were deemed to comprise high treason by act of Parliament
High treason in the United Kingdom
High_treason_in_the_United_Kingdom
Medieval punishment for high treason
extend that scope whenever required, a process more commonly known as constructive treason. It also applied to subjects overseas in British colonies in the
Hanged,_drawn_and_quartered
Treason trial in 18th century
Gordon's actions were only crimes under the illegally extended law of constructive treason, led to the jury finding him not guilty. This result, which met with
Trial_of_Lord_George_Gordon
People executed during the Tudor era in England
Commons, and President of King's Council under Henry VII. Executed for constructive treason. Sir Richard Empson Speaker of the House of Commons and knight of
List of people executed by the Tudors
List_of_people_executed_by_the_Tudors
English administrator (died 1510)
April 1509, Dudley was imprisoned, and charged with the crime of constructive treason. Dudley's nominal crime was that during the last illness of Henry
Edmund_Dudley
English philosopher and novelist (1756–1836)
in which he forcefully argued that the prosecution's concept of "constructive treason" allowed a judge to construe any behaviour as treasonous. It paved
William_Godwin
Crime of conspiring against the state
to activities that threatened the social order but fell short of constructive treason. Enforcement of both types of offence under the Tudors and Stuarts
Seditious_conspiracy
colonial authorities arrested Jordan, the editor, and charged him with constructive treason. However, Jordan was eventually acquitted, and he eventually became
History_of_journalism
British politician
acquittal but also dealt a blow to the English legal doctrine of constructive treason. The case established Erskine as the country's most successful barrister
Thomas Erskine, 1st Baron Erskine
Thomas_Erskine,_1st_Baron_Erskine
colonial authorities arrested Jordan, the editor, and charged him with constructive treason. However, Jordan was eventually acquitted, and became Mayor of Kingston
History of Jamaican newspapers
History_of_Jamaican_newspapers
Act of the Parliament of England
it be demonstrated by some open, or overt, act." Samuel Rezneck, "Constructive Treason by Words in the Fifteenth Century", American Historical Review 33
Treason_Act_1397
English nobleman
Dudley—by then imprisoned in the Tower of London on charges of constructive treason—petitioned Henry VIII over what he believed were grave injustices
Henry Clifford, 10th Baron Clifford
Henry_Clifford,_10th_Baron_Clifford
English politician (died 1510)
King, Henry VIII, he was charged, like Dudley, with the crime of constructive treason, and was convicted at Northampton in October 1509. His attainder
Richard_Empson
the Piscattaway. These charges were well within the scope of a "constructive treason" under the statute of 25 Edward III, but the lower house did not
Impeachment_in_Maryland
child. 17 August – Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley executed for "constructive treason". 1511 1 January – Catherine of Aragon gives birth to Henry VIII's
1510s_in_England
1956 trial in South Africa
The Treason Trial was a trial in Johannesburg in which 156 people, including Nelson Mandela, were arrested in a raid and accused of treason in South Africa
1956_Treason_Trial
UK law, modifying offence of murder
common law offence of murder in English law by abolishing the doctrine of constructive malice (except in limited circumstances), reforming the partial defence
Homicide_Act_1957
English peer (1467–1543)
Coronation of King Henry VIII. During their indictment and conviction for Constructive treason Dudley and Empson were held in the Tower of London, where Dudley
Andrew Windsor, 1st Baron Windsor
Andrew_Windsor,_1st_Baron_Windsor
Fifteenth century Lord Mayor of London
Justices, Sir Robert Rede and others, hearing Dudley's indictment for Constructive treason at the London Guildhall, and was present at the arraignment. The
Stephen_Jenyns
British anti-revolutionary actions
The 1794 Treason Trials, arranged by the administration of Prime Minister William Pitt, were intended to cripple the British radical movement of the 1790s
1794_Treason_Trials
English politician and judge (1569–1635)
In the same year he took part in the careful review of the law of constructive treason This arose from the case of Hugh Pine who was charged with that crime
Thomas_Richardson_(judge)
Legal doctrine in some common-law jurisdictions
justice. In some jurisdictions, the common law felony murder (called constructive murder) rule has been abolished, but has been replaced by a similar statutory
Felony_murder_rule
German socialist politician (1871–1919)
Court of Justice did not accept when Liebknecht was brought to trial for treason. He characterized the spirit of militarism with a reference to a remark
Karl_Liebknecht
South African activist (1939–2020)
He was one of the defendants in the Delmas Treason Trial and in November 1988 was convicted of treason for his political activity. He served one year
Tom_Manthata
1985–1988 trial of anti-apartheid activists
The Delmas Treason Trial was heard in the Supreme Court of South Africa from 16 October 1985 to 18 November 1988. In one of the lengthiest political trials
Delmas_Treason_Trial
Homicide criminal charge less culpable than murder
other factors. Constructive manslaughter is also referred to as "unlawful act" manslaughter. It is based on the doctrine of constructive malice, whereby
Manslaughter
Financial support for anti-apartheid activists
created by John Collins during the 1956 Treason Trial in South Africa. After learning of those accused of treason for protesting against apartheid, including
International Defence and Aid Fund
International_Defence_and_Aid_Fund
Political party in the United Kingdom
Victorian morality History Cavalier Stuart Restoration Tories Jacobitism 1794 Treason Trials Old Whigs Corn Laws Oxford Movement Young England Neo-Jacobite Revival
Reform_UK
Country in West Asia
Mohammad Khatami, whose government advocated freedom of expression, constructive diplomatic relations with Asia and the EU, and policy that supported
Iran
Swiss-British radio host, television presenter and broadcast journalist
Victorian morality History Cavalier Stuart Restoration Tories Jacobitism 1794 Treason Trials Old Whigs Corn Laws Oxford Movement Young England Neo-Jacobite Revival
Nick_Ferrari
Political ideology
Secretary for Ireland, Salisbury's nephew Arthur Balfour determined upon a constructive course. He pursued reforms intended, as some saw it, to "kill home rule
Unionism_in_Ireland
1968 speech by the British politician Enoch Powell
Victorian morality History Cavalier Stuart Restoration Tories Jacobitism 1794 Treason Trials Old Whigs Corn Laws Oxford Movement Young England Neo-Jacobite Revival
Rivers_of_Blood_speech
British website featuring politics and culture
Victorian morality History Cavalier Stuart Restoration Tories Jacobitism 1794 Treason Trials Old Whigs Corn Laws Oxford Movement Young England Neo-Jacobite Revival
UnHerd
British writer and editor
Victorian morality History Cavalier Stuart Restoration Tories Jacobitism 1794 Treason Trials Old Whigs Corn Laws Oxford Movement Young England Neo-Jacobite Revival
Mary_Harrington
British businessman (born 1945)
Victorian morality History Cavalier Stuart Restoration Tories Jacobitism 1794 Treason Trials Old Whigs Corn Laws Oxford Movement Young England Neo-Jacobite Revival
Anthony_Bamford
Political party in Germany (1918–1933)
wrote "At no time during the Weimar Republic did they make a single constructive contribution to the government of the country". At the same time, there
German National People's Party
German_National_People's_Party
British politician (born 1969)
Related Antidisestablishmentarianism Blue Labour Cambridge Analytica "Constructive conservatism" List of British conservatives Merry England O'Sullivan's
Jacob_Rees-Mogg
British politician, academic and broadcaster (born 1973)
Victorian morality History Cavalier Stuart Restoration Tories Jacobitism 1794 Treason Trials Old Whigs Corn Laws Oxford Movement Young England Neo-Jacobite Revival
Rory_Stewart
Russian anarcho-communist (1886–1937)
1923. "Проблема производства и потребления в социальной революции" [Constructive Problems of the Social Revolution]. Anarkhicheskii Vestnik (2, 3–4):
Peter_Arshinov
1959–1994 British anti-apartheid organisation
Amsterdam, 1988 Campaigns Academic boycott Sporting boycott Disinvestment Constructive engagement Free South Africa Movement International anti-apartheid music
Anti-Apartheid_Movement
Crime, unlawful taking of personal property
property (constructive possession). A person has custody if he has actual physical control of the property, but the person who has constructive possession
Larceny
2017 book by Douglas Murray
Victorian morality History Cavalier Stuart Restoration Tories Jacobitism 1794 Treason Trials Old Whigs Corn Laws Oxford Movement Young England Neo-Jacobite Revival
The_Strange_Death_of_Europe
crimes." The list of capital offenses was expanded in 2023 to include high treason. A 1996 referendum on the issue saw 80.44% of voters support retaining
Capital_punishment_in_Belarus
Scottish historian (born 1964)
July 2008. "The Ascent of Money". PBS.org. PBS. "Uncommon Knowledge: "The Treason of the Intellectuals", With Niall Ferguson | Uncommon Knowledge | Peter
Niall_Ferguson
English journalist and author (born 1951)
Victorian morality History Cavalier Stuart Restoration Tories Jacobitism 1794 Treason Trials Old Whigs Corn Laws Oxford Movement Young England Neo-Jacobite Revival
Peter_Hitchens
British journalist (born 1989)
Victorian morality History Cavalier Stuart Restoration Tories Jacobitism 1794 Treason Trials Old Whigs Corn Laws Oxford Movement Young England Neo-Jacobite Revival
Sebastian_Payne
Legislative charges against a public official
impeachment at the federal level is limited to those who may have committed "Treason, Bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors". Under the United States
Impeachment
British politician (born 1980)
Related Antidisestablishmentarianism Blue Labour Cambridge Analytica "Constructive conservatism" List of British conservatives Merry England O'Sullivan's
Suella_Braverman
Period of political instability and crisis in Peru
actions and supported his call for legislative elections, saying "It's a constructive step that elections have been called in accordance with constitutional
Peruvian political crisis (2016–present)
Peruvian_political_crisis_(2016–present)
British politician (1912–1998)
Victorian morality History Cavalier Stuart Restoration Tories Jacobitism 1794 Treason Trials Old Whigs Corn Laws Oxford Movement Young England Neo-Jacobite Revival
Enoch_Powell
British politician (born 1980)
Related Antidisestablishmentarianism Blue Labour Cambridge Analytica "Constructive conservatism" List of British conservatives Merry England O'Sullivan's
Kemi_Badenoch
American whistleblower (born 1983)
means that Snowden has to relinquish more than $5.2 million earned to a "constructive trust", created to transfer the money to the government. On June 23,
Edward_Snowden
British writer and journalist (1903–1966)
Related Antidisestablishmentarianism Blue Labour Cambridge Analytica "Constructive conservatism" List of British conservatives Merry England O'Sullivan's
Evelyn_Waugh
British politician and broadcaster (born 1964)
Victorian morality History Cavalier Stuart Restoration Tories Jacobitism 1794 Treason Trials Old Whigs Corn Laws Oxford Movement Young England Neo-Jacobite Revival
Nigel_Farage
British politician (born 1974)
Related Antidisestablishmentarianism Blue Labour Cambridge Analytica "Constructive conservatism" List of British conservatives Merry England O'Sullivan's
Danny_Kruger
Quarterly British conservative magazine
Victorian morality History Cavalier Stuart Restoration Tories Jacobitism 1794 Treason Trials Old Whigs Corn Laws Oxford Movement Young England Neo-Jacobite Revival
The_Salisbury_Review
2019 book by Douglas Murray
Victorian morality History Cavalier Stuart Restoration Tories Jacobitism 1794 Treason Trials Old Whigs Corn Laws Oxford Movement Young England Neo-Jacobite Revival
The Madness of Crowds: Gender, Race and Identity
The_Madness_of_Crowds:_Gender,_Race_and_Identity
Dutch humanist (c. 1466–1536)
satisfy no-one but himself". He has been called moderate, judicious and constructive even when being critical or when mocking extremes; but thin-skinned against
Erasmus
Political party in the United Kingdom
Related Antidisestablishmentarianism Blue Labour Cambridge Analytica "Constructive conservatism" List of British conservatives Merry England O'Sullivan's
Workers_Party_of_Britain
Proposed state for Afrikaners of South Africa
Most of its members were arrested in 2003, and are facing charges of treason. Similar violent methods towards Volkstaat creation were employed by the
Volkstaat
Unrecognized state in North America (1861–1865)
alternative policies and to press for the adoption of these policies on a constructive basis. ... But the absence of a two-party system meant the absence of
Confederate_States_of_America
1960 South African Police killing of protestors
Congress Alliance including Nelson Mandela and some still enmeshed in the Treason Trial. Many white South Africans were also horrified by the massacre. The
Sharpeville_massacre
Zulu–Boer War in 1838, the battle of the Great Trek
Mpande’s personal protector, was strangled to death by Dingane for high treason. The trekkers—called Voortrekkers after 1880—chose to retaliate after the
Battle_of_Blood_River
mechanics of possible solutions," and thanked the American delegation for "constructive cooperation". A source close to the Russian delegation reported that
Peace negotiations in the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)
Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)
Chhatrapati of the Marathas from 1681 to 1689
Shankar Narayan Joshi has stated that his approach against famine was very constructive and he provided solutions to many complicated problems. His policies
Sambhaji
Right-wing political advocacy group
Related Antidisestablishmentarianism Blue Labour Cambridge Analytica "Constructive conservatism" List of British conservatives Merry England O'Sullivan's
Turning_Point_UK
British fascist politician (1896–1980)
.[and the other] a deepening sense of crisis opening the way for a 'constructive alternative' to take the place of both liberal capitalism and parliamentary
Oswald_Mosley
Series of anti-government protests
government, she also reminded that ways to convey aspirations should be done constructively, not anarchistically. Mahfud MD claimed that there are so many 'bright'
2025–2026_Indonesian_protests
Far-right South African terrorist organization
during May 2003. Twenty-two men were charged with forty-two counts of treason, murder, and illegal weapons possession. Six pleaded not guilty, two did
Boeremag
Law that regulates corporations formed under the Companies Act 2006
a claim to recover the money from any recipients. They are liable as constructive trustees, which probably mirrors the general principles of any action
British_company_law
1905–1917 Russian centrist political party
Nekrasov argued that the Duma experience had been a failure and that "constructive work" was pointless under an autocratic government. Kadet leaders on
Constitutional Democratic Party
Constitutional_Democratic_Party
2017 book by Roger Scruton
Victorian morality History Cavalier Stuart Restoration Tories Jacobitism 1794 Treason Trials Old Whigs Corn Laws Oxford Movement Young England Neo-Jacobite Revival
Conservatism: An Invitation to the Great Tradition
Conservatism:_An_Invitation_to_the_Great_Tradition
Irish republican, trade unionist and revolutionary (1868–1916)
People (9 April). Connolly, James (1909) [1908]. "Industrial Unionism and Constructive Socialism". Socialism Made Easy. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Co. Connolly
James_Connolly
Federal Republic of Germany (1949–1990)
with the CDU/CSU to elect CDU Chairman Helmut Kohl as Chancellor in a constructive vote of no confidence. Following national elections in March 1983, Kohl
West_Germany
question from MP J. A. Lee. 1941 Guide to the New World; a handbook of Constructive World Revolution H. G. Wells Controller of Censorship Unrestricted works
List of books banned in New Zealand
List_of_books_banned_in_New_Zealand
President of Russia from 1991 to 1999
between the two countries were upgraded from "friendly countries" to a "constructive partnership" in September 1994, and was further upgraded to a "strategic
Boris_Yeltsin
Stores where all goods are free
one-out–type policy (swap shops). Free stores constitute a form of constructive direct action that provides a shopping alternative to a monetary framework
Give-away_shop
Transatlantic think tank based in London
Related Antidisestablishmentarianism Blue Labour Cambridge Analytica "Constructive conservatism" List of British conservatives Merry England O'Sullivan's
Henry_Jackson_Society
Civil penalties following a conviction
Statutory damages Equitable remedies Injunction Specific performance Constructive trust Account of profits Rescission Rectification Subrogation Related
Collateral consequences of criminal conviction
Collateral_consequences_of_criminal_conviction
Russian espionage program in the US uncovered in 2010
of whom had been convicted and imprisoned by Russia for espionage (high treason) on behalf of the US and UK. On October 31, 2011, the FBI publicly released
Illegals_Program
British political advisor (born 1983)
Victorian morality History Cavalier Stuart Restoration Tories Jacobitism 1794 Treason Trials Old Whigs Corn Laws Oxford Movement Young England Neo-Jacobite Revival
Eleanor Shawcross, Baroness Shawcross-Wolfson
Eleanor_Shawcross,_Baroness_Shawcross-Wolfson
French politician (1872–1950)
France and was tried (but never judged) by its government on charges of treason. He was imprisoned in the Buchenwald concentration camp and after the war
Léon_Blum
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1940
Victorian morality History Cavalier Stuart Restoration Tories Jacobitism 1794 Treason Trials Old Whigs Corn Laws Oxford Movement Young England Neo-Jacobite Revival
Neville_Chamberlain
Views and voting record of the British politician
Related Antidisestablishmentarianism Blue Labour Cambridge Analytica "Constructive conservatism" List of British conservatives Merry England O'Sullivan's
Political positions of Nigel Farage
Political_positions_of_Nigel_Farage
British journalist (born 1963)
Victorian morality History Cavalier Stuart Restoration Tories Jacobitism 1794 Treason Trials Old Whigs Corn Laws Oxford Movement Young England Neo-Jacobite Revival
Quentin_Letts
1919 massacre of Indian protesters
the castle, and in February 2023, admitted three counts of treason, the first charge of treason in the UK since 1981. In a televised hearing Mr Justice Hilliard
Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre
Prison camps operated by Communist Vietnam
individuals can be rehabilitated into society through education and socially constructive labor. The Hanoi government defended re-education camps by labeling the
Re-education_camp_(Vietnam)
British political movement
Victorian morality History Cavalier Stuart Restoration Tories Jacobitism 1794 Treason Trials Old Whigs Corn Laws Oxford Movement Young England Neo-Jacobite Revival
Neo-Jacobite_Revival
Director of Popular Conservatism (born 1972)
Victorian morality History Cavalier Stuart Restoration Tories Jacobitism 1794 Treason Trials Old Whigs Corn Laws Oxford Movement Young England Neo-Jacobite Revival
Mark_Littlewood
1753 insurrection in Nova Scotia
"2. The 'Hoffman Rebellion' (1753) and Hoffman's Trial (1754): Constructive High Treason and Seditious Conspiracy in Nova Scotia under the Stratocracy"
Lunenburg_Rebellion
17th episode of the 1st season of Star Trek: The Original Series
I object to intellect without discipline. I object to power without constructive purpose," in response to Trelane. In 2020, ScreenRant ranked it as the
The_Squire_of_Gothos
1816–1897 native state in southern Africa
Bambatha Rebellion. He was arrested and put on trial by the British for "high treason and public violence". In 1909, he was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment
Zulu_Kingdom
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1834–1835; 1841–1846)
Victorian morality History Cavalier Stuart Restoration Tories Jacobitism 1794 Treason Trials Old Whigs Corn Laws Oxford Movement Young England Neo-Jacobite Revival
Robert_Peel
President of Iraq from 1979 to 2003
invasion. For one, Washington had been taking measures to cultivate a constructive relationship with Iraq for roughly a decade. The Reagan administration
Saddam_Hussein
Concept in political science
Equity and Trusts Equitable interest Beneficial ownership Resulting trust Constructive trust Indigenous land rights Aboriginal title Indigenous land rights
Right_of_conquest
Political ideology in Ukraine
originally fought to maintain relevance by working alongside Kuchma as "constructive opposition". Despite this, Kuchma actively worked against the National
National_Democracy_(Ukraine)
Scottish novelist (1771–1832)
Related Antidisestablishmentarianism Blue Labour Cambridge Analytica "Constructive conservatism" List of British conservatives Merry England O'Sullivan's
Walter_Scott
Political aide (born 1981)
Victorian morality History Cavalier Stuart Restoration Tories Jacobitism 1794 Treason Trials Old Whigs Corn Laws Oxford Movement Young England Neo-Jacobite Revival
James Forsyth (political aide)
James_Forsyth_(political_aide)
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