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Pre-Columbian Middle American pictorial manuscript from Central Mexico
The Codex Borgia, also known as the Codex Borgianus, Manuscrit de Veletri and Codex Yohualli Ehecatl, is a pre-Columbian Middle American pictorial manuscript
Codex_Borgia
Aztec deity of darkness and violence
calendar as a whole is suggested by his depiction in texts such as the Codex Borgia and Codex Fejéváry-Mayer, where Tezcatlipoca is surrounded by day signs, implying
Tezcatlipoca
these deities are sourced from Codexes (such as the Florentine Codex (Bernardino de Sahagún), the Codex Borgia (Stefano Borgia), and the informants). They
List of Aztec gods and supernatural beings
List_of_Aztec_gods_and_supernatural_beings
Aztec goddess of water, seas, oceans, rivers, lakes, streams, rain, storms, and baptism
Pre-Columbian Codex Borgia (plates 11 and 65), the 16th century Codex Borbonicus (page 5), the 16th century Codex Ríos (page 17), and the Florentine Codex (plate
Chalchiuhtlicue
Group of religious pre-Columbian documents from central Mexico
members of the Borgia Group are: The Codex Borgia, after which the group is named. The codex is itself named after Cardinal Stefano Borgia, who owned it
Borgia_Group
Aztec god of fire and lightning
Heaven and Earth in Ancient Mexico: Astronomy and Seasonal Cycles in the Codex Borgia. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-74373-1. Neumann, Franke J
Xolotl
Aztec Codex of central Mexico
As a typical calendar codex tonalamatl dealing with the sacred Aztec calendar – the tonalpohualli – it is placed in the Borgia Group. It is a divinatory
Codex_Fejérváry-Mayer
Central deity in Aztec religion
Ōmetēcuhtli. His consort was Tonacacihuatl. Tonacateuchtli is depicted in the Codex Borgia. The god's name is a compound of two Nahuatl words: tōnacā and tēcuhtli
Tōnacātēcuhtli
Manuscripts painted by pre-Columbian and colonial Aztec
Maguey, Codex Boturini and the Codex Borgia; and a later one, which would comprise Codex Mendoza, Codex Telleriano-Remensis, Codex Osuna, Codex Mexicanus
Aztec_codex
Pre-Columbian Middle American manuscript
calendrical content. It is a member of the Borgia Group of manuscripts. It is currently housed at the Vatican Library. Codex Vaticanus B is a screenfold book made
Codex_Vaticanus_B
Deity in Aztec religion
in order to curse Hernán Cortés's advances into the Aztec Empire. In Codex Borgia, Chantico is depicted as having a yellow face marked with two red lines
Chantico
Ethnic group of central Mexico and its civilization
Aztec "heartland". Karl Anton Nowotny, nevertheless considered that the Codex Borgia, painted in the area around Cholula and using a Mixtec style, was the
Aztecs
Symbol from Aztec mythology
simple flint blade, sharpened with some notches on the edge, in the Codex Borgia it appears red. Tecpatl was associated with Northern cardinal point (Mictlan)
Tecpatl
Aztec god of fire, heat, and time
each meal was flung into the hearth. Xiuhtecuhtli is depicted in the Codex Borgia. Xiuhtecuhtli's face is painted with black and red pigment. Xiuhtecuhtli
Xiuhtecuhtli
Deity in Aztec religion; a god of rain and thunder, fertility, and water
lord of the third sun which was destroyed by fire. On page 28 of the Codex Borgia, the Five Tlaloque are pictured watering maize fields. Each Tláloc is
Tláloc
Aztec deity
deity in the earth and indicate fertility. Another drawing from the Codex Borgia Huaxtec statue of Tlazōlteōtl from Mexico, 900-1450 CE (British Museum
Tlazōlteōtl
Aztec deity
Tonantzin, but was adopted by Piltzintecuhtli and Xōchiquetzal. In the Codex Borgia, Nanāhuātzin is represented as a man emerging from a fire. This was originally
Nanāhuātzin
Concept in 16th-century Aztec/Mexica cosmology
Symbol for Ollin (movement), Codex Borgia (16th century CE)
Nahui_Ollin
Aztec codex
section is unfinished. Aztec calendar Aztec codices Codex Borgia Keber, Eloise Quiñones. "Borbonicus, Codex." In Davíd Carrasco (ed). The Oxford Encyclopedia
Codex_Borbonicus
Rack or palisade that displays human skulls
the Durán Codex, Ramírez Codex, and Codex Borgia. The Codex Mendoza contains multiple depictions of tzompantli. The Frontispiece of the Codex Mendoza depicts
Tzompantli
Aztec deity
fourth trecena Xochitl ("flower" in Nahuatl). Stories derived from the Codex Telleriano-Remensis characterized Huehuecóyotl as a benign prankster, whose
Huēhuecoyōtl
Manuscript that presents traits of the Mesoamerican indigenous pictoric tradition
Tonalamatl, Codex Borbonicus, Codex Borgia, Codex Cospi, Codex Féjérvari-Mayer, Codex Laud and Codex Vaticanus B, the Aubin Manuscript no. 20, Codex Bodley
Mesoamerican_codices
Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican pictorial manuscript
The Codex Cospi (or Codex Bologna) is a pre-Columbian Mesoamerican pictorial manuscript, included in the Borgia Group. It is currently located in the
Codex_Cospi
Pre-Columbian Maya book
The Maya Codex of Mexico (MCM) is a Maya screenfold codex manuscript of a pre-Columbian type. Long known as the Grolier Codex or Sáenz Codex, in 2018
Maya_Codex_of_Mexico
Aztec dual deity
reproduce all creation. Multiple Nahuatl sources, notably the Florentine Codex, name the highest level of heaven Ōmeyōcān or "place of duality" (Sahagún
Ōmeteōtl
association with fire in two codices of the Borgia Group from central Mexico during the Aztec period (Codex Borgia and Codex Vaticanus B). The mirrors are placed
Mirrors in Mesoamerican culture
Mirrors_in_Mesoamerican_culture
Axe
was used by the god Tepoztécatl, god of fermentation and fertility. In Codex Borgia he is represented with a bronze axe. The tepoztli was a weapon used by
Tlaximaltepoztli
Aztec mythological serpent
closely identified with fire and solar heat. Page 46 of the pre-Columbian Codex Borgia depicts four smoking Xiuhcoatl serpents arranged around a burning turquoise
Xiuhcōātl
Aztec god of the dead
symbolise the dichotomy of light and darkness.[citation needed] In the Colonial Codex Vaticanus 3738, Mictlantecuhtli is labelled in Spanish as "the lord of the
Mictlāntēcutli
Central deity in Aztec religion
the deity began acquiring human features, such as the beard (see the Borgia codex illustration below) that he was sometimes depicted with. In the iconography
Quetzalcōātl
Aztec war and solar deity
chased them through the sky. Human sacrifice as shown in the Codex Magliabechiano Codex Tudela The most important and powerful structure in Tenochtitlan
Huītzilōpōchtli
Female celestial deities
Depiction of Itzpapalotl, Queen of the Tzitzimimeh, from the Codex Borgia.
Tzitzimitl
Aztec gods and goddesses
Black Tezcatlipoca (bottom), god of providence in the Codex Borgia.
Aztec_creator_gods
Mesoamerican manuscript
former owner William Laud. It is part of the Borgia Group and housed at the Bodleian Library, Oxford. The codex is an animal hide pictorial manuscript consisting
Codex_Laud
Gods within the Aztec religion
Fifth Sun in the Aztec creation narrative. Motolinía's Memoriales, and the Codex Chimalpopoca relate that the Toltec ruler Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl became
Tlāhuizcalpantecuhtli
Mythical place
thus separated sometimes bear striping in opposite directions (as, in Codex Borgia 44) such that "their diagonal position ... indicates the internal helicoidal
Tamoanchan
Catholic cardinal (1731 – 1804)
Stefano Borgia (3 December 1731 – 1804) was an Italian Cardinal, theologian, antiquarian, and historian. Cardinal Borgia belonged to a well-known family
Stefano_Borgia
Aztec goddess of the maguey plant
modern United States and Mexico. The depictions of Mayahuel in the Codex Borgia and the Codex Borbonicus show the deity perched upon a maguey plant. The deity's
Mayahuel
God of maize in Aztec mythology
the cob" and teōtl [ˈteoːt͡ɬ] means "deity". According to the Florentine Codex, Centeōtl is the son of the earth goddess Tlazōlteōtl and solar deity Piltzintecuhtli
Centeōtl
Religion used in the Aztec Empire
worldview is best described in the myth of the five suns recorded in the Codex Chimalpopoca, which recounts how Quetzalcoatl stole the bones of the previous
Aztec_religion
Aztec goddess
Tamoanchan Queen of the Tzitzimimeh Goddess of War and Death Depiction of Itzpapalotl from the Codex Borgia Gender Female Region Mesoamerica Ethnic group Aztec
Ītzpāpālōtl
Anthropomorphized depiction of life's end
Mictlantecutli in the Codex Borgia
Personifications_of_death
Alliance of three Nahua city states in Mexico (1428–1521)
Hudson. pp. 200–202. Berdan, Francis F.; Patricia Rieff Anawalt (1992). The Codex Mendoza Vol. 1. University of California Press. p. 196. Brumfiel, Elizabeth
Aztec_Empire
Creation Legend of the Aztecs
move if not offered enough sacrifices. Classical Nahua texts such as the Codex Chimalpopoca record five successive world-ages, each tied to the calendric
Five_Suns
Aztec deity of the sun and of the cardinal direction of east
Codex Borgia page 71 depicts Tonatiuh (left).
Tōnatiuh
Aztec deity
Mictēcacihuātl Mictēcacihuātl as depicted in the Codex Borgia Gender female
Mictēcacihuātl
Mythical creature from American folklore
ISBN 978-0-8263-1905-0. Marchesi, Robin (2009-05-10). "Esoteric Hares". Codex Borgia. pp. 8, 33. Archived from the original on 2015-07-27. Retrieved 2015-02-02
Jackalope
Central deity in Aztec religion
Xipe Totec as depicted in the Codex Borgia
Xipe_Totec
Aztec deity
Xōchiquetzal as depicted in the Codex Borgia. Other names Xochiquetzalli, Xochitl, Macuixochiquetzalli Abode Tamoanchan (Codex Ríos) Gender Female Region Mesoamerica
Xōchiquetzal
Aztec Deity
depicted as a personified knife. Codex Borgia Codex Vaticanus B Tonalamatl Aubin Codex Borbonicus Codex Telleriano-Remensis Codex Ríos Itztli Xipe Totec Quiñones
Itztapaltotec
Aztec deity
embraces As a mother who uses the sun as a shield Chicomecōātl, as depicted in Codex Magliabechiano Relief with Maize Goddess (Chicomecóatl), Stone, Aztec. Maize
Chicomecōātl
Famous was also her fierce resistance to the Siege of Forlì by Cesare Borgia who finally was able to capture her dressed in armor and a sword in hand
List of women warriors in folklore
List_of_women_warriors_in_folklore
Aztec divinatory almanac
future. The best surviving examples of tonalamatl are the Codex Borbonicus and the Codex Borgia. Aztec calendar León-Portilla (1963) 116-20. Elżbieta.,
Tonalamatl
Polity in pre-Columbian Mexico
along the room's north wall). The painted frieze closely resembles the Codex Borgia in style. The bench features a series of alternating skulls, human hearts
Ocotelolco
Aztec moon deity
Metztli Moon deity Metztli as depicted in the Codex Borgia Symbol Moon, rabbit Region Mesoamerica Ethnic group Aztec
Metztli
Ancient game
balls and rubber as tribute from the lowland areas where it was grown. The Codex Mendoza gives a figure of 16,000 lumps of raw rubber being imported to Tenochtitlan
Mesoamerican_ballgame
Underworld of Aztec mythology
Mictlampa, the Northern hemisphere of Mictlan according to the Codex Borgia.
Mictlān
Deity in Aztec myth
name of Ehecacone, son of the wind. Tepoztēcatl appears in the Mendoza Codex carrying a copper axe. El Tepozteco, in the Mexican state of Morelos, is
Tepoztēcatl
Aztec deity
uncles who had killed [his] father were Apanecatl, Zolton, and Cuilton." The Codex Mendieta gives Mixcoatl six giant children, counted among the Quinametzin:
Mixcoatl
Serpent sculptures made by Aztecs
harvest. While rattle-sticks were only used in ceremonies, a frame of the Codex Borgia plate 9 depicts a man and woman beneath a blanket with a chicahuaztli
Serpents_in_Aztec_art
Set of nine gods in Mesoamerican mythology
Deities are known because their names are glossed in the Codex Telleriano-Remensis and Codex Tudela. Seler argued that the 9 lords each corresponded to
Lords_of_the_Night
Divine beings associated with death
Mictēcacihuātl as depicted in the Codex Borgia
List_of_death_deities
Balls used in Mesoamerican ball games
In this detail from the late 15th century Codex Borgia, the Aztec god Xiuhtecuhtli brings a rubber ball offering to a temple. The rubber balls each hold
Mesoamerican_rubber_balls
Character of Aztec mythology
Page 30 of the Codex Borgia.
Coxcox
Aztec god of astrology
Tamoanchan are not gendered with the exception of Oxomoco who was female. In the Codex Borbonicus, Oxomoc, like Cipactonal, usually wears the tobacco gourd of
Cipactonal
Aztec goddess
century Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagún wrote in his Florentine Codex that Indians traveled to Tepeyac to worship Tonantzin. In her book Goddesses
Tonantzin
Supernatural being
Quetzalcoatl in the Codex Borgia
Deity
Aztec god
Itztlacoliuhqui in the Codex Borgia
Itztlacoliuhqui
Literature written or related to Mexico
disagreement, it is commonly accepted that the central section of the Codex Borgia contains a narrative related to the creation of the universe, although
Mexican_literature
Archeological site
added. The five trees are comparable to the directional trees of the Codex Borgia and to those mentioned in the Book of Chilam Balam of Chumayel; the associated
San_Bartolo_(Maya_site)
Aztec mythology belief
Quetzalcoatl. Citlalicue, goddess of the female stars (Milky Way). The Codex Borgia associates a series of birds with each of the gods: Huiztilin (humming-bird)
Lords_of_the_Day
Library of the Holy See in Vatican City
falconry in the format of a two-column parchment codex of 111 folios written in the 1240s Codex Borgia, an extensive Mesoamerican manuscript that depicts
Vatican_Library
Aztec Deity
Piltzintecuhtli A drawing of Piltzintecuhtli, one of the deities described in the Codex Borgia Gender male
Piltzintecuhtli
Aztec Deity
A drawing of Yacatecuhtli in the Codex Borgia
Yacatecuhtli
Aztec god of disease and plague
Chalchiuhtotolin disease and plague. Codex Borgia Gender male
Chalchiuhtotolin
Aztec jaguar god
Tepēyōllōtl the Eighth Hour of the Night Tepeyollotl, Codex Borgia. Gender male
Tepēyōllōtl
Day of the Aztec calendar on which an annual festival was held for the god Tezcatlipoca
feast of Toxcatl are described by Bernardino de Sahagún in the Florentine Codex, in Fray Duráns description of the gods and rites, and in the chronicle
Tōxcatl
Important city of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica
Albaitero (March 1997). "Biconical God Figurines from Cholula and the Codex Borgia". Latin American Antiquity. 8 (1): 65. doi:10.2307/971593. JSTOR 971593
Cholula_(Mesoamerican_site)
Mountain and archaeological site in Ixtapaluca and Texcoco, Mexico
tetzacualo, or courtyard. The center rock is thought to be analogous to the Codex Borgia which depicts Tláloc standing in the center of his four rain forms (which
Cerro_Tláloc
p. 70. Eberl 2013, p. 465. Eberl 2013, p. 470. Eberl 2013, p. 469. "Codex Borgia". digi.vatlib.it. Retrieved 2018-11-02. de Sahagún 1969, p. 179. Dehouve
Women_in_Aztec_civilization
German ethnologist (1920–2007)
direction. In 1958 he received his doctorate in Hamburg with the thesis "The Codex Borgia; studies the iconography of a Mexican picture manuscript in the Vatican
Bodo_Spranz
best-known Nahua documents made with amate paper are the Codex Fejérváry-Mayer and the Codex Borgia. The existence of logograms (Aztec script) has been documented
History_of_Nahuatl
American anthropologist and archeologist
Mexicana de Antropologia. 1967: (Co-Author with Richard S. MacNeish) "Codex Borgia and the Venta Salada Phase", Chapter 7, Volume I, "Environment and Resources"
Robert_E._Lee_Chadwick
Group of five Aztec gods
Macuiltonaleque, Codex Borgia.
Ahuiateteo
School of philosophy that developed out of Aztec culture
include the Codex Borgia and the Codex Borbonicus (written about the time of conquest). Post-conquest texts include the Florentine Codex, Codex Mendoza and
Aztec_philosophy
this group include Codex Zouche-Nuttall; Codex Vindobonensis Mexicanus I; Codex Selden; Codex Bodley; and Codex Colombino. The Borgia group are believed
Conservation and restoration of Mesoamerican codices
Conservation_and_restoration_of_Mesoamerican_codices
Aztec god of healing, fertility, and pulque
and fertility Member of the Nauhtzonteteo Patecatl as depicted in the Codex Borgia Abode the volcano Popocatépetl Gender Male Region Mesoamerica Ethnic
Patecatl
Colonial Mesoamerican pictorial manuscript
vellum screenfold. It is sometimes included in the Borgia Group. Doesburg, Bas van (2001). "The Codex Porfirio Díaz and the Map of Tutepetongo: The Curious
Codex_Porfirio_Díaz
plan of Imola created in 1502 in order to win the patronage of Cesare Borgia. Borgia was so impressed that he hired him as a military engineer and architect
Science and inventions of Leonardo da Vinci
Science_and_inventions_of_Leonardo_da_Vinci
722–729). Painting from a Dresden Codex. A Mixtec painting from the Codex Zouche-Nuttall. An Aztec painting from the Codex Borgia, represent a Mictlantecuhtli
History_of_painting
2010 Ubisoft video game
the powerful Borgia family) to Rome, where he attempts to rebuild the Assassin Brotherhood in Italy and liberate the city from the Borgias' control. Brotherhood
Assassin's_Creed:_Brotherhood
Wheel Codex Bodley Codex Borbonicus Codex Borgia Codex Boturini Mapas de Cuauhtinchan 1-4 Codex Chimalpahin Codex Chimalpopoca Codex Colombino Codex Cospi
Yolteotl
Cultural area in present-day Mexican state of Veracruz
the much later Aztec cihuateteo ('female gods') also known from the Codex Borgia. Otherwise similar ceramic statues of earth goddesses, however, standing
Classic_Veracruz_culture
Art of the Pre-Columbian civilizations
Serpent labret with articulated tongue, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art Codex Borgia page 56, showing to Mictlāntēcutli and Quetzalcoatl Feather headdress
Pre-Columbian_art
and darkness beneath his feet, representing the setting sun. In the Borgia Codex Tlalchitonatiuh was represented as Tlalchitecuhtli devouring the solar
Tlālchitōnatiuh
Aztec god of the south wind
Huitztlampaehecatl God of the South Wind A page of the Codex Borgia Genealogy Siblings Cihuatecayotl, Tlalocayotl, and Mictlanpachecatl
Huitztlampaehecatl
Sixth month of the Aztec calendar
Heaven and Earth in Ancient Mexico: Astronomy and Seasonal Cycles in the Codex Borgia. University of Texas Press. pp. 29–. ISBN 978-0-292-74373-1. Retrieved
Etzalcualiztli
Mexican artist (born 1963)
society. Fabric banners were reminiscent of pre-Hispanic codices like the Codex Borgia. Arrays of sugar skulls recall Mesoamerican skull racks or Tzompantli
Betsabeé_Romero
Bridge design
Leonardo da Vinci was under the patronage of Cesare Borgia, and its plans are found in the Codex Atlanticus (folios 69 AR and 71 V). The sketch of the
Da Vinci's self supporting bridge
Da_Vinci's_self_supporting_bridge
Name of an Aztec festival and month
Heaven and Earth in Ancient Mexico: Astronomy and Seasonal Cycles in the Codex Borgia. University of Texas Press. pp. 21–. ISBN 978-0-292-74373-1. Retrieved
Tozoztontli
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