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Basic operation in mathematical morphology
In mathematical morphology, the closing of a set (binary image) A by a structuring element B is the erosion of the dilation of that set, A ∙ B = ( A ⊕
Closing_(morphology)
Theory and technique for handling geometrical structures
} The morphological opening and closing are particular cases of algebraic opening (or simply opening) and algebraic closing (or simply closing). Algebraic
Mathematical_morphology
Topics referred to by the same term
transaction Closing (sales), the process of making a sale Closing a business, the process by which an organization ceases operations Closing (morphology), in
Closing
Operation in mathematical morphology
(\varnothing )=\varnothing .} Buffer (GIS) Closing (morphology) Erosion (morphology) Mathematical morphology Opening (morphology) Minkowski addition Parallel curve
Dilation_(morphology)
Study of external forms and structures of organisms
In biology, morphology is the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features. This includes aspects of the outward
Morphology_(biology)
Dilation of the erosion of a set A by a structuring element B
respectively. Together with closing, the opening serves in computer vision and image processing as a basic workhorse of morphological noise removal. Opening
Opening_(morphology)
Genus of fishes
Myanmar. Populations of Southeast Asian countries is in debate, due to close morphological similarities among Mystus species in that region. It grows to a length
Mystus_vittatus
Index of articles associated with the same name
Welsh morphology is the study of the internal structure of the words of the Welsh language and their systematic relationship within the language. This
Welsh_morphology
Basic operation in mathematical morphology
operations (the other being dilation) in morphological image processing from which all other morphological operations are based. It was originally defined
Erosion_(morphology)
Study of the structure of plants
Plant morphology or phytomorphology is the study of the physical form and external structure of plants. This is usually considered distinct from plant
Plant_morphology
Southeast Asia, is an analytic (and isolating) language. Vietnamese lacks morphological markings of case, gender, number, and tense (and, as a result, has no
Vietnamese_morphology
Difference between the dilation and the erosion of a given image
In mathematical morphology and digital image processing, a morphological gradient is the difference between the dilation and the erosion of a given image
Morphological_gradient
Way of classifying the world's languages
Morphological typology is a way of classifying the languages of the world that groups languages according to their common morphological structures. The
Morphological_typology
Description of the physical form of insects
Insect morphology is the study and description of the physical form of insects. The terminology used to describe insects is similar to that used for other
Insect_morphology
Genus of liverworts
was formerly described as monotypic, as each member possesses a close morphological resemblance, but phytochemical and molecular evidence now supports
Hymenophyton
Theoretical framework in linguistics
Distributed Morphology is a theoretical framework introduced in 1993 by Morris Halle and Alec Marantz. The central claim of Distributed Morphology is that
Distributed_morphology
Operation that extracts small elements and details from given images
In mathematical morphology and digital image processing, a top-hat transform is an operation that extracts small elements and details from given images
Top-hat_transform
Possible stem-group Rhodophyte
fountains" made up of variably-sized cells. Ramathallus shares a close morphological similarity with the Ediacaran genera made up of pseudoparenchymatous
Ramathallus
Genus of flowering plants
Hainan), Southeast Asia, and Malesia to New Guinea. It is very close morphologically and genetically to Loxonia. Currently accepted species include:
Stauranthera
Extinct genus of fishes
it may belong to the recently-split Cebidichthyidae, due to its close morphological similarities to Cebidichthys. Mikhail Valerievich Nazarkin (1998)
Nivchia
Parts of plant enabling sexual reproduction
Plant reproductive morphology is the study of the physical form and structure (the morphology) of those parts of plants directly or indirectly concerned
Plant_reproductive_morphology
Extinct subfamily of marsupials
extinct subfamily that allies fossil species of marsupials, showing close morphological features found in the modern potoroines, the bettongs and potoroos
Bulungamayinae
The following terms are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (that is, the leaf blade or 'lamina'
Glossary_of_leaf_morphology
Medieval sword discovered in England
some importance for the absolute chronology of the development of sword morphology in medieval Europe. In 1964, Oakeshott stated that while both swords were
Cawood_sword
Family of extinct artiodactyls closely related to cetaceans
despite all being basal families of artiodactyls, Raoellidae was not close morphologically to Dichobunidae or Helohyidae. In 1987, Thewissen, Gingerich, and
Raoellidae
Extinct genus of fishes
Serratocentrus. It is generally considered a stem-holocentrid, due to having close morphological similarities to modern holocentrid fish while lacking the characteristics
Alloberyx
Species of cactus
palatable. This species, of genus Opuntia and subgenus Opuntia, show close morphological similarity to Opuntia chlorotica, O. santa-rita, and O. gosseliniana
Opuntia_setispina
External features of butterflies and moths
The external morphology of Lepidoptera is the physiological structure of the bodies of insects belonging to the order Lepidoptera, also known as butterflies
External morphology of Lepidoptera
External_morphology_of_Lepidoptera
Basic elements of language
Morphemes can also be joined to create other words in a process of morphological derivation. In English and many other languages, the morphemes that
Word
Prehistoric inhabitants in Japan
to a hunter-gatherer lifestyle and to an extent, colder climates. Close morphological similarities also exist between the Jōmon people and the ~33,000
Jōmon_people
Genus of marine worms
a genus of chaetognaths in the family Spadellidae. The genus shares morphological similarities to Eukrohniidae and Spadellidae, although it is molecularly
Bathyspadella
Physical features of insect order Diptera
Dipteran morphology differs in some significant ways from the broader morphology of insects. The Diptera is a very large and diverse order of mostly small
Morphology_of_Diptera
Terms of plant morphology are included here as well as at the more specific Glossary of plant morphology and Glossary of leaf morphology. For other related
Glossary_of_botanical_terms
Language with a very low morpheme per word ratio
a type of language with a morpheme per word ratio close to one, and with no inflectional morphology whatsoever. In the extreme case, each word contains
Isolating_language
Basic unit of taxonomic classification, below genus
Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour, or ecological niche. In addition, palaeontologists use the
Species
Process of word formation, by alteration to express grammatical categories
In linguistic morphology, inflection (less commonly, inflexion) is a process of word formation in which a word is modified to express different grammatical
Inflection
Ancestor of the Indo-European languages
various groups diverged, as each dialect underwent shifts in pronunciation, morphology, and vocabulary. Over many centuries, these dialects transformed into
Proto-Indo-European_language
Family of sharks
Carcharias was also classified with this group, due to its very close morphological similarities. However, mitochondrial DNA analysis has found it to
Sand_shark
Extinct genus of fish
Late Miocene epoch. As its name suggests, it convergently evolved a close morphology to seahorses (genus Hippocampus), with a developed trunk region and
Hipposyngnathus
Mathematician and civil engineer
the concepts of erosion, dilation, opening and closing, which became known later as the basic morphological operators. He also developed a tool for granulometry
Georges_Matheron
Late Pleistocene canine
suggesting them to be the ancestors of the domestic dog or an extinct, morphologically and genetically divergent wolf population. Confirmed domestic dogs
Paleolithic_dog
Group of closely related similar organisms
the species were separated for a long time period without evolving morphological differences. Hybrid speciation can be a component in the evolution of
Species_complex
Genus of fishes
Diplomystes and the cis-Andean Olivaichthys are so closely related (in addition to the close morphological similarity), that Olivaichthys should not be recognized
Diplomystes
Study of the evolution of form within the built environment
Morphology in architecture is the study of the evolution of form within the built environment. Often used in reference to a particular vernacular language
Morphology (architecture and engineering)
Morphology_(architecture_and_engineering)
Species of reptile
genetic analysis, since species are closely morphologically similar and thus poorly separable. Analyses of the morphological comparison showed that A. veronensis
Anguis_veronensis
Species of legume
hairless legume pod which dries to a leathery texture. It is closely morphologically related to Astragalus bicristatus. "Astragalus ertterae, Walker
Astragalus_ertterae
Single-celled alga with a silica cell wall
hypotheca, is slightly smaller than the other half, the epitheca. Diatom morphology varies. Although the shape of the cell is typically circular, some cells
Diatom
Physical structure of a living creature
called morphology. Anatomy is a branch of morphology that deals with the structure of the body at a level higher than tissue. Anatomy is closely related
Body_(biology)
This page provides a glossary of plant morphology. Botanists and other biologists who study plant morphology use a number of different terms to classify
Glossary_of_plant_morphology
Species of horsehair worm
their host, especially the praying mantis. Chordodes formosanus is morphologically similar to Chordodes japonensis. Both species have the same six cuticular
Chordodes_formosanus
Species of dragonfly
between the species. Z. fasciata and Z. lanei share a particularly close morphology, both having blue wings; lanei's wings, however, tend to be paler blue
Zenithoptera_fasciata
in the image. It is typically used in morphological operations, such as dilation, erosion, opening, and closing, as well as the hit-or-miss transform
Structuring_element
Group of extinct animals
reaching a large size but were able to carve a niche due to their dental morphology. Eventually, they dispersed from Africa into Eurasia around 18 Ma and
Saber-toothed_predator
Species of parasite
Cnidaria, with Cnidaria being closer morphologically because both groups have extrusive filaments. Bilateria were somewhat closer in some genetic studies,
Myxobolus_cerebralis
String instrument
due to stylistic abstraction. The lyras of Novgorod (1190 AD) are closer morphologically to the present bowed lyras (see gallery): they were pear-shaped
Byzantine_lyra
Extinct genus of fishes
family of nektonic fish during the mid-late Cretaceous. It shows close morphological similarities and may be related to Concavotectum and Bachea. It was
Enischnorhynchus
Extinct family of ungulates
have been considered closely related to these families purely on a morphological basis. However, studies which combine morphological and molecular (genetic)
Entelodontidae
Grammar of the Inuit languages
Eskimo–Aleut languages, exhibit a regular agglutinative and heavily suffixing morphology. The languages are rich in suffixes, making words very long and potentially
Inuit_grammar
Genus of birds
patterns and differences in the coloration of bare parts despite close morphological similarity to the Fuegian steamer duck (T. pteneres). Genetic evidence
Steamer_duck
Combination of two adjacent vowel sounds
phonetic inventory (see semivowel for examples). In closing diphthongs, the second element is more close than the first (e.g. [ai]); in opening diphthongs
Diphthong
Extinct species of rodent
to resolve its relation within the genus. On the one hand, he saw closer morphological similarities to small Oligoryzomys such as O. fulvescens and O. delicatus
Oligoryzomys_victus
Genus of marine protists
Symbiomonas is a genus of eukaryotic organism notable for its unique morphology and genomic characteristics and viral associations. Symbiomonas scintillans
Symbiomonas
Species of bird
based on strong genetic evidence that they are not closely related, and divergences in morphology and song. The vampire finch is sexually dimorphic as
Vampire_ground_finch
French mathematician and engineer
one of the co-founders (together with Georges Matheron) of mathematical morphology. Serra received a scientific baccalauréat in 1957, and an engineering
Jean_Serra
Clade comprising turtles, birds and crocodilians
diapsids outside of Sauria, or close relatives of lepidosaurs within the clade Ankylopoda. Some recent morphological analyses have also found support
Archelosauria
Detects a given configuration (or pattern) in a binary image
used to probe another binary image, in morphological operations such as erosion, dilation, opening, and closing. Let C {\displaystyle C} and D {\displaystyle
Hit-or-miss_transform
Species of worm
Enterobius vermicularis. Enterobius gregorii, another human species is morphologically indistinguishable from Enterobius vermicularis except the spicule size
Pinworm_(parasite)
Group of languages
earliest texts. A common morphological innovation of the West Germanic languages is the development of a gerund. Common morphological archaisms of West Germanic
West_Germanic_languages
Evolution of crustaceans into crab-like forms
general habit of body of a crab Keiler et al., 2017 defines a carcinised morphology as follows: "The carapace is flatter than it is broad and possesses lateral
Carcinisation
Family of pufferfish
toadle, honey toads, sugar toads, and sea squabs. They are morphologically similar to the closely related porcupinefish, which have large external spines
Tetraodontidae
Species of plant
bunchgrass of the family Poaceae. Vetiver is most closely related to sorghum while sharing many morphological characteristics with other fragrant grasses,
Chrysopogon_zizanioides
Nut of the oak tree
of Quercus species for details of oak classification, in which acorn morphology and phenology are important factors. The word acorn (earlier akerne, and
Acorn
Species of anglerfish
unusual morphology found around the Galápagos Islands and off Ecuador at depths of 3 to 76 m (10 to 249 ft). Red-lipped batfish are closely related to
Red-lipped_batfish
Warm-blooded animals with wings and feathers
Linnaean taxonomy placed birds in their own class (owing to their unique morphology and being the only group of animals other than mammals where all its species
Bird
Species of fungus
basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Boletus found in eastern United States. Morphologically close to Boletus edulis, it is distinguished by an elongated stem, a beige
Boletus_nobilis
Species of single-celled organism
that causes a self-limiting diarrhea called cyclosporiasis. In terms of morphology, it has spherical oocysts that are 7.5–10 μm in diameter that also have
Cyclospora_cayetanensis
Family of mammals
developments in molecular biology and techniques for the analysis of morphological data. Today, the living Felidae are divided into two subfamilies: the
Felidae
Herbaceous plant with grassy morphology
and ecology, a graminoid refers to a herbaceous plant with a grass-like morphology, i.e., elongated culms with long, blade-like leaves. They are contrasted
Graminoid
Superorder of birds
gallus ("rooster") + ānser ("goose")). This clade is also supported by morphological and DNA sequence data as well as retrotransposon presence/absence data
Fowl
Romance language
ISBN 978-1-4441-3769-9. Cressey, William Whitney (1978). Spanish Phonology and Morphology: A Generative View. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. ISBN 0-87840-045-1
Spanish_language
Paraphyletic infraphylum of fish
hypothesis was accepted (and is still sometimes used as a strictly morphological descriptor) to reference hagfish plus vertebrates. Agnathans are ectothermic
Agnatha
Sino-Tibetan language
languages have some unique characteristics. They are tightly related to the morphology and also to the characters of the writing system, and phonologically they
Chinese_language
Extinct genus of Arthropod
northern Greenland. Like the morphologically similar Kerygmachela from the same locality, Pambdelurion is thought to be closely related to arthropods, combining
Pambdelurion
Species of plant
patula complex, a taxonomically challenging group of closely related species characterized by morphological variation in frond architecture and scale features
Dryopteris_cinnamomea
Primary sexual organ of male animals
spiders use their pedipalps. Even within the Vertebrata, there are morphological variants with specific terminology, such as hemipenes. In most species
Penis
Class of plants
extinct seed plant groups, which he considered to be closely related based on similarities of morphology of pollen, seeds, cuticles, short shoots and leaves
Ginkgoopsida
Southern Nuristani language
the oblique. For relationships between people, there is some possessive morphology in addition to the genitive. When the possessor is 2nd person (singular
Nuristani_Kalasha_language
Extinct genus of millipedes
or animal remains when available. The short, closely packed legs, as well as evidence from the morphology of the ichnofossil trackways, both suggest that
Arthropleura
Species of fungus
taxonomic criteria, and macro-morphological data with a deeper focus on ascospore and asexual morphology. The asexual morphologies made it possible to distinguish
Ophiocordyceps_unilateralis
Reproductive structure in flowering plants
among the most common adaptations. The structure of a flower, termed its morphology, can be considered in two parts: the vegetative part, consisting of non-reproductive
Flower
Species of fungus
Ru-Yong Zheng in 2001. It is closely related to Cunninghamella bertholletiae, with which it shares many similar morphological characteristics. Zheng R-Y
Cunninghamella_binarieae
Genus of single-celled organisms
Coccidia and family Eimeriidae. Taxonomy of the coccidia is based upon morphological descriptions of observed parasites, and therefore does not always reflect
Cyclospora
Group of tree dwelling mammals noted for slowness
extinct at the end of the Pliocene following the closing of the Central American Seaway; the closing caused a cooling trend in the coastal waters which
Sloth
Tribe of leaf beetles
Cassidinae. Aspidimorphini is closely related to the tribe Cassidini. In a 2017 cladistic analysis of Cassidini based on morphological characters, Aspidimorphini
Aspidimorphini
Verbal morphology of the Circassian (Adyghe–Kabardian) languages
In the Circassian languages, as in all Northwest Caucasian languages, morphology is the most important part of the grammar. Circassian is polysynthetic
Circassian_morphology
Concept in linguistics
In linguistic morphology, fossilization refers to two close notions. One is the preserving of ancient linguistic features which have lost their grammatical
Fossilization_(linguistics)
Smallest meaningful unit in a language
morphemes. The field of linguistic study dedicated to morphemes is called morphology. In English, inside a word with multiple morphemes, the main morpheme
Morpheme
Organism belonging to kingdom Fungi
and Elias Magnus Fries, fungi have been classified according to their morphology (e.g., characteristics such as spore color or microscopic features) or
Fungus
Indo-Aryan language of Sri Lanka
there is a sharp contrast between two distinct systems for syntax and morphology. The literary language is used in writing for all forms of prose, poetry
Sinhala_language
Extinct species of marsupial
analysis, H. karenblackae can be referred to the genus based on very close morphological similarity. The phylogenetic tree of Bates and colleagues (2014)
Hypsiprymnodon_karenblackae
CLOSING MORPHOLOGY
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