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Writing medium, especially for writing in cuneiform
In the Ancient Near East, clay tablets (Akkadian ṭuppu(m) 𒁾) were used as a writing medium, especially for writing in cuneiform, throughout the Bronze
Clay_tablet
Capital of the Hittite Empire
cholera outbreak. Significantly Chantre discovered some fragments of clay tablets inscribed with cuneiform. The fragments contain text in both the Akkadian
Hattusa
Oldest known written complaint (c. 1750 BC)
The complaint tablet to Ea-nāṣir (UET V 81) is a clay tablet that was sent to the ancient city-state Ur, written c. 1750 BC. The tablet, which measures
Complaint_tablet_to_Ea-nāṣir
Sumerian person, c. 3400–3000 BC
The name "Kushim" is found on several Uruk-period (c. 3400–3000 BC) clay tablets used to record transactions of barley. It is uncertain if the name refers
Kushim_(Uruk_period)
3200 BCE. The Kushim tablets from the same period feature possibly the oldest named person (Kushim). Another Uruk Period clay tablet that featured names
List_of_oldest_documents
Corpus of ancient cuneiform texts discovered in Syria
accidentally in 1928–29 at Ras Shamra, Syria, several deposits of cuneiform clay tablets were found; all dating from the last phase of Ugarit before its destruction
Ugaritic_texts
Mesopotamian copper merchant of the Bronze Age
F. Leemans describes Ea-nāṣir in his 1960 publication, based on the clay tablets found in Ea-nāṣir's probable residence in Ur, as a prominent wholesale
Ea-nāṣir
Ancient Babylonian culinary records
The Yale culinary tablets are a collection of four clay tablets containing various ancient Babylonian recipes. Three of the tablets are dated to around
Yale_culinary_tablets
Mesopotamian artifact scandal
the Hobby Lobby chain of craft stores received a large number of clay bullae and tablets originating in the ancient Near East. The artifacts were intended
Hobby_Lobby_smuggling_scandal
Collection of clay tablets from the ancient city of Ebla in Syria
The Ebla tablets are a collection of as many as 1,800 complete clay tablets, 4,700 fragments, and many thousands of minor chips found in the palace archives
Ebla_tablets
Epic poem from Mesopotamia
Deep(s)", lit. "He Who Sees the Unknown"). About two-thirds of this longer, 12-tablet version have been recovered. Some of the best copies were discovered in
Epic_of_Gilgamesh
Clay tablet in Mesopotamian mythology
mythology, the Tablet of Destinies (Sumerian: 𒁾𒉆𒋻𒊏 dub namtarra; Akkadian: ṭup šīmātu, ṭuppi šīmāti) was envisaged as a clay tablet inscribed with
Tablet_of_Destinies
Ancient Mesopotamian board game
BC has been preserved on a Babylonian clay tablet written by the scribe Itti-Marduk-balāṭu. Based on this tablet and the shape of the gameboard, Irving
Royal_Game_of_Ur
Fine grained natural soil
properties of clay and used it for making pottery. Some of the earliest pottery shards have been dated to around 14,000 BCE, and clay tablets were the first
Clay
7th-century-BC archaeological collection of clay tablets in Iraq
great king of the Assyrian Empire, is a collection of more than 30,000 clay tablets and fragments containing texts of all kinds and in various languages
Library_of_Ashurbanipal
Mathematics used in ancient Mesopotamia
derived from hundreds of clay tablets unearthed since the 1850s. Written in cuneiform, tablets were inscribed while the clay was moist, and baked hard
Babylonian_mathematics
Undeciphered late Bronze Age syllabary
thought to be derived. Approximately 250 objects—such as clay balls, cylinders, and tablets which bear Cypro-Minoan inscriptions, have been found. Discoveries
Cypro-Minoan_script
Archaeological site in Punjab, Pakistan
sites, as well as unicorn figurines, a copper seal and an impressed clay tablet. The future of the site as well as any excavation work is threatened
Ganweriwal
Topics referred to by the same term
confection from Scotland Tableting, a confectionery manufacturing process A type of chocolate bar Energy tablets Clay tablet, one of the earliest known
Tablet
Device to seal or authenticate documents
the clay tokens and bulla became difficult to store and handle, impressing the tokens on clay tablets became increasingly popular. Clay tablets were
Bulla_(seal)
Historical region of West Asia
The clay tablet with the catalog number 322 in the G. A. Plimpton Collection at Columbia University may be the most well known mathematical tablet, certainly
Mesopotamia
Ancient Mesopotamian civilization from 3300 to 1900 BC
were usually completed through the approval of contracts recorded on clay tablets. These marriages became legal as soon as the groom delivered a bridal
Sumer
Early proto-writing system
millennia. Other precursors of this system include clay bullae containing tokens, and numerical tablets using only numeral signs. Those devices were used
Proto-cuneiform
Ancient Mesopotamian city in Iraq
The earliest known mention of Babylon as a small town appears on a clay tablet from the reign of Shar-Kali-Sharri (2217–2193 BC), of the Akkadian Empire
Babylon
Egyptian archive of correspondence on clay tablets
correspondence or Amarna tablets, and cited with the abbreviation "EA", for "El Amarna") are an archive, written on clay tablets, primarily consisting of
Amarna_letters
Babylonian mathematical clay tablet
YBC 7289 is a Babylonian clay tablet notable for containing an accurate sexagesimal approximation to the square root of 2, the length of the diagonal
YBC_7289
Syllabic script used for writing Mycenaean Greek
Mycenaean palatial sites. In the handwriting of all the thousands of clay tablets, a relatively small number of scribes have been detected: 45 in Pylos
Linear_B
Neolithic artefacts purported to contain writing
originally unbaked clay tablets in order to preserve them, making it impossible to directly date the tablets with the carbon 14 method. The tablets are generally
Tărtăria_tablets
Medium consisting of pages of text or images
create handwritten manuscripts. Older writing media include scrolls and clay tablets. The book publishing process is the series of steps involved in its creation
Book
Epic poem attributed to Homer
Retrieved 30 July 2025. "Homer Odyssey: Oldest extract discovered on clay tablet". BBC News. 10 July 2018. Archived from the original on 1 September 2020
Odyssey
Collection of music dating from approximately 1400 BCE
on clay tablets excavated from the ancient city of Ugarit, a headland in northern Syria, which date to approximately 1400 BCE. One of these tablets, which
Hurrian_songs
Numeral system
cuneiform using a wedge-tipped reed stylus to print a mark on a soft clay tablet, which would be exposed in the sun to harden to create a permanent record
Babylonian_cuneiform_numerals
Artwork
Mobile Phone) is a 2012 artwork by Karl Weingärtner in the form of a clay tablet shaped like a mobile phone, its keys and screen showing cuneiform script
Babylonokia
Written material conveying information
sharp tool, e.g., the Tablets of Stone described in the Bible; stamped or incised in clay and then baked to make clay tablets, e.g., in the Sumerian
Document
Linear B tablet made c. 1180 BCE
instead of Linear B. PY Ta 641, sometimes known as the Tripod Tablet, is a Mycenaean clay tablet inscribed in Linear B, currently displayed in the National
PY_Ta_641
Persistent representation of language
which inscriptions may be made include stone tablets, clay tablets, bamboo slips, papyrus, wax tablets, vellum, parchment, paper, copperplate, and slate
Writing
Babylonian creation myth
recorded in Akkadian on seven clay tablets, each holding between 115 and 170 lines of Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform script. Most of Tablet V has never been recovered
Enūma_Eliš
Temple in Babylon, modern Iraq
"Esagila" tablet, Louvre.fr Schmid calls it the Anubelshunu Tablet (Hansjörg Schmid, Der Tempelturm Etemenanki in Babylon 1995. The tablet has been republished
Esagila
7th century BC treaty
Esarhaddon's Treaty with Ba'al is an Assyrian clay tablet inscription describing a treaty between Esarhaddon (reigned 681 to 669 BC) and Ba'al of Tyre
Esarhaddon's Treaty with Ba'al of Tyre
Esarhaddon's_Treaty_with_Ba'al_of_Tyre
Clay tablet letter from the King of Alashiya to the King (Pharaoh) of Egypt
Amarna letter EA 35, titled The Hand of Nergal, is a moderate length clay tablet letter from the king of Alashiya (modern Cyprus) to the king (pharaoh)
Amarna_letter_EA_35
Town in Messenia, Peloponnese, Greece
archaeological remains of the palace, Blegen also found there thousands of clay tablets with inscriptions written in Linear B, a syllabic script used between
Pylos
Clay tablet from Nimrud, Iraq (c.733 BC)
The Nimrud Tablet K.3751, also known as Kalhu Palace Summary Inscription 7 is an inscription on a clay tablet dated c. 733 BC from the reign of Tiglath-Pileser
Nimrud_Tablet_K.3751
Ancient text listing Sumerian Kingships
different sources, all in the form of clay tablets or cylinders and written in Sumerian. At least 16 different tablets or fragments containing parts of the
Sumerian_King_List
Symbolic depiction of spatial relationships
preserved maps is from the Akkadian Empire (in modern Iraq) inscribed on a clay tablet and dated to 2300 BCE. In the 5th century BCE, Greeks were drawing maps
Map
Creation myth
versions of the narrative. One is a tablet excavated from the ancient Sumerian city known as Nippur. This tablet was discovered during the Expedition
Eridu_Genesis
Clay tablet depicting Greek mysteries
The Ninnion Tablet, dated to approximately 370 BC, is a red clay tablet depicting the ancient Greek Eleusinian Mysteries (religious rites connected to
Ninnion_Tablet
Writing implement or small tool for marking or shaping
were used to write in cuneiform by pressing into wet clay, and to scribe or carve into a wax tablet. Very hard styluses are also used to engrave metal,
Stylus
Clay administrative archives found in Persepolis dating to the Achaemenid Persian Empire
their recovery by the Oriental Institute's archaeologists. Thousands of clay tablets, fragments and seal impressions in the Persepolis archives are a part
Persepolis Administrative Archives
Persepolis_Administrative_Archives
Used to count, measure, and label
earliest known base 10 system dates to 3100 BC in Egypt. A Babylonian clay tablet dated to 1900–1600 BC provides an estimate of the circumference of a
Number
Writing system of the ancient Near East
the Lord of Kulaba patted some clay and put words on it, like a tablet. Until then, there had been no putting words on clay. — Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta
Cuneiform
Collection of archaeological artifacts
The Al-Yahudu tablets are a collection of about 200 clay tablets from the sixth and fifth centuries BCE on the exiled Judean community in Babylonia following
Al-Yahudu_Tablets
used to inscribe characters in moist clay. Fire was then used to dry the tablets out. At Nineveh, over 20,000 tablets have been found, dating from the 7th
History_of_books
Religious practices of Babylonia
largely influenced by its Sumerian counterparts and were written on clay tablets inscribed with the cuneiform script derived from Sumerian cuneiform.
Babylonian_religion
First few words of a text used as a title
remains commonplace. In the clay tablet archives of Sumer, catalogs of documents were kept by making special catalog tablets containing the incipits of
Incipit
Sequence of operations for a task
Babylonian clay tablets described algorithms for computing formulas. Algorithms were also used in Babylonian astronomy. Babylonian clay tablets describe
Algorithm
Ancient Near Eastern treaty (c. 1259 BC)
and is preserved on baked clay tablets uncovered among the Hittite royal palace's sizable archives. Two of the Hittite tablets are displayed at the Museum
Egyptian–Hittite_peace_treaty
King of Wilusa
Clay tablet containing the treaty between the kings Alaksandu and Muwatalli. Troy Museum
Alaksandu
High government ministry in various Islamic states
A divan or diwan (Persian: دیوان, dīvān; from Sumerian dub, clay tablet) was a high government ministry in various Islamic states, or its chief official
Divan
Akkadian creation myth
is an 18th-century BC Akkadian epic, recorded in various versions on clay tablets and named for one of its protagonists, the priest Atra-Hasis ('exceedingly
Atra-Hasis
Cuneiform inscription
The Nebo-Sarsekim Tablet is a clay cuneiform inscription referring to an official at the court of Nebuchadnezzar II, king of Babylon. It almost certainly
Nebo-Sarsekim_Tablet
King of Babylon from 605 to 562 BC
determine what events transpired at the time, in addition to contract tablets from Babylonia. Though some see the use of the sources written by later
Nebuchadnezzar_II
Mesopotamian texts that talk about gods and fantastic creatures
mostly gone by 400 CE. These works were primarily preserved on stone or clay tablets and were written in cuneiform by scribes. Several lengthy pieces have
Mesopotamian_mythology
Amarna letter EA 369 is a letter written on a clay tablet from the pharaoh to Milkilu of Gezer. The tablet is now housed in the Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire
Amarna_letter_EA_369
Levantine mythological cycle of stories
and written in a cuneiform abjad. It was discovered on a series of clay tablets found in the 1920s in the Tell of Ugarit (modern Ras Shamra), situated
Baal_Cycle
Mesopotamian god of literacy and scribes
on a tablet as well as a simple wedge shape; King Nabonidus, whose name references Nabu, had a royal sceptre topped with Nabu's wedge. Clay tablets with
Nabu
Sumerian creation myth
Ninlil: The begetting of Nanna is a Sumerian creation myth, written on clay tablets in the mid to late 3rd millennium BC. The first lines of the myth were
Enlil_and_Ninlil
Extinct branch of Indo-European languages
Anatolia. The main cache of Hittite texts is the approximately 30,000 clay tablet fragments, of which only some have been studied, from the records of
Anatolian_languages
Babylonian clay tablet of numbers in Pythagorean triples
Plimpton 322 is a Babylonian clay tablet, believed to have been written around 1800 BC, that contains a mathematical table written in cuneiform script
Plimpton_322
Transmission of information
writing systems. A drawback of many early forms of writing, like the clay tablets used for cuneiform, was that they were not very portable. This made it
Communication
Greek title roughly meaning 'monarch'
word is found on the baked clay tablets discovered in excavations of Mycenaean palaces originally destroyed by fire. The tablets are dated from the 15th
Basileus
Person who writes or copies manuscripts
these activities. The work of Near Eastern scribes primarily exists on clay tablets and stone monuments written in cuneiform, though later in the period
Scribe
Number whose square is a given number
among other mathematical structures. The Yale Babylonian Collection clay tablet YBC 7289 was created between 1800 BC and 1600 BC, showing 2 {\displaystyle
Square_root
Inscribed works discovered in Thebes, Greece
The Thebes tablets, with inscriptions in Mycenaean Greek using Linear B, were discovered in Thebes, Greece. They belong to the Late Helladic IIIB context
Thebes_tablets
Syllabic script used in Iron Age Cyprus
significant part of, Linear A. The earliest inscriptions are found on clay tablets. Parallel to the evolution of cuneiform, the signs soon became simple
Cypriot_syllabary
Cuneiform consonantal alphabet of 30 letters
used to write cuneiform (i.e. pressing a wedge-shaped stylus into a clay tablet). It was mostly written from left to right, but not exclusively. It emerged
Ugaritic_alphabet
Marvel Comics supervillain
elderly Silvermane forces Curt Connors to make a potion from an ancient clay tablet to grant himself immortality. However, the serum instead causes him to
Silvermane
Mycenaean archaeological site in Greece
paint. During excavation in 1939, around 1,000 Linear B clay tablets were found. The tablets were taken to the National Archaeological Museum in Athens:
Palace_of_Nestor
Archaeological artifacts
rations tablets date from the 6th century BC and describe the oil rations set aside for a royal captive identified with Jeconiah, king of Judah. Tablets from
Jehoiachin's_Rations_Tablets
Babylonian astronomical tablet
Venus tablet of Ammi-Saduqa (Enuma Anu Enlil Tablet 63) is the record of astronomical positions for Venus, as preserved in numerous cuneiform tablets dating
Venus_tablet_of_Ammisaduqa
Cuneiform sign
is especially used in the opening, and introductory paragraph of the clay tablet letter, when addressing the Pharaoh (King), or when sent to another individual
Ne_(cuneiform)
Earliest attested form of the Greek language
inscriptions are on clay tablets found in Knossos, in central Crete, as well as in Pylos, in the southwest of the Peloponnese. Other tablets have been found
Mycenaean_Greek
Ritualistic clay tablet in Shia Islam
also used in Urdu) or prayer stone, is a small piece of soil or clay, often a clay tablet, used during salah to symbolize Earth. The use of a turbah is
Turbah
Oldest surviving literary text in the world
to Nintud on the creation of man and woman, is a Sumerian tablet, written on clay tablets as early as 2600 BCE. Along with the Instructions of Shuruppak
Kesh_temple_hymn
Archaeological culture of Mesopotamia
1900s, clay tablets with an archaic form of the Sumerian cuneiform script began to appear in the antiquities market. A collection of 36 tablets was bought
Jemdet_Nasr_period
While thousands of Hittite clay tablets have been unearthed, the Hattusa Bronze Tablet is the only Hittite metal tablet discovered so far. It was discovered
Hattusa_Bronze_Tablet
Replacing a number with a simpler value
— The LLVM C Library". libc.llvm.org. Duncan J. Melville. "YBC 7289 clay tablet". 2006 Rules for Rounding Off Numerical Values. American Standards Association
Rounding
Brief statement of information about a book
together shall inflict the plague upon him".) The term is also applied to clay tablet inscriptions appended by a scribe to the end of an Ancient Near East
Colophon_(publishing)
Ancient Sumerian city
literary texts. Over 100 of the tablets dealt with the disbursement of rations to workers. About a thousand Early Dynastic clay sealings and fragments (used
Shuruppak
Historical cuisine of the people of Sumer
oldest known culinary recipes originates from a series of four Sumerian clay tablets in the Yale Babylonian Collection. Of the cereals, barley was the most
Sumerian_cuisine
Integer side lengths of a right triangle
times. The oldest known record comes from Plimpton 322, a Babylonian clay tablet from about 1800 BC, written in a sexagesimal number system. When searching
Pythagorean_triple
Archaeological site in Iraq
first excavated in 1926 by Stephen Langdon, who found Proto-Cuneiform clay tablets in a large mudbrick building thought to be the ancient administrative
Jemdet_Nasr
Circa 8th-century BC clay tablet
Babylonian Map of the World (also Imago Mundi or Mappa mundi) is a Babylonian clay tablet with a schematic world map and two inscriptions written in the Akkadian
Babylonian_Map_of_the_World
Old Babylonian letter
Letters from Mesopotamia: Official, Business, and Private Letters on Clay Tablets from Two Millennia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. OCLC 2019753
Letter_from_Iddin-Sin_to_Zinu
14th-century BCE Egyptian clay tablet
Amarna letter EA 147, titled A Hymn to the Pharaoh, is a moderate length clay tablet Amarna letter (mid 14th century BC) from Abimilku of Tyre-(called Ṣurru
Amarna_letter_EA_147
Human settlement
child. Her letters on the clay tablets showcased a more emotional side of communication, whereas the male counterpart's tablet communications were often
Kültepe
Babylonian clay tablet on mathematics
IM 67118, also known as Db2-146, is an Old Babylonian clay tablet in the collection of the Iraq Museum that contains the solution to a problem in plane
IM_67118
Clay tablet inscriptions
The Graeco-Babyloniaca (singular: Graeco-Babyloniacum) are clay tablets written in the Sumerian or Akkadian languages using cuneiform on one side with
Graeco-Babyloniaca
Societal collapse in the Late Bronze Age
his reign are unknown. A letter by the king is preserved on one of the clay tablets found baked in the conflagration of the city. Ammurapi stresses the seriousness
Late_Bronze_Age_collapse
Unique positive real number which when multiplied by itself gives 2
to 30 decimal places: 1.414213562373095048801688724209 The Babylonian clay tablet YBC 7289 (c. 1800–1600 BC) gives an approximation of 2 {\displaystyle
Square_root_of_2
Archaeological site in Cyprus
Cypro-Minoan Script inscriptions were found there including the longest known clay tablet. It has been suggested that this city was the Alashiya of the Amarna
Enkomi_(archaeological_site)
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