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Equipment for caving and spelunking
of caving during the 20th century led to the creation of specialist caving equipment and companies. Due to the greatly varying conditions of caves throughout
Caving_equipment
Recreational pastime of exploring cave systems
dislike the term being used in reference to caving, as it implies a disregard for safety. Though caving is a fairly safe sport compared to other activities
Caving
Device used to descend on a rope
Eventually, the American caving community primarily settled on the use of full-size racks, microracks, and figure 8s. The European caving community primarily
Descender (rappelling equipment)
Descender_(rappelling_equipment)
2026-05-08. "American Caving Accidents 1967-1970" (PDF). caves.org. 1974. Retrieved 2026-05-12. Putnam, William (June 2003). "American Caving Accidents 1999–2001"
List of United States caving fatalities
List_of_United_States_caving_fatalities
Cave with significant vertical passages
Exploration of pit caves ("vertical caving", also called "potholing" in the UK and "pit caving" in US English) requires the use of equipment such as nylon
Pit_cave
World-renowned caver and manufacturer of outdoor equipment under the brand name Petzl
period, when there were no manufacturers of specialized caving equipment, cavers adapted equipment from other sources, or made their own. After 1933 Petzl
Fernand_Petzl
There are a number of terms that are used in connection with caves, caving and speleology. The following is an incomplete list. A B C D E F G H I J K
Glossary of caving and speleology
Glossary_of_caving_and_speleology
"Bobbins: Kong Banana". www.verticalmuseum.com. Retrieved 2025-06-29. "Vertical caving terminology and methods". www.cavinguk.co.uk. Retrieved 2026-03-19. US119997A
Bobbin_(caving_equipment)
Diving in water-filled caves
Compared to caving and scuba diving, there are relatively few practitioners of cave-diving. This is due in part to the specialized equipment and skill sets
Cave_diving
Tools and gear to assist in climbing
climbing and mountaineering equipment brands Alpine climbing equipment Caving equipment Ice climbing equipment Mixed climbing equipment ACMG (2023). "Chapter
Rock-climbing_equipment
partly improved equipment. The following bar chart shows the number of fatalities in each decade: Caving in the United Kingdom "Caving in the UK: 'The
List_of_UK_caving_fatalities
Climbing technique
the Jumar for pit caving. Petzl started a small caving equipment manufacturing company, Petzl, which manufactures equipment for caving, climbing, mountaineering
Single-rope_technique
of caving organizations throughout the world. The Union Internationale de Spéléologie (UIS) is the international umbrella organization for caving and
List_of_caving_organizations
French consumer goods company
climbing gear, caving gear, work-at-height equipment, and headlamps based in Crolles (near Grenoble), France. The company was created by the cave explorer Fernand
Petzl
Acetylene-burning lamps
2018-09-23. Retrieved 2012-01-30. Caving equipment and culture (from Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand) "Caver's Slang". www-sop.inria.fr. Using the
Carbide_lamp
Human being who inhabits a cave
caves: caves are rare across most of the world; most caves are dark, cold, and damp; and other cave inhabitants, such as bears and cave bears, cave lions
Cave_dweller
Elongate mineral formation found on a cave floor
a member of') is a type of rock formation that rises from the floor of a cave due to the accumulation of material deposited on the floor from ceiling drippings
Stalagmite
many caves. This list compiles those with Wikipedia articles. Onyx Cave Cosmic Cavern Mystic Caverns and Crystal Dome Old Spanish Treasure Cave Blanchard
List_of_caves_in_Arkansas
Climbing and caving equipment
known as abseil racks, are a type of descender. They are often used in caving, where they are valued for their versatility and excellent friction control
Rappel_rack
"Long Caves of Mexico February 2024" (PDF). Retrieved 2024-05-06. Stone, Bill (2025). "2026 Sistema Cheve Expedition". United States Deep Caving Team.
List_of_deepest_caves
Shackle with a spring-loaded gate
rope-intensive activities such as climbing, fall arrest systems, arboriculture, caving, sailing, hot-air ballooning, rope rescue, construction, industrial rope
Carabiner
Form of earth shelter dwelling in northern China
and then dig the cave horizontally on the four walls to form the underground courtyard. In most parts of western Henan, this form of cave is called the "pit
Yaodong
Structure formed in a cave by the deposition of minerals from water
(spḗlaion) 'cave' and θέμα (théma) 'deposit') is a geological formation made by mineral deposits that accumulate over time in natural caves. They can take
Speleothem
Specialized field of wilderness rescue
the worst caving disaster in the UK. Their remains were retrieved and buried further in the system four years later. Eight amateur cavers were found
Cave_rescue
Assisted braking belay device
A Grigri (styled as GriGri or GRIGRI) is an assisted braking belay device manufactured by Petzl designed to help secure rock-climbing, rappelling, and
GriGri
Devices used for ascending, braking, or protection in climbing
to "climb" a rope, regardless of whether it is done in sport climbing, caving, in occupations that require working from (or being protected by) ropes
Ascender_(climbing)
Type of cave
A solutional cave, solution cave, or karst cave is usually formed in a soluble rock like limestone, which is composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Being
Solutional_cave
Elongated mineral formation hanging down from a cave ceiling
(stalássein) 'to drip') is a mineral formation that hangs from the ceiling of caves, hot springs, or man-made structures such as bridges and mines. Any material
Stalactite
Ascender used in climbing and caving
to the specificity of pit caving. Following these developments, Fernand Petzl started in the 1970s a small caving equipment manufacturing company Petzl
Petzl_Croll
Topography from dissolved soluble rocks
characterized by features like poljes above and drainage systems with sinkholes and caves underground. There is some evidence that karst may occur in more weathering-resistant
Karst
2016 Finnish film directed by Juan Reina
Juan Reina. Four Finnish cave divers face their worst nightmare when two of their friends drown deep inside an underwater cave in Norway. When the official
Diving_into_the_Unknown
Overview of and topical guide to caves
British Isles. Vertical caving – caving involving ropes and significant vertical exposure. Cave survey – process of mapping caves. Single-rope technique
Outline_of_caves
Type of waterproof boot
A Wellington boot, gumboot, rubber boot, rain boot, rainboot, or welly for short, is a type of waterproof boot made of rubber. Originally a type of leather
Wellington_boot
Type of structural collapse
humerus. The most common measures taken to prevent cave-ins in excavation include keeping heavy equipment away from trench edges, inspecting trenches, and
Cave-in
Type of rope
used in yachts for hauling were tested and found useful in climbing and caving and are now the modern standard. The German company Edelrid introduced the
Kernmantle_rope
Cave formed within the ice of a glacier
Glaciospeleology Cave Science Topics, Caving International no. 4, July 1979. J.Schroeder, Inside the Glaciers – Svalbard, Norway The Canadian Caver vol.22 no
Glacier_cave
Recreational caving in the United Kingdom dates back to the mid-19th century. The four major caving areas of the United Kingdom are North Yorkshire, South
Caving_in_the_United_Kingdom
Caving in New Zealand is an established hobby as well as being a part of commercial tourism. Recreational caving is practised by several hundred members
Caving_in_New_Zealand
2010 documentary film by Werner Herzog
lights himself. The crew was limited to battery-powered equipment that they could carry into the cave themselves and lights that gave off no excess heat.
Cave_of_Forgotten_Dreams
Spherical speleothem concreted concentrically
and Cave Pearls Onondaga Cave State Park Speleothems Glossary of Caving Terms The Virtual Cave's page on cave pearls, with many types of pearls shown
Cave_pearl
of longest caves includes caves in which the combined length of documented passageways exceeds 100 kilometres (62 mi). In some of these caves, passageways
List_of_longest_caves
Climbing equipment, similar to a carabiner
language, meaning "link". Maillons are used primarily in climbing and caving. In caving, they are used to make secure and vital connections such as those
Maillon
Bungonia Caves Careys Cave Church Creek Caves Colong Caves Finchs Caves Jenolan Caves (List of caves within the Jenolan Caves karst) St Michaels Cave (Avalon
List of caves in New South Wales
List_of_caves_in_New_South_Wales
Groundwater source in certain geological conditions
terminus of a cave drainage system at the place where a river cave reaches the Earth's surface, it is often possible to enter the caves from karst springs
Karst_spring
Cave in Georgia (US)
"American Caving Accidents, 2013 to 2014" (PDF). caves.org. National Speleological Society. 2015. Retrieved March 24, 2025. American Caving Accidents:
Ellison's_Cave
Descender used in caving
A Petzl Stop is a bobbin descender used primarily in caving and formerly used for industrial rope access made by the French company Petzl. The Stop is
Petzl_Stop
Animals that live underground
also able to live underground (eutroglophiles), and species that are only cave visitors (subtroglophiles and trogloxenes). Land-dwelling troglobites may
List_of_troglobites
Device for rappelling
The figure 8 belay device is a piece of metal (usually an aluminum alloy) in the shape of an 8 with one large end and one small end. This device utilizes
Figure_8_(climbing)
River that runs wholly or partly beneath the ground surface
natural rivers may be entirely subterranean, collecting in and flowing through cave systems. In karst topography, rivers that originate above ground can disappear
Subterranean_river
Cave made accessible to the general public for guided visits
A show cave—also called tourist cave, public cave, and, in the United States, commercial cave—is a cave which has been made accessible to the public for
Show_cave
Lake under the Earth's surface
where limestone or other soluble rock has been weathered away, leaving a cave where water can flow and accumulate. Natural underground lakes are an uncommon
Underground_lake
Species that lives in caves and similar subterranean environments
Troglofauna are small cave-dwelling animals that have adapted to their dark surroundings. Troglofauna and stygofauna are the two types of subterranean
Troglofauna
Garment worn to provide thermal protection while wet
swimmer when they extend their arms out over their head. Wetsuits used for caving are often single-backed with a textured surface known as "sharkskin" which
Wetsuit
Cave crystals constituting box-like blades between bygone bedrocks
weathered away as the cave developed." Boxwork is commonly composed of thin blades of the mineral calcite that project from cave walls or ceilings that
Boxwork
Anchor point used in sport climbing
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bolts (climbing). Piton Climbing equipment Siacci, Ryan (12 July 2023). "Many a visitor has left our shores with
Bolt_(climbing)
Cave in Tasmania, Australia
Exit Cave, Tasmania is a large multi entrance cave near Ida bay in southern Tasmania. The cave is one of a number of caves along the D’Entrecasteaux River
Exit_Cave
Geological phenomenon
water flows down the walls or along the floors of a cave. They are typically found in "solution caves", in limestone, where they are the most common speleothem
Flowstone
Karst ground orifice which is sometimes a sink and other times a source
Biospeleology Cave conservation Cave dweller Cave gate Cave painting Cave survey Caving Diving Organizations Caving equipment Fauna Stygofauna Troglobites
Estavelle
Chemical compound
Stefan; Toki, Goro (December 2004). "Calcium Carbide". SRI Consulting. "Caving equipment and culture (from Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand)". Clemmer, Gregg
Calcium_carbide
Cave system in Clearwell, England
guide and with appropriate caving equipment for safety. The upper caves are open to the general visitor. Parts of the caves were originally opened to the
Clearwell_Caves
Geologically-formed topological depression
locations. Sinkholes that capture drainage can hold it in large limestone caves. These caves may drain into tributaries of larger rivers. The formation of sinkholes
Sinkhole
oldest caving club in Scotland, having been founded in 1961. It is also the largest, with members exploring caves across Britain and the world. Caving in
Grampian_Speleological_Group
the latest verifiable data. Some caves and cave systems are partially accessible to the general public. Other caves have restricted access; restrictions
List of longest caves in the United States
List_of_longest_caves_in_the_United_States
Natural void under a planetary surface
of exploring cave systems Caving organizations Cenote – Natural pit or sinkhole that exposes groundwater underneath Glossary of caving and speleology
Cave
Protection of caves to minimise the effects of human activities
policy for caves and karst. DoC publish a "Caving care code" which is in turn based in part on the caving ethics of NZSS. The British Cave Research Association
Cave_conservation
Cave, County Clare Badger Pot, County Fermanagh* Ballymaglancy Cave, County Galway Boho Caves, County Fermanagh* Cloyne Cave, County Cork Crag Cave,
List_of_caves_in_Ireland
events regarding caving, caving standards, caving publications, caving equipment, caving safety, and cave rescue. The Society also participated in the
Sydney_Speleological_Society
Small nodes of calcite, aragonite, or gypsum that form on surfaces in caves
Cave popcorn, or coralloids, are small nodes of calcite, aragonite, or gypsum that form on surfaces in caves, especially limestone caves. They are a common
Cave_popcorn
Snowflake-like speleothem
Lechuguilla Cave, New Mexico, US. Diagram of dripstone cave structures (frostwork labelled AA) Cave popcorn with frostwork Hill, C. and Forti, P. (1997), Cave Minerals
Frostwork_(geology)
Slovenian speleological organization
exploration, documentation and protection of caves in Slovenia. It is based in Ljubljana, is the oldest still active caving society in the country and is most known
Ljubljana Cave Exploration Society
Ljubljana_Cave_Exploration_Society
ladder, a tool that expanded the possibilities of cave explorations and became standard caving equipment for the next fifty years. Amongst his numerous explorations
Robert_de_Joly
Item of climbing equipment
A climbing harness is a piece of equipment that allows a climber to tie in to the safety of a rope. It is used in rock and ice climbing, abseiling, and
Climbing_harness
Passage in a cave that is submerged under water
A sump, or siphon, is a passage in a cave that is submerged under water. A sump may be static, with no inward or outward flow, or active, with continuous
Sump_(cave)
Paintings, often prehistoric, on cave walls and ceilings
archaeology, cave paintings are a type of parietal art (which category also includes petroglyphs, or engravings), found on the wall or ceilings of caves. The
Cave_painting
Type of knot
This caving-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information.
Klemheist_knot
21, 2024. Retrieved October 28, 2024. "Caving". Tennessee State Parks. Retrieved November 2, 2024. "Show Caves of the United States of America: Appalachian
List_of_caves_in_Tennessee
Type of cave
breathing cave or barometric cave is a rare type of cave in which atmospheric pressure gradients between the inside and outside of a cave cause air to
Breathing_cave
Type of cave
talus cave, also known as a boulder cave, is a type of cave formed by the gaps between one or, more commonly, many large boulders. Talus caves can be
Talus_cave
Diving incident in the Maldives
Retrieved 20 May 2026. "Maldives Cave Tragedy Prove Widens". X-Ray Mag. Retrieved 14 June 2026. "Italy safeguards divers' equipment as authorities investigate
2026 Dhekunu Kandu cave diving incident
2026_Dhekunu_Kandu_cave_diving_incident
Cave formed in volcanic rock, especially one formed via volcanic processes
cave is any cave formed in volcanic rock, though it typically means caves formed by volcanic processes, which are more properly termed volcanic caves
Lava_cave
Natural cave that contains significant amounts of year-round ice
An ice cave is any type of natural cave (most commonly lava tubes or limestone caves) that contains significant amounts of perennial (year-round) ice
Ice_cave
list of caves in Missouri includes the location, length, and date they were opened to the public (or discovered). There are roughly 7,500 caves recorded
List_of_caves_in_Missouri
Cave diving Caving (Also known as Spelunking or Potholing) Karst Cave diving regions of the world Wikimedia Commons has media related to Caves in Australia
List_of_caves_in_Australia
Caves in Malaysia
("White Cave") is the larger of the two caves, and also the more technical; it is not open to the general public, and access requires appropriate caving equipment
Gomantong_Caves
Natural opening where surface water enters caves
to estavelles. Morphologically, ponors come in forms of large pits and caves, large fissures and caverns, networks of smaller cracks, and sedimentary
Ponor
Map of all or part of a cave system
standards of accuracy depending on the cave conditions and equipment available underground. Cave surveying and cartography, i.e. the creation of an accurate
Cave_survey
Mining techniques used to excavate hard minerals and gems
Sublevel caving Raise caving : This is a method designed for high-angle orebodies at depth where regional stresseses are high. In raise caving the rock
Underground_hard-rock_mining
Speleothem whose axis changes
A helictite is a speleothem (cave-formed mineral) found in a limestone cave that changes its axis from the vertical at one or more stages during its growth
Helictite
Science of cave and karst systems
applied to the recreational activity of exploring caves, but this is more properly known as caving, potholing (British English), or spelunking (United
Speleology
Oman's Stunning Two Million Year-Old Cave". Retrieved 18 February 2023. "Introduction of: Pakistan Cave Research and Caving Federation". Retrieved 24 February
List of longest caves by country
List_of_longest_caves_by_country
Sauta Cave Shelta Cave On Your Knees Cave Trail Creek Caves Antelope Cave Bat Cave mine Cave of the Bells Colossal Cave Coronado Cave Grand Canyon Caverns
List of caves in the United States
List_of_caves_in_the_United_States
Natural pit or sinkhole that exposes groundwater underneath
dive to a cave dive. Contrary to cenote cavern diving, cenote cave diving requires special equipment and training (certification for cave diving). However
Cenote
Short circular highly elastic rubber loop
of inner tube are used by cavers and cave divers, and in that context are called snoopy loops by the British caving and cave diving community. When they
Rubber_band
Type of dripstone in soft sediment
There are a few variations on cave conulites formed in very similar ways but different enough to have their own names. Cave birdbaths. These are low-angle
Conulite
Cave entrance barricade
A cave gate is a manmade barricade typically placed at, or just inside, the entrance to a cave in an effort to impede or mitigate human access to a cave's
Cave_gate
Animal species adapted to live in an underground environment
– troglofauna is associated with terrestrial subterranean environment (caves and underground spaces above the water table), and stygofauna with all kind
Subterranean_fauna
Radio signalling used in mines and caves
Project Sanguine Tunnel transmitter Leaky feeder Cave-Link [de] Communication with submarines Caving equipment#Communication Earth transmission system (in
Through-the-earth communications
Through-the-earth_communications
Animals living in subterranean waters
Styx") are any fauna that live in groundwater systems or aquifers, such as caves, fissures, and vugs. Stygofauna and troglofauna are the two types of subterranean
Stygofauna
Waterfall located underground
waterfall is a waterfall located underground, usually in a cave or mine. They are a common feature in cave systems where there are vertical or near vertical geological
Subterranean_waterfall
Landlocked body of water with underground connection to the sea
primary forms: pools or caves. The primary differentiating characteristics between pools and caves is the availability of light; cave systems are generally
Anchialine_system
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