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The Burns stanza is a verse form named after the Scottish poet Robert Burns, who used it in some fifty poems. It was not, however, invented by Burns, and
Burns_stanza
1785 Scots-language poem by Robert Burns
plough. The poem consists of eight stanzas in Burns stanza form, so called because he used it frequently. Each stanza is six lines in length and rhymes
To_a_Mouse
Repetition of consonant sounds in literature
consonant clusters, for example, stating that bring alliterates with blast and burn, or rather that all three words alliterate with one another. Alliteration
Alliteration
Type of intermittent rhyming
one set pattern; the "Burns stanza" is an example of a specific pattern which forms a sub-type of tail rhyme. A tail rhyme stanza is united by intermittent
Tail_rhyme
Pattern of rhymes at the end of each line of a poem or song
verbatim) Rubaiyat: AABA or AAAA Sapphic stanza in Polish poetry – various Scottish stanza: AAABAB, as used by Robert Burns in works such as "To a Mouse" Sestain:
Rhyme_scheme
Scottish poet and lyricist (1759–1796)
Robert Burns (25 January 1759 – 21 July 1796), also known familiarly as Rabbie Burns, was a Scottish poet and lyricist. He is widely regarded as the national
Robert_Burns
Four-line poem or stanza
A quatrain is a type of stanza, or a complete poem, consisting of four lines. Existing in a variety of forms, the quatrain appears in poems from the poetic
Quatrain
written in the form known as "standard Habbie", or Burns stanza. The Burns stanza was widely used by Burns and Robert Fergusson in their poems. Kilbarchan's
Habbie_Simpson
Verse form created by Edmund Spenser
The Spenserian stanza is a fixed verse form invented by Edmund Spenser for his epic poem The Faerie Queene (1590–96). Each stanza contains nine lines in
Spenserian_stanza
Glass inscriptions by Scottish poet
'Burns Window' once carried inscriptions by Burns, removed in the 1970s and displayed for some years in the Crown Hotel. One inscription was Burns's Masonic
Robert Burns's diamond point engravings
Robert_Burns's_diamond_point_engravings
Adaptation of the Sapphic stanza for the Polish language
The Sapphic stanza is the only stanzaic form adapted from Greek and Latin poetry to be used widely in Polish literature. It was introduced during the
Sapphic stanza in Polish poetry
Sapphic_stanza_in_Polish_poetry
End times in Norse mythology
earth in fire, causing the entire world to burn. High quotes stanzas 46 to 47 of Völuspá, and additionally stanza 18 of Vafþrúðnismál (the latter relating
Ragnarök
1786 Scots-language poem by Robert Burns
language poem by Robert Burns in his favourite meter, standard Habbie. The poem's theme is contained in the final verse: Burns original O wad some Pow'r
To_a_Louse
heroic couplet. See also asyndeton. breviloquence burlesque burletta Burns stanza Byronic hero A type of character in a dramatic work whose defining features
Glossary_of_literary_terms
Conservative and anti-radical Burns clubs sprang up around Scotland, filled with poets who fixated on the "Burns stanza" as a form. Scottish poetry has
Scots-language_literature
Topics referred to by the same term
to: The Habbie stanza or standard Habbie, also known as the Burns stanza Habbie Simpson, Scottish piper from Kilbarchan whom the stanza is ultimately named
Habbie
Scottish folk song
collected by Robert Burns from 1794. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 857. Although sometimes attributed to Burns himself, the seven-stanza original poem
Ca'_the_yowes
Immense tree in Norse cosmology
Yggdrasil is first mentioned in the poem in stanza 29, where Odin says that, because the "bridge of the Æsir burns" and the "sacred waters boil," Thor must
Yggdrasil
List of terms created from a person's name
criminal – to burke (to execute someone by suffocation) Robert Burns, Scottish poet – Burns stanza Ambrose Burnside, American general – sideburns Wilhelm Busch
List_of_eponyms_(A–K)
Irish poet
and was a parody of an Allan Ramsay's verse as a six-line standard Burns stanza written in strong Scots. Her use of direct speech offers a glimpse of
Olivia_Elder
Poem by Robert Burns
Saturday Night is a poem by Robert Burns that was first published in Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect in 1786. Burns wrote "The Cotter's Saturday Night"
The_Cotter's_Saturday_Night
Poem by Dylan Thomas
first line of the first stanza serves as the last line of the second and fourth stanzas, and the third line of the first stanza serves as the last line
Do not go gentle into that good night
Do_not_go_gentle_into_that_good_night
1784 poem by Robert Burns
"Man Was Made to Mourn: A Dirge" is a dirge of eleven stanzas by the Scots poet Robert Burns, first published in 1784 and included in the first edition
Man_Was_Made_to_Mourn
Robert Burns poem set to traditional melody
poem to Burns himself. The song originally had another melody, which can be traced to around 1700 and was deemed "mediocre" by Robert Burns. The first
Auld_Lang_Syne
1784 poem by Robert Burns
now to be found in the Works of Burns is the one given in Johnson's Museum, which passed through the hands of Burns; but the song itself, in some form
Comin'_Thro'_the_Rye
Scottish war poet, philosopher, and folklorist
Robert Burns into Gaelic, he did praise the Lowland poet in verse, used the Burns stanza more than once in his later poetry, and often emulated Burns by,
Dòmhnall_Iain_Dhonnchaidh
17th-century English ballad
oldest existing tales of Robin Hood. It is a longer version of the last six stanzas of A Gest of Robyn Hode, suggesting that one of the authors was familiar
Robin_Hood's_Death
Poetry written within the boundaries of modern Scotland
filled with members that praised a sanitised version of Burns and poets who fixated on the "Burns stanza" as a form. William Tennant's (1784–1848) "Anster Fair"
Poetry_of_Scotland
1785 poem by Robert Burns
poem was written in a Habbie stanza with the stanza six lines long and the rhyme scheme AAABAB. Burns used a similar stanza in Death and Doctor Hornbook
Address_to_the_Devil
Six-line poem format
nought but grief an' pain, For promis'd joy! (Robert Burns, To a Mouse, 37-42) It is Burns's stanza. While that my soul repairs to her devotion, Here I
Sestain
Legendary hall in Norse mythology
direct references in stanza 32 of the Völuspá, where the god Baldr's death is referred to as the "woe of Valhalla", and in stanzas 1 to 3 of Hyndluljóð
Valhalla
1790 song by Robert Burns
all of Burns' revisions are contained in the manuscript. Burns dropped the chorus line of the original and made significant changes to stanza five and
The_Battle_of_Sherramuir
Poetic form
first tercet repeated alternately at the end of each subsequent stanza until the last stanza, which includes both repeated lines. The villanelle is an example
Villanelle
the House of Commons." These lines refer to the Earl:- This stanza was suppressed in Burns' first editions, even though it was well known that Sodger Hugh
Robert Burns and the Eglinton Estate
Robert_Burns_and_the_Eglinton_Estate
version of Robert Burns' life and work and poets who fixated on the "Burns stanza" as a form. William Tennant's (1784–1848) "Anster Fair" (1812) produced
Scottish literature in the nineteenth century
Scottish_literature_in_the_nineteenth_century
1785 poem by Robert Burns
is included in the Kilmarnock Edition. It is one of Burns' longer poems, with twenty-eight stanzas, and employs a mixture of Scots and English. The poet
Halloween_(poem)
his work of the Commando Memorial. Ayr – statue in Burns Statue Square. Seated statue of Robert Burns and his dog Luath. To mark the opening of the central
List of Robert Burns memorials
List_of_Robert_Burns_memorials
Collection of poems, letters, songs and observations
Glenriddell Manuscripts Robert Burns's Interleaved Scots Musical Museum The Geddes Burns Robert Burns World Federation Burns Clubs Poetry portal Scotland
Robert Burns's Commonplace Book 1783–1785
Robert_Burns's_Commonplace_Book_1783–1785
Rainbow bridge between Asgard and Midgard
Just-As-High quotes the second of the two stanzas in Grímnismál that mention the bridge (see above). Gangleri asks if fire burns over Bifröst. High says that the
Bifröst
Norse god of wisdom
the Slain's [Odin] wager." Stanza 46 describes that, in reference to Ragnarök, the "sons" of Mím are at play while "fate burns" (though no further information
Mímir
unveiled at the Burns House Museum in Mauchline by Charles Cowie and possession handed to the Glasgow and District Burns Association. Burns is thought to
Gavin_Hamilton_(lawyer)
Shield in Nordic mythology
Grímnismál (ON), Stanza 37 & 38. Orchard 2011, p. 56, Grímnismál: The lay of Grímnir, stanza 37 & 38. Bellows 2004, Grimnismol stanza 37 & 38. Dronke 2011
Svalinn
Form of literature
poetry, stanzas are interlocking, so that the rhyming scheme or other structural elements of one stanza determine those of succeeding stanzas. Examples
Poetry
Daughter of the poet Robert Burns
Elizabeth Burns, Elizabeth Park or Mrs John Thomson known as Betty Burns, was born in 1791 in Leith, Scotland. She was the illegitimate daughter of Robert
Elizabeth_'Betty'_Burns
1794 poem and song by Robert Burns
Boat-mans Delight", which dates to the 1690s. Midway through the ballad, Burns' first stanza can be found almost verbatim: "Her Cheeks are like the Roses, that
A_Red,_Red_Rose
God among the Vanir in Norse mythology
the wise Vanir. In stanza 16 of the poem Grímnismál, Njörðr is described as having a hall in Nóatún made for himself. The stanza describes Njörðr as
Njörðr
1850 poem by Tennyson
Law Lushington, in 1842. Written in iambic tetrameter (four-line ABBA stanzas), the poetical metre of In Memoriam A.H.H. creates the tonal effects of
In_Memoriam_A.H.H.
Patriotic song with lyrics by Robert Burns
but Thomson preferred the tune "Lewie Gordon", and had Burns add to the fourth line of each stanza, to suit. In the 1802 edition, the original words and
Scots_Wha_Hae
1840 song cycle by Robert Schumann
of "The Highland Widow's Lament" by Burns. It is the first in a narrative set, continued in the third book, of Burns songs about highland life, though this
Myrthen
Norse goddess
locations. Odin mentions the location Þrymheimr sixth in a single stanza. In the stanza, Odin details that the jötunn Þjazi once lived there, and that now
Skaði
Monstrous wolf in Norse mythology
literature. Fenrir is mentioned in three stanzas of the poem Völuspá and in two stanzas of the poem Vafþrúðnismál. In stanza 40 of the poem Völuspá, a völva divulges
Fenrir
English folk song
structure, with each verse built up from the previous one by appending a new stanza. The first verse is: I'll sing you one, O Green grow the rushes, O What
Green_Grow_the_Rushes,_O
traditions of poetry Prosody: the principles of metrical structure in poetry Stanza: a group of lines forming the basic recurring metrical unit in a poem. (cf
Glossary_of_poetry_terms
American drinking song found in many variants. The drink varies from stanza to stanza but the common refrain is "Drink it down ! Drink it down !" In Charles
Drink_It_Down
Poem by Robert Burns
down by the plough and why Burns was taken with this particular specimen is a mystery. In a similar way from To a Mouse, Burns compares the daisy's fate
To_a_Mountain_Daisy
chores. Curtis is enjoying the simple life. He sings the "Wooly Boogie Bee" stanza from "Apple on a Tree" for everyone while on a picnic. Back in the boardroom
List of Petticoat Junction episodes
List_of_Petticoat_Junction_episodes
Latin sequence and liturgical hymn
penultimate stanza, Lacrimosa, discards the consistent scheme of rhyming triplets in favour of a pair of rhyming couplets. The last stanza, Pie Iesu, abandons
Dies_irae
Song from The Tempest by William Shakespeare
Scene ii of Act I of William Shakespeare's The Tempest. It consists of two stanzas to be delivered by the spirit Ariel, in the hearing of Ferdinand. In performance
Ariel's_Song
In Norse mythology, the first war in the world between the Æsir and Vanir
burned her, Three times burned, | and three times born, Oft and again, | yet ever she lives. — Henry Adams Bellows translation In the second stanza,
Æsir–Vanir_War
1899 poem by Paul Laurence Dunbar
cage. Finally, the third stanza is about, as Burns notes, "the nature of the bird's song", as a "prayer for freedom." Every stanza begins and ends with a
Sympathy_(poem)
George Fury in 1978 and 1979 in the Datsun Stanza and Ross Dunkerton who won the 1980 rally driving a Stanza. There were many famous international rally
Southern_Cross_Rally
Epic poem attributed to Homer
oral Homeric style – "stock epithets" and "reiteration" (words, phrases, stanzas) – established that these formulae were artifacts of oral tradition easily
Iliad
Widely revered deity in Germanic mythology
this stanza, ōs (Latin 'mouth') is a homophone for Old English os, a particularly heathen word for 'god'. Due to this and the content of the stanzas, several
Odin
Mediaeval work of Welsh-language poetry
ground, Rain wets it not, heat burns it not It contained twenty gifts It bears in its branches Lleu of the Skilfull Hand. Stanza 3 Dar a dyf dan anwaeret,
Englynion_Gwydion
Queen of England (1464–1470; 1471–1483)
is a complex six-stanza poem with rhyme scheme ABABBAA, an "elaboration of the sestina", in which the seventh line of each stanza is the same as its
Elizabeth_Woodville
Irish cigarette brand
celebrate the link between Dundalk and the national poet of Scotland, Robert Burns. Burns' eldest sister, Agnes, lived in Dundalk from 1817 until her death in
Sweet_Afton_(cigarette)
Christian hymn written by Maltbie Davenport Babcock
with each verse corresponding to two stanzas in the poem. An example (from the United Methodist Hymnal) uses stanzas 2-5, 14, and 16: This is my Father's
This_Is_My_Father's_World
Attribution of human emotion and conduct to non-human things
from beginning to end of it, a single poetical expression, except in one stanza. ... [I]n the very presence of death, for an instant, his own emotions conquer
Pathetic_fallacy
English poet (c. 1552–1599)
distinctive verse form, called the Spenserian stanza, in several works, including The Faerie Queene. The stanza's main metre is iambic pentameter with a final
Edmund_Spenser
Hammer of the god Thor in Norse mythology
eddic poems Vafþrúðnismál, Hymiskviða, Lokasenna, and Þrymskviða. In a stanza from Vafþrúðnismál, the wise jötunn Vafþrúðnir tells the disguised god Odin
Mjölnir
Norse mythical character
he will go and wage war and defeat all the gods and burn the whole world with fire". The stanza from Völuspá that foretells Surtr moving from the south
Surtr
1774 song by Robert Burns
in the strain of the second stanza, but the rest is mostly an expletive. Burns wrote that The thoughts in the fifth stanza come finely up to my favourite
Handsome_Nell
Alabama, adopted in 1923; translated into Latin from a paraphrase of the stanza "Men who their duties know / But know their rights, and knowing, dare maintain"
List_of_Latin_phrases_(full)
Annotated version of 18th-century publication
the Burns Monument were contacted with view to a sale that was settled on £5500, a then record sum for a Burns work. Cromek had published Burn's and Riddell's
Robert Burns's Interleaved Scots Musical Museum
Robert_Burns's_Interleaved_Scots_Musical_Museum
Verse set to music
have no prescribed structure and may vary in their number of lines and stanzas, many ballads employ quatrains with A B C B {\displaystyle \mathrm {ABCB}
Ballad
2012 American film
big love by Jonathan Zarantonello, The Butterfly Room succeeds as a slow-burn and moody psychological thriller reminiscent of the best of the 1970s (though
The_Butterfly_Room
Scottish traditional song
Robert Burns wrote "Auld Lang Syne". Exact lyrics vary between modern arrangements, but they include most, if not all, of the following stanzas appearing
The_Parting_Glass
Yiddish song by M.M. Warshawsky
as such it is a major musical memory of pre-Holocaust Europe. The fourth stanza introduces tragic pathos into the song: "When, children, you will grow older
Oyfn_Pripetshik
Fictional location in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium
Marjorie Burns writes that one of the female Vala, Varda (Elbereth to the Elves) is sung to by the Elf-queen of Middle-earth Galadriel. Burns notes that
Valinor
Metric line consisting of five iambic feet
including blank verse, the heroic couplet, and some of the traditionally rhymed stanza forms. William Shakespeare famously used iambic pentameter in his plays
Iambic_pentameter
1792 song by Robert Burns
composed in 1792 by Scottish poet Robert Burns. It is one of three works dedicated to Mary Campbell, with whom Burns was in love in the 1780s. The others
Highland_Mary
Police station in Johannesburg, South Africa
An inquest in June 1983 found no-one criminally liable for his death. Stanza Bopape was arrested on 10 June 1988 and went missing thereafter. The police
Johannesburg Central Police Station
Johannesburg_Central_Police_Station
Rhyming game
content the good Laird of Craigubble." Each stanza in the poem has the rhyme scheme ABCB, and every stanza ends with "the Laird of Craigubble". Karl Marx
Crambo
Nursery rhyme
19th century. The nine-stanza poem appeared in an 1827 issue of Blackwood's Magazine. Titled "To The Lady Bird", the first stanza reads Lady-bird, Lady-bird
Ladybird,_Ladybird
Single metrical line in a poetic composition
poetic composition, with groupings traditionally having been referred to as stanzas. Verse in the uncountable (mass noun) sense refers to poetry in contrast
Verse_(poetry)
15th century French patriotic lyrical verse
The prologue is composed of 12 stanzas, followed by 46 stanzas which comprise the main story, and ending with stanzas 60 and 61, which serve as a conclusion
The_Tale_of_Joan_of_Arc
18th-century Christian hymn by Charles Wesley
every Methodist hymnbook since 1780. In its original form, it had fourteen stanzas, but it is rarely sung in its entirety. The hymn is commonly described
Come, O thou Traveller unknown
Come,_O_thou_Traveller_unknown
Japanese poetry form
Japanese genre of poetry called renga. These haiku written as an opening stanza were known as hokku and over time they began to be written as stand-alone
Haiku
Dead warriors of Norse mythology
century skald Eyvindr skáldaspillir) as collected in Heimskringla, and a stanza of an anonymous 10th century poem commemorating the death of Eric Bloodaxe
Einherjar
Lyric poem by William Wordsworth composed in 1802
mountain-side", a reference to Robert Burns, who died at the age of 37 after an extended illness. The poem concludes in stanzas VIII–XX with Wordsworth meeting
Resolution_and_Independence
Town hall of Florence, Italy
prominent place in this room in 1988. A door in the east wall leads to the Stanza della Guardaroba (Hall of Geographical Maps). This door is flanked by two
Palazzo_Vecchio
it to be "uninteresting". As written by Nairne, the lyrics are in seven stanzas. The song is set to the tune of "O when she cam' ben, she bobbit", a song
The_Laird_o'_Cockpen
2007 novel by Khalid Hosseini
the phrase 'a thousand splendid suns,' which appears in the next-to-last stanza." When asked what led him to write a novel centered on two Afghan women
A_Thousand_Splendid_Suns
Ancient Greek lyric poet (c. 630–c. 570 BC)
of Sappho's poetry as a part of Latin literature, adopting the Sapphic stanza, believed in antiquity to have been invented by Sappho, giving his lover
Sappho
1925 poem by T. S. Eliot
Mulberry Bush" are written until this devolution of style ends with the final stanza, maybe the most quoted of Eliot's poetry: This is the way the world ends
The_Hollow_Men
the competition. George Fury and navigator Monty Suffern in the Datsun Stanza won the 1980 Championship. The 13th Australian Rally Championship was held
1980 Australian Rally Championship
1980_Australian_Rally_Championship
Large family car
for the markets in Japan and Europe. In Japan, it replaced the Auster/Stanza, and was exclusive to Nissan Prince Store locations. In North America, it
Nissan_Primera
Canadian poet
popular by Robert Burns. The Literary History of Canada describes Murdoch's poems as having "style and polish" and it cites the following stanza as representative:
William_Murdoch_(poet)
Copy of Burns's published poems with extra pages and poems in the poet's own hand
Robert Burns's Commonplace Book 1783–1785 Robert Burns World Federation Burns Clubs Scotland portal Young, Allan (2017). The Kilmarnock Burns. A Census
The_Dunlop_Burns
17th-century Scottish poet
the popular six-lined stanza which was much used later by Allan Ramsay, Robert Fergusson and Robert Burns (see particularly, Burns's Poor Mailie's Elegy)
Robert_Sempill_the_younger
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