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BRACERO PROGRAM

  • Bracero Program
  • 1942–1964 migrant worker program

    The Bracero Program (from the Spanish term bracero [bɾaˈse.ɾo], meaning "manual laborer" or "one who works using his arms") was a temporary labor initiative

    Bracero Program

    Bracero Program

    Bracero_Program

  • Operation Wetback
  • 1950s U.S. immigration law enforcement initiative

    would be legalized as Braceros instead of deported. The final phase lasted from 1955 to 1964 and thus saw the end of the Bracero Program. The paradoxical nature

    Operation Wetback

    Operation Wetback

    Operation_Wetback

  • Guest worker program
  • Temporary program for foreign workers

    include the Bracero Program, enacted during World War II; attempts by the George W. Bush administration; and the current H-2A and H-2B visa programs. However

    Guest worker program

    Guest_worker_program

  • Mexico during World War II
  • Koestler, Fred L. "Bracero Program". tshaonline.org. Retrieved November 1, 2023. Calavita, Kitty (1992). Inside the State: The Bracero Program, Immigration

    Mexico during World War II

    Mexico during World War II

    Mexico_during_World_War_II

  • Chicano
  • Ethnic identity of some Mexican Americans

    worked to legislate for (1) a Mexican guest workers program, which would become the Bracero program, (2) laws prohibiting strike activity, and (3) military

    Chicano

    Chicano

    Chicano

  • Coyote (person)
  • Migrant smuggler

    labour-brokerage coyote, by implementing the Bracero Program in 1942. The popularity of the Bracero Program resulted in a greater Mexican demand for guest-worker

    Coyote (person)

    Coyote (person)

    Coyote_(person)

  • Chualar train-bus collision
  • Train and bus crash in California on September 17, 1963

    was a factor in the decision by Congress in 1964 to terminate the bracero program, despite its strong support among farmers. It also helped spur the

    Chualar train-bus collision

    Chualar train-bus collision

    Chualar_train-bus_collision

  • Emigration from Mexico
  • Mexicans moving abroad

    have changed over the years as laws and programs such as the U.S. Immigration Act of 1996, the Bracero Program, and the Immigration Reform and Control

    Emigration from Mexico

    Emigration from Mexico

    Emigration_from_Mexico

  • History of Mexican Americans
  • "Bracero Program". Encyclopedia of the Great Plain. University of Nebraska–Lincoln. Retrieved 30 December 2020. Koestler, Fred L. "Bracero Program".

    History of Mexican Americans

    History of Mexican Americans

    History_of_Mexican_Americans

  • Brownface
  • Racial impersonation

    like brownface. The Bracero Program of 1942 serves as another possible explanation for the emergence of brownface. This program was an agreement between

    Brownface

    Brownface

    Brownface

  • Dolores Huerta
  • American labor leader (born 1930)

    and health coverage to farm workers while opposing the controversial Bracero Program. She also advocated for neighborhood improvement projects, taught citizenship

    Dolores Huerta

    Dolores Huerta

    Dolores_Huerta

  • Mexican Americans
  • Americans of Mexican ancestry

    period of increased migration is known as the Bracero Era from 1942 to 1964. This referred to the Bracero program implemented by the United States beginning

    Mexican Americans

    Mexican Americans

    Mexican_Americans

  • United Farm Workers
  • American trade union

    of the UFW, fought the Bracero Program that existed from 1942 to 1964. Their opposition was due to their belief that the program undermined US workers

    United Farm Workers

    United Farm Workers

    United_Farm_Workers

  • Maquiladora
  • Tariff-free factory in Latin America

    Industrialization Program'). Specific programs and laws have made Mexico's maquila industry grow rapidly. From 1942 to 1964, the Bracero program allowed men

    Maquiladora

    Maquiladora

    Maquiladora

  • Deportation from the United States
  • Process of expelling foreigners from the United States

    the demand for cheap agricultural labor led to the creation of the Bracero Program (1942–1964), a series of binational agreements that brought millions

    Deportation from the United States

    Deportation from the United States

    Deportation_from_the_United_States

  • Sleepy Lagoon murder
  • 1942 Los Angeles murder case

    further contributed to the agricultural labor shortage, leading to the Bracero Program, where Mexican citizens were brought into the United States under work

    Sleepy Lagoon murder

    Sleepy Lagoon murder

    Sleepy_Lagoon_murder

  • Bracero Selection Process
  • and U.S. processing centers. The selection of bracero workers was a key aspect of the bracero program between the United States and Mexico, which began

    Bracero Selection Process

    Bracero_Selection_Process

  • Ernesto Galarza
  • Mexican-American labor organizer, activist and professor

    Bracero Program". Journal of Policy History. 29 (3): 431–461. doi:10.1017/S0898030617000185. ISSN 0898-0306. Mandeel, Elizabeth. "The Bracero Program

    Ernesto Galarza

    Ernesto_Galarza

  • Zoot Suit Riots
  • 1943 anti-Latino race riot by US servicemen in Los Angeles

    Mexicans and Puerto Ricans were contracted by the United States under the Bracero Program to alleviate the labor shortage caused by WWII. Gregory, Alice (April

    Zoot Suit Riots

    Zoot Suit Riots

    Zoot_Suit_Riots

  • Salinas Valley
  • Valley in Monterey County, California, US

    serious road accident in U.S. history, and helped spur abolition of the bracero program.[citation needed] Agriculture dominates the economy of the valley.

    Salinas Valley

    Salinas Valley

    Salinas_Valley

  • Mexican Repatriation
  • Mass repatriation during the Great Depression

    (1948) Operation Wetback (1954) Chandler Roundup (1997) Bracero Program Repatriation flight program Immigration to Mexico Nava, Julian; Hoffman, Abraham

    Mexican Repatriation

    Mexican Repatriation

    Mexican_Repatriation

  • The "Mexican Problem"
  • government to place more emphasis on the Bracero Program so there would be less exploitation. Both the Bracero Program and the number of undocumented workers

    The "Mexican Problem"

    The

    The_"Mexican_Problem"

  • Pachuco
  • Anti-assimilationist Chicano counterculture

    Pre-Chicano Movement 1917 Bath riots Bisbee Deportation Bloody Christmas Bracero program California agricultural strikes Cantaloupe strike of 1928 Citrus Strike

    Pachuco

    Pachuco

    Pachuco

  • Chicano rock
  • Rock music performed by Chicano groups

    on June 24, 2019. "Chicano Rock!|The Sounds of East Los Angeles". PBS Programs - PBS. Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. "Fifty years later

    Chicano rock

    Chicano rock

    Chicano_rock

  • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
  • 1848 agreement ending the Mexican–American War (1846-1848)

    Pre-Chicano Movement 1917 Bath riots Bisbee Deportation Bloody Christmas Bracero program California agricultural strikes Cantaloupe strike of 1928 Citrus Strike

    Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

    Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

    Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo

  • Cholo (subculture)
  • Mexican-American subculture

    Pre-Chicano Movement 1917 Bath riots Bisbee Deportation Bloody Christmas Bracero program California agricultural strikes Cantaloupe strike of 1928 Citrus Strike

    Cholo (subculture)

    Cholo (subculture)

    Cholo_(subculture)

  • Ciudad Juárez
  • City in Chihuahua, Mexico

    due in part to the newly established maquiladoras. The end of the Bracero Program also brought workers back from border cities in the U.S. through Ciudad

    Ciudad Juárez

    Ciudad Juárez

    Ciudad_Juárez

  • Bracero Monument
  • Monument in Los Angeles, California, U.S.

    Los Angeles, California, honoring the participants of the Bracero program. The Bracero program was an initiative that operated from 1942 to 1964 which brough

    Bracero Monument

    Bracero_Monument

  • Illegal immigration to the United States
  • Immigration to the United States in violation of US law

    present in the United States is the termination of the Bracero Program. This bi-national program between the US and Mexico existed from 1942 to 1964 to

    Illegal immigration to the United States

    Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States

  • Southern Pacific Railroad
  • United States Class I railroad (1865–1996)

    California, killing 32 bracero workers. It would later be a factor in the decision by Congress in 1964 to terminate the bracero program, despite its strong

    Southern Pacific Railroad

    Southern Pacific Railroad

    Southern_Pacific_Railroad

  • Deportations of U.S. citizens in the second Trump administration
  • but that the rates will increase under Trump's immigrant deportation program. The American Immigration Lawyers Association states that ICE and CBP have

    Deportations of U.S. citizens in the second Trump administration

    Deportations of U.S. citizens in the second Trump administration

    Deportations_of_U.S._citizens_in_the_second_Trump_administration

  • Sullivan's Island, South Carolina
  • Town in South Carolina, United States

    of 1934 Filipino Repatriation Act of 1935 Nationality Act of 1940 Bracero Program (1942–1964) Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943 War Brides Act of

    Sullivan's Island, South Carolina

    Sullivan's Island, South Carolina

    Sullivan's_Island,_South_Carolina

  • Rio Vista Bracero Reception Center
  • Historic Landmark in Texas, United States

    Rio Vista Bracero Reception Center is a historic farm site in Socorro, Texas, that served orphaned children and homeless adults of mostly Hispanic descent

    Rio Vista Bracero Reception Center

    Rio Vista Bracero Reception Center

    Rio_Vista_Bracero_Reception_Center

  • Aztlán
  • Legendary ancestral home of the Aztec

    Pre-Chicano Movement 1917 Bath riots Bisbee Deportation Bloody Christmas Bracero program California agricultural strikes Cantaloupe strike of 1928 Citrus Strike

    Aztlán

    Aztlán

    Aztlán

  • Institutional racism in the United States
  • Societal factor

    Wetback in 1954 in cooperation with the Mexican government. While the Bracero program was in force, the INS deported one million Mexicans starting in 1954

    Institutional racism in the United States

    Institutional racism in the United States

    Institutional_racism_in_the_United_States

  • Miguel Contreras
  • American labor union leader (1952–2005)

    parents who had immigrated from Mexico during the 1920s under the Bracero Program. After meeting Cesar Chávez at a rally for Robert F. Kennedy in the

    Miguel Contreras

    Miguel Contreras

    Miguel_Contreras

  • Tejano music
  • Music genre fusing Mexican and European influences

    Pre-Chicano Movement 1917 Bath riots Bisbee Deportation Bloody Christmas Bracero program California agricultural strikes Cantaloupe strike of 1928 Citrus Strike

    Tejano music

    Tejano_music

  • Brown Berets
  • American Chicano rights organization

    Pre-Chicano Movement 1917 Bath riots Bisbee Deportation Bloody Christmas Bracero program California agricultural strikes Cantaloupe strike of 1928 Citrus Strike

    Brown Berets

    Brown_Berets

  • Henry Pope Anderson
  • Farm labor union organizer, activist, author, and historian

    activist, author, and historian. He studied the Bracero program (an agricultural guest-worker program) as a graduate student in Public Health at the University

    Henry Pope Anderson

    Henry_Pope_Anderson

  • Lowrider
  • Customized car with a lowered body

    Pre-Chicano Movement 1917 Bath riots Bisbee Deportation Bloody Christmas Bracero program California agricultural strikes Cantaloupe strike of 1928 Citrus Strike

    Lowrider

    Lowrider

    Lowrider

  • Opposition to immigration
  • Being opposed to non-citizens entering another country

    the UFW, fought the Bracero Program that existed from 1942 to 1964. Their opposition stemmed from their belief that the program undermined U.S. workers

    Opposition to immigration

    Opposition_to_immigration

  • Guess (company)
  • American clothing line brand

    L.; Swords, Alicia C. S. (2010). Consuming Mexican Labor: From the Bracero Program to NAFTA. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-1-4426-0158-1

    Guess (company)

    Guess (company)

    Guess_(company)

  • La Raza
  • Race philosophy

    Pre-Chicano Movement 1917 Bath riots Bisbee Deportation Bloody Christmas Bracero program California agricultural strikes Cantaloupe strike of 1928 Citrus Strike

    La Raza

    La Raza

    La_Raza

  • East L.A. walkouts
  • 1968 protests by Chicano students

    methods currently being employed in this program. If this high standard cannot be met, the Industrial Arts program will be de-emphasized. New high schools

    East L.A. walkouts

    East L.A. walkouts

    East_L.A._walkouts

  • Sweatshop
  • Workplace that has socially unacceptable working conditions

    higher paying jobs. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, the Bracero Program, the 1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China, and the Fall of Saigon led

    Sweatshop

    Sweatshop

    Sweatshop

  • Anti-Mexican sentiment
  • Prejudice against Mexico

    the Great Depression, the US government sponsored Mexican Repatriation programs, which were intended to pressure people to move to Mexico, but many were

    Anti-Mexican sentiment

    Anti-Mexican sentiment

    Anti-Mexican_sentiment

  • League of United Latin American Citizens
  • American organization

    forces. LULAC campaigned against the Emergency Farm Labor Program (also known as the Bracero Program), which began in 1942 to fill the farm-labor shortage

    League of United Latin American Citizens

    League of United Latin American Citizens

    League_of_United_Latin_American_Citizens

  • Mendez v. Westminster
  • 1947 US appeals court case

    and year (link) USPS (October 25, 2006), The 2007 Commemorative Stamp Program Archived 2006-10-31 at the Wayback Machine, usps.com "Mendez vs. segregation:

    Mendez v. Westminster

    Mendez v. Westminster

    Mendez_v._Westminster

  • Indentured servitude
  • Consensual or punitive unpaid labor

    extended servitude to cover peonage as well as Involuntary Servitude. Bracero program Coolie Debt Bondage English Poor Laws Human trafficking Home Children

    Indentured servitude

    Indentured servitude

    Indentured_servitude

  • Chicano Movement
  • Social and political movement combating racism in the United States

    smelters' strike 1917 Bath riots Bisbee Deportation Bloody Christmas Bracero program Cantaloupe strike of 1928 California agricultural strikes Citrus Strike

    Chicano Movement

    Chicano Movement

    Chicano_Movement

  • Utah-Idaho Sugar Company
  • Sugar and beet processor owned by the LDS Church

    paid at prevailing wages. Temporary labor was also provided by the Bracero Program, 700 in 1944, 1100 in 1945 in Utah. German and Italian war prisoners

    Utah-Idaho Sugar Company

    Utah-Idaho_Sugar_Company

  • The House on Mango Street
  • 1984 novel by Sandra Cisneros

    Chautauqua Theater Company, the Charlotte Ballet and the Chautauqua Voice Program. On January 22, 2020, Deadline Hollywood reported that The House on Mango

    The House on Mango Street

    The_House_on_Mango_Street

  • Estrada Courts
  • Housing project

    war-industry work, followed by the return of servicemen to the region and the Bracero program. Of the original 30 buildings, 214 units were reserved for defense

    Estrada Courts

    Estrada Courts

    Estrada_Courts

  • Martha's Vineyard migrant airlift
  • 2022 US political event

    of 1934 Filipino Repatriation Act of 1935 Nationality Act of 1940 Bracero Program (1942–1964) Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943 War Brides Act of

    Martha's Vineyard migrant airlift

    Martha's_Vineyard_migrant_airlift

  • History of Mexico
  • World War II. With so many draftees, the U.S. needed farm workers. The Bracero Program allowed 290,000 Mexicans to work temporarily on American farms, especially

    History of Mexico

    History of Mexico

    History_of_Mexico

  • List of traffic collisions (before 2000)
  • Town Full of Dead Mexicans: The Salinas Valley Bracero Tragedy of 1963, the End of the Bracero Program, and the Evolution of California's Chicano Movement"

    List of traffic collisions (before 2000)

    List_of_traffic_collisions_(before_2000)

  • Pachucas
  • Female Mexican–American subculture

    were not seen as much compared to Pachucos, but in 2002 song titled, "El Bracero y La Pachuca", composed by Dueto Taxo and Mariachi Los Caporales del Norte

    Pachucas

    Pachucas

    Pachucas

  • List of American railroad accidents
  • Town Full of Dead Mexicans: The Salinas Valley Bracero Tragedy of 1963, the End of the Bracero Program, and the Evolution of California's Chicano Movement"

    List of American railroad accidents

    List_of_American_railroad_accidents

  • History of immigration to the United States
  • in an attempt to deter illegal immigration, the Bracero Program was created. This was a U.S.-run program working jointly with Mexico's government from 1942

    History of immigration to the United States

    History of immigration to the United States

    History_of_immigration_to_the_United_States

  • Civil Rights Act of 1866
  • U.S. law defining citizenship and equal protection

    of 1934 Filipino Repatriation Act of 1935 Nationality Act of 1940 Bracero Program (1942–1964) Chinese Exclusion Repeal Act of 1943 War Brides Act of

    Civil Rights Act of 1866

    Civil Rights Act of 1866

    Civil_Rights_Act_of_1866

  • Deportation in the second Trump administration
  • American government policy since 2025

    urgent medical needs". The administration has focused its catch and revoke program on foreign students who have engaged in pro-Palestinian speech, characterizing

    Deportation in the second Trump administration

    Deportation in the second Trump administration

    Deportation_in_the_second_Trump_administration

  • Plyler v. Doe
  • 1982 United States Supreme Court case

    Pre-Chicano Movement 1917 Bath riots Bisbee Deportation Bloody Christmas Bracero program California agricultural strikes Cantaloupe strike of 1928 Citrus Strike

    Plyler v. Doe

    Plyler_v._Doe

  • Chicano literature
  • Aspect of Mexican-American literature

    Pre-Chicano Movement 1917 Bath riots Bisbee Deportation Bloody Christmas Bracero program California agricultural strikes Cantaloupe strike of 1928 Citrus Strike

    Chicano literature

    Chicano literature

    Chicano_literature

  • Raza Unida Party
  • Southwestern U.S. political party (1970–1978)

    gringo he meant "a person or institution that has a certain policy or program, or attitudes that reflect bigotry, racism, discord, prejudice, and violence"

    Raza Unida Party

    Raza Unida Party

    Raza_Unida_Party

  • Punjabi Mexican Americans
  • Americans descended from Punjabis who initially immigrated to Mexico

    Pre-Chicano Movement 1917 Bath riots Bisbee Deportation Bloody Christmas Bracero program California agricultural strikes Cantaloupe strike of 1928 Citrus Strike

    Punjabi Mexican Americans

    Punjabi Mexican Americans

    Punjabi_Mexican_Americans

  • Madera, California
  • City in California, United States

    and alfalfa. The post-war years brought new labor forces through the Bracero Program and subsequent unionization efforts that shaped Central Valley farm

    Madera, California

    Madera, California

    Madera,_California

  • Mexican-American cuisine
  • Culinary traditions of Mexican Americans

    farther north to states in the Midwest. Later government programs such as the Bracero Program (1942-1964) led to the temporary employment of millions of

    Mexican-American cuisine

    Mexican-American cuisine

    Mexican-American_cuisine

  • Chicano studies
  • Scholarly field

    concentration have a formal Chicano/a studies department or interdisciplinary program. Providing Chicano studies to Chicano students has helped these students

    Chicano studies

    Chicano_studies

  • Rudy Chapa
  • American runner

    His father Rodolfo Sr. moved to the US as a mechanic through the Bracero program. While attending Hammond High School in Hammond, Indiana, Rudy Chapa

    Rudy Chapa

    Rudy_Chapa

  • The Dirty Girls Social Club
  • 2003 novel by Alisa Valdes-Rodriguez

    Pre-Chicano Movement 1917 Bath riots Bisbee Deportation Bloody Christmas Bracero program California agricultural strikes Cantaloupe strike of 1928 Citrus Strike

    The Dirty Girls Social Club

    The_Dirty_Girls_Social_Club

  • Executive Order 8802
  • 1941 United States executive order by President Franklin Roosevelt

    Policy. Moreover, though workplace discrimination took place in the Bracero Program as well, concerns were ignored for similar reasons. Second generation

    Executive Order 8802

    Executive Order 8802

    Executive_Order_8802

  • Hernandez v. Texas
  • 1954 United States Supreme Court case

    Pre-Chicano Movement 1917 Bath riots Bisbee Deportation Bloody Christmas Bracero program California agricultural strikes Cantaloupe strike of 1928 Citrus Strike

    Hernandez v. Texas

    Hernandez_v._Texas

  • Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza
  • 1987 book by Gloria Anzaldúa

    University of Texas- Pan American. From there, she went onto a master's program at the University of Texas-Austin and graduated with her master's in English

    Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza

    Borderlands/La_Frontera:_The_New_Mestiza

  • History of Mexico–United States relations
  • importantly implemented a labor agreement with Mexico, known as the Bracero Program. Mexican agricultural workers were brought under contract to the U

    History of Mexico–United States relations

    History_of_Mexico–United_States_relations

  • Philip Vera Cruz
  • American labor leader (1904–1994)

    phase out in favor of the importation of cheaper, Mexican workers. The Bracero Program, active from 1942 to 1964, was the codification of that agenda. Strikers

    Philip Vera Cruz

    Philip_Vera_Cruz

  • History of Texas
  • never to return to agriculture. Texas needed more farm workers. The Bracero Program brought in 117,000 Mexicans to work temporarily. Existing military

    History of Texas

    History of Texas

    History_of_Texas

  • Mexicali
  • Capital city of Baja California, Mexico

    year. The first factories appeared in the 1960s with the end of the Bracero program. A 1988 study found 100 factories in the city, including 10 electronics

    Mexicali

    Mexicali

    Mexicali

  • Northern Mexico
  • Cultural region of Mexico

    L.; Swords, Alicia C. S. (2010). Consuming Mexican Labor: From the Bracero Program to NAFTA. University of Toronto Press. p. 175. ISBN 9781442601581.

    Northern Mexico

    Northern Mexico

    Northern_Mexico

  • MEChA
  • American organization

    a network to pressure the adoption and expansion of equal opportunity programs in California's colleges. Rene Nuñez, an activist from San Diego who participated

    MEChA

    MEChA

  • Manuel Ávila Camacho
  • President of Mexico from 1940 to 1946

    material for the conflict and also 300,000 guest workers under the Bracero program to replace some of the Americans who had left to fight in the war.

    Manuel Ávila Camacho

    Manuel Ávila Camacho

    Manuel_Ávila_Camacho

  • Center for Immigration Studies
  • American anti-immigration non-profit think tank

    "proportion of immigrant-headed households using at least one major welfare program is 33 percent, compared to 19 percent for native households." Wayne A.

    Center for Immigration Studies

    Center_for_Immigration_Studies

  • Italian diaspora
  • Italian people and their descendants living outside Italy

    Italian-Mexican descent were granted citizenship in the United States under the Bracero program to address a labor shortage. Italian companies have invested in Mexico

    Italian diaspora

    Italian diaspora

    Italian_diaspora

  • Alebrije
  • Mexican folk art sculptures

    various periods working as an agricultural laborer in the Bracero Program. When this program ended, Santiago found that he could not support his family

    Alebrije

    Alebrije

    Alebrije

  • Deportation
  • Expulsion of a person or group from a place or country

    Operation Wetback temporarily relieved national hysteria, criticism of the Bracero program mounted."); David G. Gutiérrez, Walls and Mirrors: Mexican Americans

    Deportation

    Deportation

    Deportation

  • Mexican miracle
  • Term for Mexico's economic growth, 1954–1970

    the side of the Allies. Mexico supplied labor to the U.S. via the Bracero Program, but its most significant contribution was in its supply of material

    Mexican miracle

    Mexican miracle

    Mexican_miracle

  • United States home front during World War II
  • these farms, too. The Bracero Program, a bi-national labor agreement between Mexico and the US, started in 1942. Some 290,000 braceros ("strong arm", in Spanish)

    United States home front during World War II

    United States home front during World War II

    United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II

  • Abrazos, no balazos
  • Mexican anti-war slogan

    Pre-Chicano Movement 1917 Bath riots Bisbee Deportation Bloody Christmas Bracero program California agricultural strikes Cantaloupe strike of 1928 Citrus Strike

    Abrazos, no balazos

    Abrazos,_no_balazos

  • Internment of Japanese Americans
  • Mass incarceration in the U.S. during WWII

    States to fill these jobs, under the banner of what became known as the Bracero Program. Many Japanese detainees were temporarily released from their camps

    Internment of Japanese Americans

    Internment of Japanese Americans

    Internment_of_Japanese_Americans

  • Bloody Christmas (1951)
  • Police scandal in Los Angeles

    the raising of entrance standards, the creation of rigorous training programs, and better pay for officers. Police autonomy was already guaranteed in

    Bloody Christmas (1951)

    Bloody_Christmas_(1951)

  • Mexican-American folklore
  • Folklore written or spoken by Mexican Americans

    Mexican man who, during WWII, came to the US for farm work under the Bracero program. Throughout the story he finds himself in awkward situations where

    Mexican-American folklore

    Mexican-American_folklore

  • Latin America
  • Region of the Americas

    (1926–29); during World War II, Mexican men worked in the U.S. in the bracero program. Economic migration from Mexico followed the crash of the Mexican economy

    Latin America

    Latin America

    Latin_America

  • Mexico–United States border
  • International border in North America

    L.; Swords, Alicia C. S. (2010). Consuming Mexican Labor: From the Bracero Program to NAFTA. University of Toronto Press. p. 175. ISBN 978-1-4426-0158-1

    Mexico–United States border

    Mexico–United States border

    Mexico–United_States_border

  • Alianza Federal de Mercedes
  • Federal Land Grant Alliance of the 1960s that fought for Chicano New Mexicans

    Pre-Chicano Movement 1917 Bath riots Bisbee Deportation Bloody Christmas Bracero program California agricultural strikes Cantaloupe strike of 1928 Citrus Strike

    Alianza Federal de Mercedes

    Alianza_Federal_de_Mercedes

  • Chicano rap
  • Music genre

    major crossover and received heavy rotation on radio stations and video programs not directly related to Chicano rap music. This widely successful artist

    Chicano rap

    Chicano_rap

  • Brown-eyed soul
  • Soul music genre

    Pre-Chicano Movement 1917 Bath riots Bisbee Deportation Bloody Christmas Bracero program California agricultural strikes Cantaloupe strike of 1928 Citrus Strike

    Brown-eyed soul

    Brown-eyed_soul

  • Mexico–United States relations
  • Bilateral relations between the United States of America and the United Mexican States

    meant decreased U.S. demand for Mexican labor via the guest-worker Bracero Program and for Mexican raw materials to fuel a major war. For Mexican laborers

    Mexico–United States relations

    Mexico–United States relations

    Mexico–United_States_relations

  • Indian Americans
  • Americans of Indian descent

    urban areas. In the 1940s, the prices of the land increased, and the Bracero Program brought thousands of Mexican guest workers to work on farms, which

    Indian Americans

    Indian Americans

    Indian_Americans

  • History of Mexican Americans in Metro Detroit
  • Spanish-language radio program which began airing in October 1952. Every Saturday and Sunday it aired for one hour each. The program switched to WPAG in

    History of Mexican Americans in Metro Detroit

    History_of_Mexican_Americans_in_Metro_Detroit

  • Jovita Idar
  • American journalist, teacher, and activist (1885–1946)

    21, 2020. Retrieved September 21, 2020. "2023 American Women Quarters™ Program Honorees Announced". U.S. Mint. Retrieved March 31, 2022. González, G.

    Jovita Idar

    Jovita Idar

    Jovita_Idar

  • Economic effects of immigration
  • occupations. A 2018 study in the American Economic Review found that the Bracero program (which allowed almost half a million Mexican workers to do seasonal

    Economic effects of immigration

    Economic_effects_of_immigration

AI & ChatGPT searchs for online references containing BRACERO PROGRAM

BRACERO PROGRAM

AI search references containing BRACERO PROGRAM

BRACERO PROGRAM

AI search queriess for Facebook and twitter posts, hashtags with BRACERO PROGRAM

BRACERO PROGRAM

Follow users with usernames @BRACERO PROGRAM or posting hashtags containing #BRACERO PROGRAM

BRACERO PROGRAM

Online names & meanings

  • Aethelstun
  • Boy/Male

    British, English

    Aethelstun

    From the Elfs Home

  • Asghar
  • Boy/Male

    Arabic, German, Iranian, Muslim, Parsi

    Asghar

    Smaller; Younger; Shorter; Junior

  • ZainulAbidin
  • Boy/Male

    Arabic, Muslim

    ZainulAbidin

    Ornament of the Worshippers (of Allah)

  • Zanns
  • Girl/Female

    Polish

    Zanns

    God's gracious gift.

  • Ramak
  • Boy/Male

    Hindu, Indian, Marathi

    Ramak

    Delighting; Gratifying; Sporting

  • Mullen
  • Surname or Lastname

    Irish

    Mullen

    Irish : Anglicized form of the common and widespread Gaelic name Ó Maoláin ‘descendant of Maolán’, a byname meaning ‘tonsured one’, ‘devotee’ (from a diminutive of maol ‘bald’).English : topographic name for someone who lived by a mill, or a metonymic occupational name for a miller, from Anglo-Norman French mo(u)lin, mulin ‘mill’ (see Mill). In some instances it may be a variant of Millen, from Middle English mullelane.Dutch and Belgian (van Mullen) : habitational name from Mullem in East Flanders, Mullem in West Flanders, or possibly Mollen in Brabant.Dutch (van (der) Mullen) : variant of van der Molen (see Molen 4).

  • Abdul Qader
  • Boy/Male

    Arabic

    Abdul Qader

    Servant of the capable.

  • OTOKAR
  • Male

    Croatian

    OTOKAR

    , treasure watcher; or, the real knight, or, leader of the knights.

  • Prunellie
  • Girl/Female

    French

    Prunellie

    Color of plum.

  • Cupid
  • Boy/Male

    Shakespearean

    Cupid

    The Life of Timon of Athens'.

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  • Brace
  • n.

    The state of being braced or tight; tension.

  • Bracer
  • n.

    A medicine, as an astringent or a tonic, which gives tension or tone to any part of the body.

  • Tracer/y
  • n.

    A similar decoration in some styles of vaulting, the ribs of the vault giving off the minor bars of which the tracery is composed.

  • Bracer
  • n.

    That which braces, binds, or makes firm; a band or bandage.

  • Prowess
  • a.

    Distinguished bravery; valor; especially, military bravery and skill; gallantry; intrepidity; fearlessness.

  • Counterbrace
  • v. t.

    To brace in such a way that opposite strains are resisted; to apply counter braces to.

  • Embrave
  • v. t.

    To inspire with bravery.

  • Brace
  • v. t.

    To draw tight; to tighten; to put in a state of tension; to strain; to strengthen; as, to brace the nerves.

  • Brace
  • n.

    A pair; a couple; as, a brace of ducks; now rarely applied to persons, except familiarly or with some contempt.

  • Bracing
  • n.

    The act of strengthening, supporting, or propping, with a brace or braces; the state of being braced.

  • Brace
  • v. t.

    To furnish with braces; to support; to prop; as, to brace a beam in a building.

  • Traceries
  • pl.

    of Tracer/y

  • Brace
  • v. t.

    To move around by means of braces; as, to brace the yards.

  • Braced
  • imp. & p. p.

    of Brace

  • Manhood
  • n.

    Manly quality; courage; bravery; resolution.

  • Brace
  • v. t.

    To place in a position for resisting pressure; to hold firmly; as, he braced himself against the crowd.

  • Abox
  • adv. & a.

    Braced aback.

  • Truss
  • n.

    To strengthen or stiffen, as a beam or girder, by means of a brace or braces.