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Geological formation in the European Alps
The Austroalpine nappes are a geological nappe stack system in the European Alps. They are structurally on top of the Penninic (meaning they were thrust
Austroalpine_nappes
Geological structure
this type form smaller units, such as the Hallstatt nappe in the Austroalpine nappes of the Alps. Nappes are generally considered as compressional structures
Nappe
southward. The rocks of the Austroalpine nappes form most of the outcrops in the Eastern Alps, while in the west these nappes are, with the exception of
Geology_of_the_Alps
Mountain in the Swiss and Italian Alps
Blanche klippe, an isolated part of the Austroalpine nappes, lying over the Penninic nappes. The Austroalpine nappes are part of the Apulian plate, a small
Matterhorn
Geological formation in the Pennine Alps
Penninic nappes and by most researchers seen as Austroalpine. The nappe is named after the mountain Dent Blanche, which is formed by rocks of the nappe. The
Dent_Blanche_nappe
usually divided into three large nappe complexes. From bottom to top these are the Helvetic, Penninic and Austroalpine nappes. East of the dome all three are
Lepontin_dome
Geological layer in Austrian Alps
thick and it is built up from several individual nappes. The zone is part of the Austroalpine nappe system and has a generally northward dip. It crops
Greywacke_zone
Portion of the Eastern Alps mountain range
(Bergell and Rieserferner) also of granite. The Austroalpine nappes are thrust over the Penninic nappe stack. Massifs of autochthonous, crystalline rock
Central_Eastern_Alps
Aosta Valley. It is widely seen as part of the Austroalpine nappes and correlated with the Dent Blanche nappe that crops out further to the northwest. The
Sesia_zone
Geological formation in the Alps
and the Dent Blanche nappe (Austroalpine), of African origin. Four paleogeographic domains can be recognized in the Penninic nappes of the Western Alps:
Penninic
Austrian Central Eastern Alps region with exposed Penninic nappes
been formed by uplift and erosion of the Austroalpine nappes to expose the rocks of the underlying Penninic nappes. The smaller Engadin window in western
Hohe_Tauern_window
Portion of the Alps that lies within Switzerland
the Alps. The rocks from the Helvetic zone on the north and the Austroalpine nappes – Southern Alps on the south come originally from the European and
Swiss_Alps
Highest mountain in the Eastern Alps
on Piz Corvatsch and Piz Palü. Most of the range belongs to the Austroalpine nappes, a tectonic unit whose rocks come from the Apulian plate, a small
Piz_Bernina
Small tectonic plate in the Mediterranean
Geology of the Alps Tectonic subdivision Helvetic Zone Penninic nappes Austroalpine nappes Southern Alps Formation and rocks Bündner schist flysch molasse
Adriatic_plate
Tectonic unit in the western Alps
Penninic nappes and lies directly under the Sesia zone and Dent Blanche klippe, that are interpreted as belonging to the Austroalpine nappes. It lies
Zermatt-Saas_zone
Subducted ocean basin. Remnants found in the Alps in the North Penninic nappes.
basalt, pillow lava). The windows in the overlying Austroalpine nappes reveal the underlying Penninic nappes. In the Engadin window, remnants are found in
Valais_Ocean
Foreland basin north of the Alps
the molasse deposits were overthrust about 10 kilometers by the Helvetic nappes, which caused the deformation in the Subalpine Molasse zone. The Jura mountains
Molasse_basin
Regional geologic formation in the Northern Limestone Alps and Western Carpathians
crops out to the north of the Hohe Tauern window and is part of the Austroalpine nappes. In the Semmering area of Austria, where the name Wettersteindolomit
Wetterstein_Formation
Mountain in the Pennine Alps
Weisshorn is the culminating point of the Dent Blanche nappe, a klippe belonging to the Austroalpine nappes. The mountain is composed of gneisses; the west face
Weisshorn
Geologic massif in the Swiss Alps
large elongated dome structure. The overlying limestones of the Helvetic nappes now have a very high dip angle, forming a ridge that appears at the Eiger
Aarmassif
Exposure of penninic rock lying below the austroalpine rocks
tectonic window that exposes penninic units lying below the austroalpine units in the alpine nappe stack. It has a roughly elliptical shape with the long axis
Engadin_window
they are north of the Periadriatic Seam and ranked part of the Austroalpine nappes. The Eastern Alps extend across six European countries: Germany,
Alpine Club classification of the Eastern Alps
Alpine_Club_classification_of_the_Eastern_Alps
called the Ivrea zone. "Geology of the Alps Part 1: General remarks; Austroalpine nappes". Steinmann-Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie
Southern_Alps_(Europe)
Ocean that existed in the Mesozoic eras
Meliata Ocean. The Meliata suture zone itself is obscured by the Upper Austroalpine nappes. Stampfli, G.M; Borel, G.D (2002). "A plate tectonic model for the
Meliata_Ocean
Border between the Adriatic and European plates
(2017) On the Insubric line and the Southern Steep Belt of the Penninic nappes in the Ticino area (including 2 excursion guides) Swiss Bulletin of Geology
Periadriatic_Seam
part of the Periadriatic Seam that separates the Southern Alps from the nappe stacks of the Central Alps and runs from west to east along the Alpine mountain
Giudicarie_Line
Strike-slip Fault in Switzerland, Italy and Austria
also known as Engadiner Spalte. The Engadine Line deforms the Austroalpine and Penninic nappes and also appears in magnetic anomaly maps. It is responsible
Engadine_Line
Geologic formation in the southeastern Alps of Europe
disrupted during the Alpine orogeny, significant elements occur in the Austroalpine nappes of the Northern Limestone Alps, other parts are in the Transdanubian
Dachstein_Formation
Piece of continental crust in the Penninic nappes of the Alps
The Briançonnais zone is a zone in the Penninic nappes in the Western Alps which preserves continental crust rocks derived from the Briançonnais terrane
Briançonnais_zone
Tectonic terrane in the Italian Alps
Geology of the Alps Tectonic subdivision Helvetic Zone Penninic nappes Austroalpine nappes Southern Alps Formation and rocks Bündner schist flysch molasse
Ivrea_zone
Glacial lake in Carinthia
considerably lowered the water level. The Millstatt area is part of the Austroalpine nappes, consisting of gneiss and schists with quartzite deposits, which
Millstätter_See
schistose rocks that form a number of geologic formations in the Penninic nappes of the Alps. Bündner schists were originally marine sediments that underwent
Bündner_schist
Mountain in Switzerland
Implications for the paleogeographic position of the Allgäu and Lechtal nappes" (PDF). Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae. 99 (2): 223–235. doi:10.1007/s00015-006-1192-y
Wiss_Platte
Helvetic nappes crop out as a narrow band. The Helvetic zone consists of a number of tectonically very different units. The "Helvetic nappes" are a nappe stack
Helvetic_(geology)
Former piece of oceanic crust that is seen as part of the Tethys Ocean
preserved as ophiolites in the Penninic nappes of the Alps and the Tuscan nappes of the Apennines. These nappes were subducted, sometimes to great depths
Piemont-Liguria_Ocean
Fault zone in the Swiss Alps
Geology of the Alps Tectonic subdivision Helvetic Zone Penninic nappes Austroalpine nappes Southern Alps Formation and rocks Bündner schist flysch molasse
Rhône-Simplon_line
metamorphic rocks of the Penninic nappes from the (external) sedimentary rocks and crystalline basement of the Helvetic nappes. The last are in France often
Penninic_thrustfront
Major mountain range in Central Europe
origin. The bottom nappe structure is of continental European origin, above which are stacked marine sediment nappes, topped off by nappes derived from the
Alps
Mountain in Switzerland
Club. Retrieved 30 October 2025. Nagel, Thorsten (2006). "Structure of Austroalpine and Penninic units in the Tilisuna area (Eastern Rätikon, Austria): Implications
Sulzfluh
the Ordovician, the region was likely barren and nearly lifeless. The Austroalpine and South Alpine superunits formed a shelf that received clay and sand
Geology_of_Austria
Geologic formation in Austria and Germany
doesn't show the characteristic red radiolarites found elsewhere in the Austroalpine domain but only grey to red cherty limestones. This is the reason why
Ruhpolding_Formation
Geological formation in Poland and Slovakia
L.; Blau, J.; Lein, R. (2009). "Jurassic Tectonostratigraphy of the Austroalpine domain". Journal of Alpine Geology. 50: 1–152. ISSN 1563-0846. Schlögl
Krempachy_Marl_Formation
Carpathian crustal scale thick-skinned nappes. The two main units are: Carpathian Flysch Belt: Paleogene to Miocene-age nappes, made up of folded Cretaceous and
Geology_of_Slovakia
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