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2nd-century Greek historian, official and philosopher
Arrian (/ˈæriən/; Greek: Ἀρριανός Arrianos; Latin: Lucius Flavius Arrianus; c. 86/89 – c. after 146/160 AD), also known as Arrian of Nicomedia, was a
Arrian
Book by Arrian
short military history about interior Asia, particularly India, written by Arrian in the 2nd century CE. The subject of the book is the expedition of Alexander
Indica_(Arrian)
King of Macedon from 336 to 323 BC
ISBN 978-1-4051-5469-7. Arrian 1976, I, 11 Arrian 1976, I, 20–23 Arrian 1976, I, 23 Arrian 1976, I, 27–28 Arrian 1976, I, 3 Green 2007, p. 351 Arrian 1976, I, 11–12
Alexander_the_Great
Macedonian nobleman and general (c. 356–324 BC)
22.54 Curtius 8.14.15 Arrian 6.2.4 Arrian, Indica 18 Arrian 6.5.6 Arrian 6.17.4 Arrian 6.18.1 and 6.20.1 Arrian 6.22.37 Arrian 7.5.6 Photius 92 Diogenes
Hephaestion
Battle fought between Alexander the Great and the Achaemenids
Arrian, Plutarch and Diodorus Siculus. Arrian's account is the longest and most detailed; Plutarch's account is shorter but corresponds with Arrian's
Battle_of_the_Granicus
2nd-century AD work by Arrian of Nicomedia
Ἀνάβασις, Alexándrou Anábasis; Latin: Anabasis Alexandri) was composed by Arrian of Nicomedia in the second century AD, most probably during the reign of
Anabasis_of_Alexander
Major battle of the Wars of Alexander the Great (331 BC)
Curtius and Arrian write that an embassy was sent instead of a letter, which is also claimed by Justin and Plutarch (1st century). Plutarch and Arrian mention
Battle_of_Gaugamela
Greek myth; metaphor for tangled problem
cart, a sign to him from the gods. Arrian and Plutarch are secondary sources; Aristobolus' text is lost. Citations Arrian, Anabasis Alexandri (Αλεξάνδρου
Gordian_Knot
Part of the Indian campaign of Alexander the Great
World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 14 October 2019. Arrian. Arrian, Book V, Chapter XIV. Arrian, Book V, Chapter XV. Bose, Partha (1 April 2004). Alexander
Battle_of_the_Hydaspes
Lost account of Mauryan India by Greek writer Megasthenes
these works are those by Diodorus Siculus, Strabo (Geographica), Pliny, and Arrian (Indica). Megasthenes' Indica can be reconstructed using the portions preserved
Indica_(Megasthenes)
Greek Stoic philosopher (c. 50 – c. 135)
self-discipline. His teachings were written down and published by his pupil Arrian in his Discourses and Enchiridion. They influenced many later thinkers,
Epictetus
Pharaoh of Egypt from 305 to 282 BC
paraphrase or précis in Arrian's work. Arrian cites Ptolemy by name on only a few occasions, but it is likely that large stretches of Arrian's Anabasis reflect
Ptolemy_I_Soter
Ancient Greek military campaign in Indus Valley
River and the Persian Gulf. This report is preserved in Arrian's Anabasis (c. 150 AD). Arrian provides a detailed account of Alexander's campaigns, based
Indian campaign of Alexander the Great
Indian_campaign_of_Alexander_the_Great
Ancient Greek ethnographer and explorer
Greek ambassador of Seleucus I Nicator in the court of Chandragupta Maurya. Arrian explains that Megasthenes lived in Arachosia, with the satrap Sibyrtius
Megasthenes
333 BC battle between Alexander the Great and Darius III
defensively, since Alexander was forced to march to him. Some ancient sources (Arrian and Plutarch), who based their accounts on earlier Greek sources, estimated
Battle_of_Issus
Stoic ethical advice compiled by Arrian
Enkheirídion Epiktḗtou) is a short manual of Stoic ethical advice compiled by Arrian, a 2nd-century disciple of the Greek philosopher Epictetus. Although the
Enchiridion_of_Epictetus
5th-century BC Carthaginian explorer
The text was known to the Roman Pliny the Elder (c. 23–79) and the Greek Arrian of Nicomedia (c. 86–160). While the power of Carthage was at its height
Hanno_the_Navigator
Ancient cities founded by Alexander the Great
battle appear in the records of all of the five major surviving accounts—Arrian, Plutarch, Diodorus, Curtius Rufus, and Justin. All five agree that Alexander
Boukephala_and_Nikaia
of Athena. According to Arrian, it was 180 stadia east of the river Adienus, and 280 stadia west of Apsarus. According to Arrian, the place got its name
Athenae_(Pontus)
Part of the Wars of Alexander the Great
thus well suited for Ariobarzanes's purposes. According to the historian Arrian, Ariobarzanes had a force of 40,000 infantry and 700 cavalry and faced a
Battle_of_the_Persian_Gate
Place associated with Alexander the Great, identified in modern Pakistan
stretched, dangerously vulnerable, over the Hindu Kush back to Balkh, though Arrian (although disbelieving himself of this story) credits Alexander's desire
Aornos
1st-century Greco-Roman document
the Periplus attributes the work to Arrian, but apparently for no better reason than its position beside Arrian's much later Periplus of the Euxine Sea
Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea
Hunting method and dog sport
lurchers. In its oldest recorded form in the Western world, as described by Arrian, it was a sport practised by all levels of society, and it remained so until
Coursing
King of Iberia and Colchis
Pharasmanes of the Greco-Roman historian Arrian, a 2nd-century AD author of The Anabasis of Alexander. Arrian recounts that "Pharasmanes (Фαρασμάνης),
Pharnavaz_I
Military standard of the Roman cavalry
a draco was carried by each legionary cohort. The Greek military writer Arrian describes the draco in his passage on cavalry training exercises, calling
Draco_(military_standard)
Informal lectures by Stoic philosopher Epictetus
informal lectures by the Stoic philosopher Epictetus written down by his pupil Arrian around 108 AD. Four books out of an original eight are still extant. The
Discourses_of_Epictetus
Ancient Greek historical writer and philosopher
been the commander of Alexander's fleet but was actually only a helmsman; Arrian and Nearchus often criticize him for this. When he returned home, he wrote
Onesicritus
Conflicts of Alexander the Great (336–323 BC)
cramped, muddy river bank.[citation needed] Arrian, Diodorus, and Plutarch all mention the battle, with Arrian providing the most detail. The Persians placed
Wars_of_Alexander_the_Great
Ancient city in northwest Asia Minor
[How to Survive a Siege] (in Greek). 24.3–14. Inschriften von Ilion 23. Arrian. Anabasis. 1.11–12. Siculus, Diodorus. Bibliotheca historica. 17.17–18.
Troy
Part of the Wars of Alexander the Great
Spring B.C. 331. Arrian of Nicomedia 1884, pp. 134–135, XXV. The offers of Darius rejected—Batis, Governor of Gaza, refuses to Submit. Arrian of Nicomedia
Siege_of_Gaza_(332_BC)
323 BC conference dividing the territories of Alexander the Great
after Alexander (codex 82), which itself seems to be based on Arrian's account; compare Arrian: Cappadocia, Paphlagonia, and the country on the shore of the
Partition_of_Babylon
Fortress on the west bank of the Hyphasis (Beas) river
eventually relented, being convinced that it was better to return. Arrian, John Rooke; Arrian's History of the expedition of Alexander the Great: and conquest
Alexandria_Hyphasis
Battle involving Alexander the Great
Retrieved July 14, 2011. Arrian 1893, p. 604. Theodore Dodge 1890, p. 604. Arrian 1893, p. 312. Benjamin Wheeler 1900, p. 459. Arrian 1893, p. 309. Benjamin
Mallian_campaign
By the Macedonians under Alexander the Great
city and the loss of his men that he destroyed half the city. According to Arrian, 8,000 Tyrian civilians were massacred after the city fell. Alexander granted
Siege_of_Tyre_(332_BC)
Polybius and Arrian. It is one of the weapons used in Alexander's experimental phalanx. Eur.Ph.1141, Eur.Andr.1133 Pol.22.3.9 Arrian 7.23 Perseus Greek
Mesangylon
329 BCE siege
how the battle went differ among authors. Arrian cites Ptolemy as saying Cyropolis surrendered, and Arrian also states that according to Aristobulus the
Siege_of_Cyropolis
4th-century BCE Greek military commander, admiral of Alexander the Great
Gulf, which he recorded in detail (and which was used extensively for Arrian’s Indica). Again, although he was the admiral, in command of the fleet, great
Nearchus
River in Afghanistan and Pakistan
ISSN 2071-1050. Arrian, John Rooke; Arrian (1813). "A brief account of all the authors who have touched upon the history of Alexander". Arrian's History of
Kabul_River
2nd-century guidebook by Arrian
Hospitable, Sea). It was written by Arrian of Nicomedia from AD 130–131. It is in the form of a letter, from Arrian to the Emperor Hadrian in Rome, who
Periplus_of_the_Euxine_Sea
Macedonian military leader
3. Arrian 1962, p. 126. Arrian 1962, pp. 127–128. Droysen 2011, p. 261. Schachermeyr 1997, p. 64. Arrian 1962, p. 139. Nefedkin 2019, p. 95. Arrian 1962
Menides
Mass wedding arranged by Alexander the Great
numbered over 10,000, and Alexander offered them all gifts their wedding — Arrian Traditionally, historians suggested that the Macedonians thought poorly
Susa_weddings
/tɪˈrɪdətiːz/ Parthian:𐭕𐭉𐭓𐭉𐭃𐭕 (Tīridāt) is a Persian name, given by Arrian in his Parthica to the brother of Arsaces I, the founder of the Parthian
Tiridates_I_of_Parthia
Country in West Asia
thereafter in inscriptions, on coins, and in numerous literary texts.50 Thus Arrian (7.9.8, Indica 43.1) and Appian (Syr. 50), who lived in the second century
Palestine
Persian general (died 334 BC)
known as "the Black," dashed up and cut off the Persian's arm." However, Arrian records Spithridates as the one who lost his arm to Cleitus and thus Diodorus
Rhosaces
Historic federation of Greek states
Inscriptions, 404-323 BC, p. 373 ISBN 0-19-921649-5 Arrian 1.9.9-10, Diodorus Siculus 17.14.1, Justin 11.3.6 Arrian [1.9.7] «ὡς τῆς τε ἐν τῷ Μηδικῷ πολέμῳ προδοσίας
League_of_Corinth
Ancient tribe in the western Caucasus
subject of a controversy. They are first attested in the works of Pliny, Arrian and Memnon of Heraclea. Historical territories of Heniokhet-Sanikheti(Sanigia)
Sanigs
indication of their capital cities (where appropriate). Arrian, John Rooke (1813). Arrian's History of the expedition of Alexander the Great: and conquest
Chronology of the expedition of Alexander the Great into Asia
Chronology_of_the_expedition_of_Alexander_the_Great_into_Asia
Ancient city allegedly founded on the Indus and Panjnad Rivers
Alexander the Great at the junction of the Indus and the Acesines river. Arrian tells that colonists, mainly Thracian veterans and natives, were settled
Alexandria_on_the_Indus
Alexander the Great's siege of Sogdian fortress (327 BC)
quarter of 327 BC. Horn & Spencer 2012, p. 40. Arrian 1958, section 4.18.4-19.6. Grote 1856, p. 289, 290. Arrian 1893, Section 21: Capture of the Rock of Chorienes
Siege_of_the_Sogdian_Rock
4th-century BC Macedonian general
Alexandri Magni, v. 1; Arrian, Anabasis Alexandri, iii. 27 Arrian, i. 17 Arrian, iii. 11, 16; Curtius, iv. 6, v. 1, vii. 1 Arrian, iii. 27 Curtius, vii
Amyntas_(son_of_Andromenes)
River in Georgia
Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia Vol. 7, p. 327, 1984. Arrian, William Falconer, and Thomas Falconer. Arrian's Voyage Round the Euxine Sea Translated; And Accompanied
Natanebi
Deity in Greek mythology
Code: in search of character and calling. New York: Random House Arrian (1831). Arrian on coursing. Translated and with commentary by "A Graduate of Medicine"
Horme
Ancient Persian tomb in Pasargadae, Iran
Greek historian Arrian. He noted the similarities as well as the differences, including the lack of the inscription noted by Arrian, the lack of a grove
Tomb_of_Cyrus_the_Great
Letters written by and to Alexander the Great
is sometimes reported in historical sources, such as Diodorus Siculus, Arrian and Plutarch, but only occasionally do these sources seem to quote such
Letters of Alexander the Great
Letters_of_Alexander_the_Great
of Pantordanus, from the left to the right wing before the battle began (Arrian 2.9.3). Who's Who in the Age of Alexander the Great, by Waldemar Heckel
Peroidas
Battle during the wars of Alexander the Great
2016-09-09. Retrieved 2020-03-26. Arrian, Lucius (1893). Anabasis of Alexander. New York: George Bell and Sons. p. 452. Arrian, Lucius (1893). Anabasis of Alexander
Battle_of_the_Uxian_Defile
Macedonian general (4th c. BC)
Anabasis 4.23.1-2 Arrian, Anabasis 4.25.5; 4.27.5 Arrian, Anabasis 5.13.1–2; Diodorus, 17.87.3 Arrian, Anabasis Alexandri 7.12.4 Arrian, Anabasis 7.12.4
Polyperchon
Historical region located in northeastern Iran
(1985), p. 248. Cook (1985), p. 252. Arrian (1884), Book 3, 8 (pp. 154-7). Arrian (1884), Book 3, 23 (pp. 187-9). Arrian (1884), Book 3, 28 (pp. 196-9). Diodorus
Parthia
Tournaments performed by the cavalry of the Roman Empire
of the cavalry was described in the 2nd century AD by the Roman writer Arrian in his Ars Tactica, a (possibly theoretical) work in which he described
Hippika_gymnasia
4th-century BC Persian noble (died 334 BC)
battle. Berve ii.117 Arrian Anabasis Alexandri 1.16.3 Diodorus Bibliotheca historica 17.21.3 Aretades of Cnidus FGrH 285 F1 Arrian 1.15.7, 16.3 Diodorus
Pharnaces_(Persian_noble)
Type of ancient Macedonian cavalry
of light cavalry in the ancient Macedonian army. In the primary sources Arrian mentions that the Macedonian officer Aretes commanded the prodromoi, in
Sarissophoroi
Ancient Iranian people
a tribe in the Medes south of the Caspian Sea mentioned by Ptolemy and Arrian. Ctesias refers to the land of Tapuri between the two lands of Cadusii and
Tapuri
about or shortly after the time of Alexander. There is however a passage in Arrian which would determine the age of Ephippus very accurately, if it could be
Ephippus_of_Olynthus
Roman civilisation from the 8th century BC to the 5th century AD
Paterculus Verrius Flaccus Vergil Vitruvius Greek Aelian Aëtius of Amida Appian Arrian Cassius Dio Diodorus Siculus Diogenes Laertius Dionysius of Halicarnassus
Ancient_Rome
Manuscript listing ports and coastal landmarks
Gulf under orders from Alexander the Great. He was a source for Strabo and Arrian, among others. On the Red Sea by Agatharchides. Fragments preserved in Diodorus
Periplus
4th-century BC Persian military commander
the battle of the Granicus (modern-day Turkey). He was killed during the battle. Arrian, Anabasis Alexandri, 1.14.4, 16.3 Arrian, 1.16.3 v t e v t e
Omares
Method of fishing with a net
Oregon Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23 March 2012. Arrian; Hammond, Martin; Atkinson, John; Arrian; Arrian (2013). Alexander the Great: The Anabasis and the
Seine_fishing
British writer, academic and translator (1894–1962)
translations—all for Penguin Classics—of Herodotus' The Histories (1954), Arrian's Life of Alexander the Great (1958), Livy's The Early History of Rome (Books
Aubrey_de_Sélincourt
transmitted in Greek and Latin by the Alexander historians (Antibelos in Arrian and Brochubelus in Curtius Rufus). According to Badian, Brochubelus means
Antibelos
Goddess and river in Greek mythology
Natural History 2.231, 31.26–27. Pliny, Natural History 30.149. Compare with Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander 7.27. Plutarch, Alexander 77.2. Pausanias, 8.17.6
Styx
Achaemenid dynasty heiress
Roman biography and mythology, Vol III, edited by William Smith, 1872 p.901 Arrian. Anabasis of Alexander. Plutarch, Parallel Lives, "Life of Alexander" 21
Stateira_(wife_of_Darius_III)
Area of study on military commander and king
Macedon, as well as some Asian texts. The five main surviving accounts are by Arrian, Plutarch, Diodorus Siculus, Quintus Curtius Rufus, and Justin. In addition
Historiography of Alexander the Great
Historiography_of_Alexander_the_Great
4th-century BC Persian military general
Rheomithres and Petenes, and faced the Thessalians, which according to Arrian did heavy damage to the Persians. The scarcity of the details regarding
Niphates_(Persian_general)
Macedonian general (c. 400 – 330 BC)
expertly formulating the orthodox strategy. For instance, according to Arrian's Anabasis of Alexander, at the Battle of Granicus, Parmenion suggested delay
Parmenion
River in India and Pakistan
known as the Jhelum or Jhelam - that is located in what is today Pakistan Arrian (1884). The Anabasis of Alexander; or, The history of the wars and conquests
Jhelum_River
Ancient Iranian nomadic confederation in Central Asia
tigraxaudā as living between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers, where Arrian also located the Massagetae. The scholar Marek Jan Olbrycht has also identified
Massagetae
Type of cavalry formation
the customary formation of the famed Thessalian cavalry and according to Arrian, it was invented by the Thessalian Iason (Jason). Aelian argues that its
Rhombus_formation
Ancient Macedonian cavalry
the leadership split between two men, Cleitus the Black and Hephaestion. Arrian claims this would be because, Alexander "did not want anyone, not even his
Companion_cavalry
Ancient infantry formation
Morristown, New Jersey: Silver Burdett Co. pp. 58–59. ISBN 0-382-06308-2. Arrian (2015). The Campaigns of Alexander. Brookfield, Wisconsin: First Rate Publishers
Macedonian_phalanx
Ancient Egyptian deity
Saqqara". Heritage. 5 (3): 2196–2209. doi:10.3390/heritage5030115. Arrian. Anabasis. Arrian. "VII". Anabasis. p. 26. J.-F. Brunet, The XXIInd and XXVth Dynasties
Apis_(deity)
Highest mountain of Russia and Europe
Stadter, Philip A. (2017). Arrian of Nicomedia. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-1364-5. Cf. Arrian, Periplus, Greek text Archived
Mount_Elbrus
Town in ancient Mysia
probably the same place as Hermoton (Ancient Greek: Ἕρμωτον), mentioned by Arrian, and may have been the site of a village or town. It was located near Çınardere
Hermaion
Archaeological site in Fars province, Iran
looted and destroyed Persepolis, he paid a visit to the tomb of Cyrus. Arrian recorded in the second century CE that Alexander commanded Aristobulus,
Pasargadae
Army of Philip II and Alexander the Great
largely reliant on the works of the Greek historians Diodorus Siculus and Arrian, in addition to the incomplete writings of the Roman historian Curtius,
Ancient_Macedonian_army
Antony) Marcus Antonius Creticus Mark Antony Manius Aquillius (consul 129 BC) Arrian Lucius Artorius Castus Gaius Asinius Pollio (consul 40 BC) Aulus Atilius
List_of_Roman_generals
Continuation of the Roman Empire (330–1453)
Paterculus Verrius Flaccus Vergil Vitruvius Greek Aelian Aëtius of Amida Appian Arrian Cassius Dio Diodorus Siculus Diogenes Laertius Dionysius of Halicarnassus
Byzantine_Empire
Ancient Greek god of winemaking and wine
tufts.edu. "ToposText". topostext.org. "Arrian, Anabasis, book 5, chapter 1". www.perseus.tufts.edu. "Arrian, Anabasis, book 5, chapter 2". www.perseus
Dionysus
Pashtun tribe
has evidently been derived from Asvakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian... " (Megasthenes and Arrian, p 180. See also: Alexander's Invasion of India, p 38; J
Yusufzai
Ancient city of Bithynia
committed suicide in nearby Libyssa (Diliskelesi, Gebze). The historian Arrian was born there. Nicomedia was the metropolis and capital of the Roman province
Nicomedia
Ancient Indian people
of Arjuna and nava (young, modern or descended from). Greek chronicler Arrian attests one city which he calls Arigaeum or Arigaeon/Arigaion which commanded
Arjunayanas
Greek philosopher (c. 470–399 BC)
Panaetius Posidonius Seneca Lucius Annaeus Cornutus Musonius Rufus Epictetus Arrian Marcus Aurelius more... Epicurean Epicurus Metrodorus Zeno of Sidon Philodemus
Socrates
King of the Achaemenid Empire from 336 to 330 BC)
Darius was still outflanked, defeated, and forced to flee. It is told by Arrian that at the Battle of Issus the moment the Persian left went to pieces under
Darius_III
321 BC power-sharing agreement between the generals of Alexander the Great
also proceeded to divide again the satrapies between the various generals. Arrian described the result of the meeting in Events after Alexander, which were
Partition_of_Triparadisus
2nd-century Roman philosopher and physician
Panaetius Posidonius Seneca Lucius Annaeus Cornutus Musonius Rufus Epictetus Arrian Marcus Aurelius more... Epicurean Epicurus Metrodorus Zeno of Sidon Philodemus
Sextus_Empiricus
Ancient Macedonian city in modern Tajikistan
battle went down differ among authors. Arrian cites Ptolemy as saying Cyropolis surrendered from the start, and Arrian also states that according to Aristobulus
Alexandria_Eschate
Alexander the Great's first military campaign as king of Macedon
Alexander the Great, p. 72 Arrian, The Campaigns of Alexander, p. 44. * Renault, The Nature of Alexander the Great, p. 73 Arrian 1.3 Arrian, The Campaigns of Alexander
Balkan campaign of Alexander the Great
Balkan_campaign_of_Alexander_the_Great
Theban rebellion against Macedon (335 BC)
ISBN 9781105602504. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help) Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander 1, 7, 1–2. Plutarch, Demostene 23, 1; Aeschines,
Battle_of_Thebes
River in India and Pakistan
combined streams of Punjab rivers (currently known as the Panjnad River). Arrian, in the Anabasis of Alexander, quotes the eyewitness Ptolemy Lagides as
Chenab_River
Historic term for ethnic Pashtun people
aspa, the Sanskrit and Avestan words for "horse"), or the Assakenoi of Arrian, the name used for ancient inhabitants of the Hindu Kush. However, more
Afghan_(ethnonym)
Builder of Alexandria on the Indus
it." (Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, VI.27.2) Arrian, Anabasis Alexandri, v. 8 Arrian, Anabasis Alexandri, vi. 14 Mookerji 1988, p. 30. Arrian, Anabasis
Philip_(son_of_Machatas)
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