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Training astronauts for lunar missions
Apollo program training prepared NASA astronauts for crewed spaceflight and lunar surface operations during the Apollo program (1961–1972). The program
Apollo_program_training
1961–1972 American crewed lunar exploration program
The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the United States human spaceflight program led by NASA, which landed the first humans on the Moon
Apollo_program
First crewed flight of the Apollo space program
Apollo 7 (October 11–22, 1968) was the first crewed flight in NASA's Apollo program, and saw the resumption of human spaceflight by the agency after the
Apollo_7
Canceled space missions
the Apollo crewed Moon landing program of the 1960s and 1970s were canceled, for reasons which included changes in technical direction, the Apollo 1 fire
Canceled_Apollo_missions
2022 animated film by Richard Linklater
Apollo 10½: A Space Age Childhood is a 2022 American animated coming of age comedy film set during the events preceding the Apollo 11 Moon landing, loosely
Apollo 10½: A Space Age Childhood
Apollo_10½:_A_Space_Age_Childhood
First crewed space mission to orbit the Moon
Earthrise. Apollo 8 launched on December 21, 1968, and was the second crewed spaceflight mission flown in the United States Apollo space program (the first
Apollo_8
Second crewed Moon landing
Apollo 12 (November 14–24, 1969) was the sixth crewed flight in the United States Apollo program and the second to land on the Moon. It was launched on
Apollo_12
Aborted Moon landing mission in the Apollo program
Apollo 13 (April 11–17, 1970) was the seventh crewed mission in the Apollo space program and would have been the third Moon landing. The craft was launched
Apollo_13
Astronauts from NASA's Apollo program
As part of the Apollo program by NASA, 24 astronauts flew nine lunar missions between December 1968 and December 1972. During six successful two-man landing
List_of_Apollo_astronauts
Planned United States spaceflight (1967)
Apollo 1, initially designated AS-204, was planned to be the first crewed mission of the Apollo program, the American undertaking to land the first man
Apollo_1
Apollo human lunar landing training vehicle
Research Vehicle (LLRV, nicknamed the Flying Bedstead) was a Project Apollo era program to build a simulator for the Moon landings. The LLRVs were used by
Lunar Landing Research Vehicle
Lunar_Landing_Research_Vehicle
Third crewed Moon landing
Apollo 14 (January 31 – February 9, 1971) was the eighth crewed mission in the United States Apollo program operated by NASA, the third to land on the
Apollo_14
Missions and flights of NASA's Apollo Program
The Apollo program was a United States human spaceflight program carried out from 1961 to 1972 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
List_of_Apollo_missions
American astronaut (1928–2025)
of the second group of astronauts needed for the Gemini and Apollo programs. Before Apollo, Lovell flew in space on two Gemini missions: Gemini 7 (with
Jim_Lovell
Sixth and most recent crewed Moon landing
Apollo 17 (December 7–19, 1972) was the eleventh and final crewed mission of NASA's Apollo program, the sixth and most recent time humans have set foot
Apollo_17
First crewed Moon landing (1969)
Apollo 11 (July 16–24, 1969) was the American spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon, and the fifth crewed mission of NASA's Apollo program
Apollo_11
Preparing astronauts for space missions
considerations must be made during training to ensure a safe and successful mission, which is why the Apollo astronauts received training for geology field work on
Astronaut_training
American astronaut and lunar explorer (born 1935)
States Air Force (USAF) officer and test pilot who, as Lunar Module pilot of Apollo 16 in 1972, became the 10th and youngest person to walk on the Moon, at
Charles_Duke
Component of the Apollo spacecraft
The Apollo command and service module (CSM) was one of two principal components of the United States Apollo spacecraft, used for the Apollo program, which
Apollo command and service module
Apollo_command_and_service_module
American astronaut (1936–2023)
orbited the Moon on Apollo 16 and flew on the STS-4 and STS-51-C missions. Born in Chicago, Illinois, Mattingly was replaced as Apollo 13 Command Module
Ken_Mattingly
Fifth crewed Moon landing
Apollo 16 (April 16–27, 1972) was the tenth crewed mission in the United States Apollo space program, administered by NASA, and the fifth and penultimate
Apollo_16
American astronaut and pilot (1935–1967)
aviator and aeronautical engineer who was a NASA astronaut in the Apollo program. Chaffee was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, where he became an Eagle
Roger_B._Chaffee
American astronaut (born 1933)
Apollo 13 so that Alan Shepard could have more training time. He flew as Lunar Module Pilot on the aborted Apollo 13 lunar mission in 1970. Due to the distance
Fred_Haise
Independent confirmations of Apollo Moon landings
Third-party evidence for the Apollo Moon landings is evidence or analysis of evidence about the Apollo Moon landings that does not come from the U.S.
Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings
Third-party_evidence_for_Apollo_Moon_landings
Third crewed mission of the Apollo space program
Apollo 9 (March 3–13, 1969) was the third human spaceflight in NASA's Apollo program, which successfully tested systems and procedures critical to landing
Apollo_9
Programs by the Soviet Union to land humans on the Moon
lunar programs were a series of programs pursued by the Soviet Union to land humans on the Moon, in competition with the United States Apollo program. The
Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs
NASA Apollo program sent 24 astronauts on nine crewed lunar missions. Six of the missions landed two astronauts each on the lunar surface, while Apollo 8
List of people who have flown to the Moon
List_of_people_who_have_flown_to_the_Moon
Vehicle driven by astronauts on the Moon (1971–72)
four-wheeled rover used on the Moon in the last three missions of the American Apollo program (15, 16, and 17) during 1971 and 1972. It is popularly called the Moon
Lunar_Roving_Vehicle
First international crewed spaceflight mission
spacecraft Soyuz 19. The unnumbered Apollo vehicle was a leftover from the canceled Apollo missions program and was the final Apollo module to fly. The crew consisted
Apollo–Soyuz
American astronaut and lunar explorer (1934–2017)
1966, as Lunar Module pilot of Apollo 10 in May 1969, and as commander of Apollo 17 in December 1972, the final Apollo lunar landing. He was also a backup
Gene_Cernan
American astronaut (1930–2021)
(October 31, 1930 – April 28, 2021) was an American astronaut who flew the Apollo 11 command module Columbia around the Moon in 1969 while his crewmates,
Michael_Collins_(astronaut)
NASA crewed Moon landing spacecraft (1969–1972)
between lunar orbit and the Moon's surface during the United States' Apollo program. It was the first crewed spacecraft to operate exclusively in space
Apollo_Lunar_Module
American astronaut and lunar explorer (1930–2018)
engineer. He became the ninth person to walk on the Moon as commander of the Apollo 16 mission in 1972. Before becoming an astronaut, Young received his Bachelor
John_Young_(astronaut)
American astronaut (1940–2011)
of scientist-astronauts chosen with the intention of training for the Apollo Applications Program. O'Leary was born and raised in Boston, Massachusetts
Brian_O'Leary
2026 crewed flyby of the Moon
flight beyond low Earth orbit since Apollo 17 in 1972. It was the first crewed flight of the NASA-led Artemis program, the first crewed flight of the Space
Artemis_II
Lunar lander used for Apollo 11
Eagle (LM-5) is the Apollo Lunar Module that was the first crewed lunar lander flown by humans to the Moon. Part of the 1969 Apollo 11 mission, it was
Lunar_Module_Eagle
Space suit used in Apollo and Skylab missions
use. The base Apollo EMU design took over three years to produce.[citation needed] At the beginning of the Apollo program, the Apollo spacesuit had not
Apollo/Skylab_spacesuit
Museum in Florida about the US space program
including an Apollo capsule. Two theaters allow the visitor to relive parts of the Apollo program. One simulates the environment inside an Apollo firing room
Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex
Kennedy_Space_Center_Visitor_Complex
American astronaut and lunar explorer (1930–1999)
aeronautical engineer, naval officer, aviator, and test pilot who commanded the Apollo 12 mission, on which he became the third person to walk on the Moon. Conrad
Pete_Conrad
American astronaut and lunar explorer (1932–2020)
astronaut who was command module pilot for the Apollo 15 lunar mission in 1971. One of the 24 Apollo astronauts to reach the Moon, he orbited it 74 times
Alfred_Worden
Portable TV camera suitable for space operations
The Apollo program used several television cameras in its space missions in the late 1960s and 1970s; some of these Apollo TV cameras were also used on
Apollo_TV_camera
Second crewed mission to orbit the Moon
Apollo 10 (May 18–26, 1969) was the fourth human spaceflight in the United States' Apollo program and the second to orbit the Moon. NASA, the mission's
Apollo_10
NASA operations facility in Texas
it became clear Gilruth would need a larger organization to lead the Apollo Program, with new test facilities and research laboratories. In 1961, Congress
Johnson_Space_Center
Fourth crewed Moon landing
Apollo 15 (July 26 – August 7, 1971) was the ninth crewed mission in the Apollo program and the fourth Moon landing. It was the first J mission, with
Apollo_15
American astronaut (1923–2007)
Apollo 7, an 11-day low Earth orbit shakedown test of the three-man Apollo Command/Service Module and the first crewed launch for the Apollo program.
Wally_Schirra
Uncrewed test flight of the Apollo Program
control system and fuel cells. The success of this flight enabled the Apollo program to judge the Block I spacecraft and Saturn IB ready to carry men into
AS-202
American astronaut and lunar explorer (1930–2024)
Apollo 1 fire and subsequent suspension of the Apollo program. In the spring of 1968, Deke Slayton announced that the previous backup crew for Apollo
Thomas_P._Stafford
Egyptian space scientist
exploration of the Moon and the planning of the Apollo program. He was a leading geologist on the program, responsible for studying the geology of the Moon
Farouk_El-Baz
1995 film by Ron Howard
Apollo 13 is a 1995 American docudrama film directed by Ron Howard and starring Tom Hanks, Kevin Bacon, Bill Paxton, Gary Sinise, Ed Harris and Kathleen
Apollo_13_(film)
Indian hospital chain
of Medicine program would complete 5 months of clinical rotations at Apollo hospitals in Hyderabad as part of their degree. In 2018, Apollo Hospitals opened
Apollo_Hospitals
1970 misquotation from Apollo 13
is a popular misquote of a phrase spoken during Apollo 13, a NASA mission in the Apollo space program and the third mission intended to land on the Moon
Houston,_we_have_a_problem
American astronaut and lunar explorer (1933–1990)
the Apollo program's J-missions. It was the final spacewalk of the Apollo program. In 1975, Evans served as backup Command Module Pilot for the Apollo–Soyuz
Ronald_Evans_(astronaut)
American astronaut (1926–1967)
Project Mercury, a program to train and launch astronauts into outer space. Grissom went on to be a Project Gemini and Apollo program astronaut for NASA
Gus_Grissom
Test flight within the Apollo program
AS-201 (also known as SA-201, Apollo 1-A, or Apollo 1 prior to the 1967 pad fire), flown February 26, 1966, was the first uncrewed test flight of an entire
AS-201
Scientific instruments left by the Apollo astronauts on the Moon
five Apollo missions to land on the Moon following Apollo 11 (Apollos 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17). Apollo 11 left a smaller package called the Early Apollo Scientific
Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package
Apollo_Lunar_Surface_Experiments_Package
American rocket used in the Apollo program during the 1960s and 70s
by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for the Apollo program. It uprated the Saturn I by replacing the S-IV second stage (90,000
Saturn_IB
end of the Apollo missions and was completely dismantled by 1978. According to the NASA statement from 1964, "LOLA was not built as a training device for
Lunar Orbit and Landing Approach
Lunar_Orbit_and_Landing_Approach
American astronaut (1930–1967)
of Gemini 4 and Apollo 1. After graduating from West Point in 1952 with a Bachelor of Science degree, White was sent to flight training, and assigned to
Ed_White_(astronaut)
American politician and astronaut (born 1935)
Moon. Before training for Apollo 17, he was influential in the geology field for supporting the Apollo program and had helped train Apollo astronauts chosen
Harrison_Schmitt
American astronaut (1923–1998)
had already commanded the Apollo 9 mission, balked at the prospect, arguing that Shepard did not have sufficient Apollo training to command a Moon mission
Alan_Shepard
1994 English-language book by Andrew Chaikin
the Apollo Astronauts is a 1994 book by Andrew Chaikin. It describes the 1968–1972 voyages of the Apollo program astronauts in detail, from Apollo 7 to
A_Man_on_the_Moon
American astronaut and lunar explorer (1933–2024)
astronaut, and businessman. In December 1968, he was a member of the crew of Apollo 8, the first three people to leave low Earth orbit and travel to the Moon
William_Anders
Group of eleven astronauts accepted by NASA in 1967
Given the lack of post-Apollo program funding, with the Apollo Applications Program being absorbed into the Skylab program, and NASA's existing surplus
NASA_Astronaut_Group_6
U.S. Naval fight training program
The US Navy had four programs (NavCad, NAP, AVMIDN, and MarCad) for the training of naval aviators. In 1908 at Fort Myer, Virginia, a demonstration of
Aviation Cadet Training Program (USN)
Aviation_Cadet_Training_Program_(USN)
Group of astronauts selected by NASA
group of fourteen astronauts selected by NASA for the Gemini and Apollo programs. The Apollo spacecraft had a crew of three, so more astronauts were required
NASA_Astronaut_Group_3
American astronaut (1929–2022)
pilot, aeronautical engineer, and NASA astronaut in the Gemini and Apollo programs. He joined the USAF in 1951 and flew 145 combat missions in the Korean
James_McDivitt
American flight director for NASA (born 1933)
directing missions of the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs, including the first lunar landing mission, Apollo 11. He directed the successful efforts by
Gene_Kranz
American astronaut and lunar explorer (1928–2023)
engineer, NASA astronaut, test pilot, and businessman. He was the commander of Apollo 8, the first mission to fly around the Moon, and together with crewmates
Frank_Borman
Group of American astronauts chosen in 1959
1967 in the Apollo 1 fire; the others all survived past retirement from service. Schirra flew Apollo 7 in 1968, the first crewed Apollo mission, in Grissom's
Mercury_Seven
American astronaut and lunar explorer (born 1932)
and served as a consultant for several films about the space program, including Apollo 13. Scott was born June 6, 1932, at Randolph Field (for which
David_Scott
American astronaut and lunar explorer (1932–2018)
astronaut training. When fellow astronaut Clifton Williams was killed in an air crash, a space was opened for Bean on the backup crew for Apollo 9. Apollo 12
Alan_Bean
Monument in Iceland
The Astronaut Monument is a monument commemorating the training of Apollo astronauts in northern Iceland in 1965 and 1967. It is located outside the Exploration
Astronaut_Monument
American lunar astronaut (1933–1994)
test pilot, and NASA astronaut, who was the Command Module Pilot for the Apollo 14 mission. The mission lasted from January 31 to February 9, 1971, and
Stuart_Roosa
2nd group of NASA astronauts
augmented the Mercury Seven. President John F. Kennedy had announced Project Apollo, on May 25, 1961, with the ambitious goal of putting a man on the Moon by
NASA_Astronaut_Group_2
astronauts remained in the program. NASA accepted the seven youngest as NASA astronauts. By the time they joined NASA, all Apollo flight assignments had been
NASA_Astronaut_Group_7
1961–1966 US human spaceflight program
human spaceflight program to fly. It was conducted after the first American crewed space program, Project Mercury, while the Apollo program was still in early
Project_Gemini
1996 American TV series or program
of technicians training to deal with anything that could go wrong. Jeffrey Nordling as commander Neil Armstrong Xander Berkeley as Apollo Lunar Module pilot
Apollo_11_(1996_film)
American astronaut (1930–2012)
roll caused by a stuck thruster. During training for Armstrong's second and last spaceflight as commander of Apollo 11, he had to eject from the Lunar Landing
Neil_Armstrong
program. Similarly to NASA, members of the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) hold one of two ranks. Astronaut Candidate is the rank of those training to
Astronaut_ranks_and_positions
Claims that the Apollo Moon landings were faked
Conspiracy theories claim that some or all elements of the Apollo program and the associated Moon landings were hoaxes staged by NASA, possibly with the
Moon landing conspiracy theories
Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories
Science museum in Huntsville, Alabama
second crewed mission to the lunar surface. It showcases Apollo Program hardware, including the Apollo 16 capsule, and also houses interactive science exhibits
U.S._Space_&_Rocket_Center
1998 American TV miniseries about NASA's Apollo program
April 5 to May 10, 1998. In docudrama format, it tells the story of the Apollo program during the 1960s and early 1970s. Largely based on Andrew Chaikin's
From the Earth to the Moon (miniseries)
From_the_Earth_to_the_Moon_(miniseries)
American electrical engineer and flight controller
February 15, 1936) is a retired NASA flight controller, serving during the Apollo program. Liebergot was an EECOM controller and was responsible for the electrical
Seymour_Liebergot
American astronaut and lunar explorer (1929–2017)
football executive. He was one of 24 Apollo astronauts to reach the Moon, as command module pilot of the Apollo 12 mission, which orbited the Moon 45
Richard_F._Gordon_Jr.
Rock retrieved from the Moon in 1971
The Genesis Rock (sample 15415) is a sample of Moon rock retrieved by Apollo 15 astronauts James Irwin and David Scott in 1971 during the second lunar
Genesis_Rock
NASA engineer (1936–2021)
Gemini and Apollo programs. Lunney was on duty during historic events such as the Apollo 11 lunar ascent and the pivotal hours of the Apollo 13 crisis
Glynn_Lunney
United States historic place in Houston, Texas
used for Apollo 5, Apollo 7, the Skylab and the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (Saturn IB) missions. MOCR 2 was used for all other Gemini and Apollo (Saturn
Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center
Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center
US Navy program that trained personnel in engineering, foreign languages, and medicine
The V-12 Navy College Training Program was designed to supplement the force of commissioned officers in the United States Navy during World War II. Between
V-12 Navy College Training Program
V-12_Navy_College_Training_Program
American astronaut and lunar explorer (1930–1991)
and a United States Air Force pilot. He served as Lunar Module pilot for Apollo 15, the fourth human lunar landing. He was the 8th person to walk on the
James_Irwin
Nylon banner and aluminum staff used on the Apollo Moon landings
of the United States designed to be erected on the Moon during the Apollo program. Six such flag assemblies were planted on the Moon. The nylon flags
Lunar_Flag_Assembly
U.S. military and civilian qualification badge
board the Apollo 1 spacecraft, then given to Slayton after the mission was over. However, the Apollo 1 crew died in a fire during a training exercise on
United States astronaut badges
United_States_astronaut_badges
Division of NASA which trains astronauts
Williams) were killed in T-38 plane crashes during training for spaceflight during the Gemini and Apollo programs. Another was killed in a 1967 automobile accident
NASA_Astronaut_Corps
Group of astronauts selected by NASA in 1966
(MSC) called the Advanced Programs Office. NASA announced plans for the future on March 3. The Apollo Applications Program (AAP), as it was named in September
NASA_Astronaut_Group_5
Division of the US Geological Survey which studies planetary geology and cartography
lunar geologic mapping and to assist in training astronauts destined for the Moon as part of the Apollo program. Since its inception, the Astrogeology
Astrogeology_Research_Program
Crater on the Moon
Mare Tranquillitatis on the Moon, within the Apollo 11 landing site known as Tranquility Base. The Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin
Double_(lunar_crater)
1966 NASA crewed spaceflight
outside of spacecraft. This was instrumental in paving the way for the Apollo program to achieve its goal of landing a man on the Moon by the end of the 1960s
Gemini_12
Bacteria found on Surveyor 3 lunar probe
the Apollo Program, there has been at least one independent investigation into the validity of the NASA claim. Leonard D. Jaffe, a Surveyor program scientist
Reports of Streptococcus mitis on the Moon
Reports_of_Streptococcus_mitis_on_the_Moon
1972 NASA scandal
until September 1972, 15 of the men who entered space as Apollo program astronauts before Apollo 15 had agreed with a West German named Horst Eiermann to
Apollo 15 postal covers incident
Apollo_15_postal_covers_incident
Landing site of Apollo 11 on the Moon
facilities within the U.S. states of California and New Mexico with the Apollo program, the relevant government bodies in these states have registered Tranquility
Tranquility_Base
Small crater on the Moon
Mare Tranquillitatis on the Moon, east of the Apollo 11 landing site known as Tranquility Base. The Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin
Little_West_(lunar_crater)
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