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Astronomical treatise by Claudius Ptolemy
The Almagest (/ˈælmədʒɛst/ AL-mə-jest) is a 2nd-century mathematical and astronomical treatise on the apparent motions of the stars and planetary paths
Almagest
Greco-Roman astronomer and geographer (c. 100–170)
European science. The first was his astronomical treatise now known as the Almagest, originally entitled Mathēmatikḗ Syntaxis (Μαθηματικὴ Σύνταξις, 'Mathematical
Ptolemy
prominent and influential practitioner of Greek astronomy was Ptolemy, whose Almagest shaped astronomical thinking until the modern era. Most of the most prominent
Ancient_Greek_astronomy
Persian mathematician and astronomer (940–998)
interrelations between the six trigonometric lines associated with an arc. His Almagest was widely read by medieval Arabic astronomers in the centuries after his
Abu_al-Wafa'_al-Buzjani
4th-century Alexandrian astronomer and mathematician
the surviving text of Ptolemy's Almagest, based on the title of her father Theon's commentary on Book III of the Almagest. Hypatia constructed astrolabes
Hypatia
Italian astronomer and priest (1598–1671)
of Riccioli's most significant works was his 1651 Almagestum Novum (New Almagest), an encyclopedic work consisting of over 1500 folio pages (38 cm x 25 cm)
Giovanni_Battista_Riccioli
Greek astronomer, geographer and mathematician (c. 190 – c. 120 BCE)
second-century Almagest; and additional references to him in the fourth century by Pappus and Theon of Alexandria in their commentaries on the Almagest. Hipparchus's
Hipparchus
Al-Andalusi mathematician and astronomer
(Correction of the Almagest) influenced Islamic, Jewish, and Christian astronomers. This work is a commentary and reworking of Ptolemy's Almagest and is the first
Jabir_ibn_Aflah
Area of the sky divided into twelve signs
zodiac is described in Ptolemy's comprehensive 2nd century AD work, the Almagest. Although the zodiac remains the basis of the ecliptic coordinate system
Zodiac
Group of stars on the celestial sphere
listed by Ptolemy, a Greco-Roman astronomer from Alexandria, Egypt, in his Almagest. The formation of constellations was the subject of extensive mythology
Constellation
Number
mathematical astronomy called the Syntaxis Mathematica, also known as the Almagest. This Hellenistic zero was perhaps the earliest documented use of a numeral
0
Ancient Greek analogue astronomical computer
could not have been improved until c. 160 AD when Ptolemy published his Almagest (particularly by adding the concept of the equant to his theory), then
Antikythera_mechanism
Radical shift in Western cosmology
however, eclipsed by the geocentric model presented by Ptolemy in the Almagest (c. AD 150) and accepted in Aristotelianism. The arrival of the Andalusian
Copernican_Revolution
British astronomy and mathematics historian (born 1934)
and medieval Islamic astronomy. In particular, he translated Ptolemy's Almagest into English. Formerly a fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge University
Gerald_J._Toomer
964 astronomical text by Abd-al-Rahman Al Sufi
to create a synthesis of the comprehensive star catalogue in Ptolemy's Almagest (Books VII and VIII) with indigenous Arabic astronomical traditions on
The_Book_of_Fixed_Stars
Italian translator and astrologer (c. 1114–1187)
available in Latin. One of Gerard's most famous translations is of Ptolemy's Almagest from Arabic texts found in Toledo. Confusingly, there appear to have been
Gerard_of_Cremona
Area of geometry, about angles and lengths
trigonometric tables (Ptolemy's table of chords) in Book 1, chapter 11 of his Almagest. Ptolemy used chord length to define his trigonometric functions, a minor
Trigonometry
Abbasid astronomer (c. 800 – 870)
astronomy on the celestial motions), was an extensive summary of Ptolemy's Almagest containing revised and more accurate experimental data. Christopher Columbus
Al-Farghani
Danish philologist and historian
Heath translated into English. He also published an edition of Ptolemy's Almagest. Heiberg was born in Aalborg, the son of medical doctor Emil Theodor Heiberg
Johan Ludvig Heiberg (historian)
Johan_Ludvig_Heiberg_(historian)
Astronomical cycle lasting 76 years
subsequently used by later astronomers. In Ptolemy's Almagest, for example, he cites (Almagest VII 3, H25) observations by Timocharis during the 47th
Callippic_cycle
Pseudohistorical Russian theory
antiquity of the Almagest star catalog. Dennis Rawlins further points out that Fomenko's statistical analysis got the wrong date for the Almagest, because Fomenko
New_chronology_(Fomenko)
Mathēmatikē Syntaxis (Ancient Greek: Μαθηματικὴ Σύνταξις), better known as the Almagest, sought to improve on the work of his predecessors by building astronomy
Science in classical antiquity
Science_in_classical_antiquity
Abbasid-era library in Baghdad, modern-day Iraq
"Ekmeleddin Ihsanoğlu, Abbasid House of Wisdom". Almagest. 14 (1): 210–214. doi:10.1484/J.ALMAGEST.5.134615. ISSN 1792-2593. Hannam, James (2023). The
House_of_Wisdom
Astronomical instrument
predecessors knew about the planispheric astrolabe". In chapter 5.1 of the Almagest, Ptolemy describes the construction of an armillary sphere, and it is usually
Astrolabe
Planetary motions in archaic models of the Solar System
extensively used by Ptolemy in his 2nd century AD astronomical treatise the Almagest. Epicyclical motion is used in the Antikythera mechanism,[citation needed]
Deferent_and_epicycle
Designated common star constellations
tradition, most of the northern constellations stem from Ptolemy's list in the Almagest (which in turn has roots that go back to Mesopotamian astronomy), and most
Constellation_family
Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse (1980– c. 2000)
the Japanese champion Nippo Teio. Tolomeo was the first foal of his dam Almagest, whose only win came in a maiden at Leicester Racecourse. As a yearling
Tolomeo_(horse)
Book by Claudius Ptolemaeus
in Koine Greek during the 2nd century CE (c. 90 CE – 168 CE). Ptolemy's Almagest was an authoritative text on astronomy for more than a thousand years,
Tetrabiblos
Mathematics of Ancient Greece and the Mediterranean, 5th BC to 6th AD
both trigonometry and astronomy were further developed by Ptolemy in his Almagest. Euclid devoted part of his Elements (Books VII–IX) to topics that belong
Ancient_Greek_mathematics
Founder of the Ayyubid dynasty (c. 1137 – 1193)
Eddé and al-Wahrani, Saladin was able to answer questions on Euclid, the Almagest, arithmetic, and law, but this was an academic ideal. It was his knowledge
Saladin
Collection of astronomical tables
Ptolemy created after finishing the Almagest. The Handy Tables elaborated the astronomical tables of the Almagest and included usage instructions, but
Handy_Tables
Ancient Roman statue of Greek Deity
around CE 150, during the Roman Empire and after the composition of the Almagest by Claudius Ptolemy, but the celestial globe has long been presumed to
Farnese_Atlas
2nd century AD trigonometric table
century AD, is a trigonometric table in Book I, chapter 11 of Ptolemy's Almagest, a treatise on mathematical astronomy. It is essentially equivalent to
Ptolemy's_table_of_chords
12th-century Syriac (Aramaic) manuscript containing 27 books of the New Testament
manuscripts, including the "Crawford Codex" a Latin translation of the Almagest from Arabic by Gerhard of Cremona. The Irish Syriacist John Gwynn having
Crawford Aramaic New Testament manuscript
Crawford_Aramaic_New_Testament_manuscript
Island northwest of continental Europe
Ireland as little Britain (μικρὰ Βρεττανία mikra Brettania) in his work Almagest (147–148 AD). In his later work, Geography (c. 150 AD), he gave the islands
Great_Britain
Ancient astronomical instrument
astronomical instrument first described by Ptolemy (c. 90 – c. 168) in the Almagest (V. 12). Also known as Parallactic Rulers, it was used for determining
Triquetrum_(astronomy)
Brightest star in Earth's night sky
measurements with those from the second century CE given in Ptolemy's Almagest. The bright stars Aldebaran, Arcturus and Sirius were noted to have moved
Sirius
European history from the 5th to 15th centuries
mathematics. Astronomy advanced following the translation of Ptolemy's Almagest from Greek into Latin in the late 12th century. Medicine was also studied
Middle_Ages
9th-century Arab scholar, son of Hunayn Ibn Ishaq
is also known for his translations of Euclid's Elements and Ptolemy's Almagest. He is the son of the famous translator Hunayn Ibn Ishaq. Cooper, Glen
Ishaq_ibn_Hunayn
Formal and systematic written discourse on some subject
Statecraft Reference De architectura Vitruvius ~30BCE Architecture Reference Almagest Claudius Ptolemaeus 200s Astronomy Reference The Book of Pastoral Rule
Treatise
Mathematical device
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi in his 1247 Tahrir al-Majisti (Commentary on the Almagest) as a solution for the latitudinal motion of the inferior planets and later
Tusi_couple
Fourth planet from the Sun
astronomy was presented in the multi-volume collection later called the Almagest (from the Arabic for "greatest"), which became the authoritative treatise
Mars
Hypothetical planet on the other side of the Sun from Earth
Fragmentary Catasterismi (Eratosthenes) Commentary on the Almagest (Pappus) Commentary on the Almagest (Theon of Alexandria) Great Commentary on the Handy Tables
Counter-Earth
Muslim-ruled parts of the Iberian Peninsula (711–1492)
physical difficulties inherent in the geometrical models of Ptolemy's Almagest and to describe the cosmos in agreement with Aristotelian or Neoplatonic
Al-Andalus
Astronomy in Ancient Egypt
of the era, Ptolemy (90–168 CE). His works on astronomy, including the Almagest, became the most influential books in the history of Western astronomy
Egyptian_astronomy
Solar calendar
is 1/(365.2425-365.24217) Claudius Ptolemy, tr. G. J. Toomer, Ptolemy's Almagest, 1998, Princeton University Press, p. 139. Hipparchus stated that the "solar
Julian_calendar
Scientific study of celestial objects
named after Claudius Ptolemy. His 13-volume astronomy work, named the Almagest in its Arabic translation, became the primary reference for over a thousand
Astronomy
Archipelago in north-western Europe
Ireland as little Britain (μικρὰ Βρεττανία mikra Brettania) in his work Almagest (147–148 AD). According to Philip Freeman in 2001, Ptolemy "is the only
British_Isles
schools and universities today. He also rewrote and corrected Ptolemy's Almagest, replacing chords with sine and tangent tables and adding practical, real-world
History_of_trigonometry
Body of interstellar clouds
they produced. Around 150 AD, Ptolemy recorded, in books VII–VIII of his Almagest, five stars that appeared nebulous. He also noted a region of nebulosity
Nebula
Muslim astronomer and mathematician (died 929)
Hindu or Sasanian astronomy. Al-Battānī refined and corrected Ptolemy's Almagest, but also included new ideas and astronomical tables of his own. A handwritten
Al-Battani
Mathematical symbol
Recorde's The Ground of Arts and Oswald Schreckenfuchs's 1551 edition of Almagest, but these are not symbolizations. In mathematics, the symbol × has a number
Multiplication_sign
ancient Greek-language descriptions. The astronomer Claudius Ptolemy in his Almagest (2nd century) tabulated the celestial position and brightness (visual magnitude)
List_of_Arabic_star_names
very few practicing astronomers or astrologers actually read Ptolemy's Almagest, which had been translated into Latin by Gerard of Cremona in the 12th
Science_in_the_Renaissance
Constellation in the northern sky
constellations listed by the 2nd century AD astronomer Ptolemy in his Almagest, who called it Arktos Megale. The constellation of Ursa Major has been
Ursa_Major
Method of curve fitting
Chapters on the Mathematical Art (九章算術), dated from 200 BC to AD 100 and the Almagest (2nd century AD) by Ptolemy. The basic operation of linear interpolation
Linear_interpolation
System of writing numbers using Greek letters
numerous examples Ptolemy, Claudius (1998) [100–170 CE]. "Book VI". Ptolemy's Almagest. Translated by Toomer, G.J. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Greek_numerals
Pseudoscientific divination based on the movements of the stars
(also called precession of the equinoxes) into account since Ptolemy's Almagest, so the "first point of Aries", the start of the astrological year, continually
Astrology
Greek astronomer
meridian-astronomy observers. Six of his stellar declinations are preserved in the Almagest (7.3). All are exactly correct within his over-cautious rounding to 1/4
Aristyllus
Change of rotational axis in an astronomical body
(190–120 BC) of Rhodes or Nicaea, a Greek astronomer. According to Ptolemy's Almagest, Hipparchus measured the longitude of Spica and other bright stars. Comparing
Axial_precession
Annual publication of prospective events
to the more common "auxiliary astronomical tables" based on Ptolemy's Almagest. The earliest known almanac in this modern sense is the Almanac of Azarqueil
Almanac
Female adult human
Hypatia (b. 350-370 CE), a mathematician and astronomer who edited the Almagest. The earliest author known by name was an Akkadian woman named Enheduanna
Woman
Italian banker and politician (1372–1462)
bought manuscripts from Greece, and had translated into Italian, for the Almagest by Claudius Ptolemy; the Lives by Plutarch; works by Plato, and the Politics
Palla_Strozzi
Greek mathematician and physicist (c. 287 – 212 BC)
quoting Hipparchus, also references Archimedes' solstice observations in the Almagest. This would make Archimedes the first known Greek to have recorded multiple
Archimedes
Island in the North Atlantic Ocean
of Ireland come from classical Greco-Roman geographers. Ptolemy in his Almagest refers to Ireland as Mikra Brettania ("Little Britain"), in contrast to
Ireland
Byzantine Greek philosopher, scholar and humanist
Page from Book X of George of Trebizond's Commentary on the Almagest. On the left, is a model of the planet Mercury, showing its closest approach to the
George_of_Trebizond
Planets visible to the naked eye
"What's New in Ptolemy's Almagest", Nuncius, 22 (2): 271, doi:10.1163/221058707X00549 Pedersen, Olaf (2011), A Survey of the Almagest, Sources and Studies
Classical_planet
Book by Sacrobosco
Johannes de Sacrobosco (John of Holywood) c. 1230. Based heavily on Ptolemy's Almagest, and drawing additional ideas from Islamic astronomy, it was one of the
De_sphaera_mundi
Number, approximately 3.14
equal to 22/7. Around 150 AD, Greco-Roman scientist Ptolemy, in his Almagest, gave a value for π of 3.1416, which he may have obtained from Archimedes
Pi
Sicilian archdeacon and religious scholar (died 1162)
received from the emperor Manuel I Comnenus a Greek copy of Ptolemy's Almagest. A student of the Schola Medica Salernitana tracked down Aristippus and
Henry_Aristippus
Observatory in Samarkand, Uzbekistan
have been published since the Almagest written by Ptolemy. The Zij-I Sultani includes the stars explained in the Almagest, but has more accurate numbers
Ulugh_Beg_Observatory
Fifteenth letter of the Greek alphabet
Omicron Ceti (Mira), and Omicron Persei. In Claudius Ptolemy's (c. 100–170) Almagest, tables of sexagesimal numbers 1 ... 59 are represented in the conventional
Omicron
Legendary creature
Ptolemy (c. 100 – c. 170 AD) increased this number to thirty-one in his Almagest. In the New Testament, Revelation 12:3, written by John of Patmos, describes
Dragon
Systematic endeavour to gain knowledge
because it was believed to violate the laws of physics, while Ptolemy's Almagest, which contains a geocentric description of the Solar System, was accepted
Science
Deity of Planet Mercury
Siddhanta Shiromani 87 days, 23 hours, 16 minutes, 41.5 seconds Ptolemy (Almagest) 87 days, 23 hours, 16 minutes, 42.9 seconds 20th century calculation 87 days
Budha
Greek scholar and mathematician (c. 335–405)
dedicated his commentary on the Almagest to a boy named Epiphanius, who may have been his son. Also, in his commentary on the Almagest he states that his daughter
Theon_of_Alexandria
Base sixty numeral system
mathematics and music theory in an attempt to explain this passage. Ptolemy's Almagest, a treatise on mathematical astronomy written in the second century AD
Sexagesimal
He is known for his critique of errors in the transmission of Ptolemy's Almagest, for which he examined one Syriac and four Arabic manuscripts. He wrote
Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Sari Ibn al-Salah
Ahmad_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_al-Sari_Ibn_al-Salah
Decade
major works this decade, the Geographia, the earliest known atlas, and the Almagest, a treatise accepted for over 1200 years. The Roman town Forum Hadriani
150s
Star at the centre of the Solar System
1177/002182869702800101. S2CID 118875902. Ptolemy; Toomer, G. J. (1998). Ptolemy's Almagest. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-00260-6. Mallory, James P.;
Sun
Provençal-Jewish physician and philosopher (f. 14th century)
finished Aug. 23, 1335; commentary on the Almagest, parts i.-iii.; translation of a compendium of the "Almagest" by Abu Mohammed Jabar ibn Aflah, translated
Miles_of_Marseilles
Fifth planet from the Sun
the velocity of Jupiter along the ecliptic. In his 2nd century work the Almagest, the Hellenistic astronomer Claudius Ptolemaeus constructed a geocentric
Jupiter
Constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere
κολλοροβος, kollorobos) of Boötes. When the Greek astronomer Ptolemy's Almagest was translated from Greek to Arabic, the translator Hunayn ibn Ishaq did
Canes_Venatici
Mathematician and astronomer (1473–1543)
Copernicus was developing new ideas inspired by reading the "Epitome of the Almagest" (Epitome in Almagestum Ptolemei) by George von Peuerbach and Johannes
Nicolaus_Copernicus
Superseded description of the Universe with Earth at the center
planets. After the translation movement that included the translation of Almagest from Latin to Arabic, Muslims adopted and refined the geocentric model
Geocentrism
Elements of some cosmological models
and who moves its sphere simply by virtue of being loved by it. In his Almagest, the astronomer Ptolemy (fl. c. 150 AD) developed geometrical predictive
Celestial_spheres
Second planet from the Sun
traditional Greek names. In the second century, in his astronomical treatise Almagest, Ptolemy theorized that both Mercury and Venus were located between the
Venus
Great semicircle passing through the celestial poles
Sphere. Cambridge University Press. Local Horizon and Meridian. (A Modern Almagest - An Updated Version of Ptolemy’s Model of the Solar System by Richard
Meridian_(astronomy)
Persian astronomer (903–986)
translating and expanding ancient Greek astronomical works, especially the Almagest of Ptolemy. He made corrections to Ptolemy's star list, and his estimations
Abd_al-Rahman_al-Sufi
Property of all triangles on a Euclidean plane
2nd century Hellenistic astronomer Ptolemy and used occasionally in his Almagest. Statements related to the law of sines appear in the astronomical and
Law_of_sines
Spanish Jewish philosopher (c. 1215–c. 1274)
interpreted philosophically. It also includes adaptation of Ptolemy's Almagest, which he arranged in eight chapters, and of his Quadripartitum under the
Judah_ben_Solomon_ha-Kohen
Instrument to determine the moment of the equinoxes
very precisely or false measurements could occur. Ptolemy mentions in the Almagest that one of the equatorial rings in use in Alexandria had shifted slightly
Equatorial_ring
Babylonian mathematical clay tablet
10, was used much later by Greek mathematician Claudius Ptolemy in his Almagest. Ptolemy did not explain where this approximation came from and it may
YBC_7289
Islamic mathematician (c. 780 – c. 850)
India. He also borrowed material from the massive second-century work Almagest (The greatest compilation), created by the Greek astronomer Claudius Ptolemy
Al-Khwarizmi
Relates the 4 sides and 2 diagonals of a quadrilateral with vertices on a common circle
to the Third Theorem as chronicled by Copernicus following Ptolemy in Almagest. In particular if the sides of a pentagon (subtending 36° at the circumference)
Ptolemy's_theorem
elements of astronomy and geocentric cosmology, based heavily on Ptolemy's Almagest, and was used until the 17th century. IAU · 14541 14542 Karitskaya 1997
Meanings of minor-planet names: 14001–15000
Meanings_of_minor-planet_names:_14001–15000
Problem of constructing equal-area shapes
Smyrna Thymaridas Xenocrates Zeno of Elea Zeno of Sidon Zenodorus Treatises Almagest Arithmetica Conics (Apollonius) Catoptrics Data (Euclid) Elements (Euclid)
Squaring_the_circle
Topics referred to by the same term
Syntaxis may refer to: Syntaxis Mathematica, an alternative name of Ptolemy's Almagest Syntaxis, a synonym of the moth genus Leucoperina Syntaxis, the tribute
Syntaxis
Brightness of a celestial object observed from the Earth
crude scale for the brightness of stars was popularized by Ptolemy in his Almagest and is generally believed to have originated with Hipparchus. This cannot
Apparent_magnitude
Jewish astronomer
the Almagest of Ptolemy Iggeret ha-Ma'aseh be-Luaḥ ha-Niḳra Sofiḥah preface to Abraham bar Ḥiyya's astronomical work an extract from the Almagest on the
Jacob_ben_Machir_ibn_Tibbon
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