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Period of architecture in North Africa
Aghlabid architecture dates to the rule of the Aghlabid dynasty in Ifriqiya (modern-day Tunisia) during the 9th century and the beginning of the 10th
Aghlabid_architecture
800–909 Arab dynasty of North Africa and South Italy
The Aghlabid dynasty (Arabic: الأغالبة) was an Arab dynasty that ruled Ifriqiya from 800 to 909, nominally as vassals of the Abbasid Caliphate. During
Aghlabid_dynasty
Historic water reservoirs in Kairouan, Tunisia
The Aghlabid Basins or Aghlabid Reservoirs are a series of historic water reservoirs and hydraulic works in Kairouan, Tunisia. They were built under Aghlabid
Aghlabid_Basins
Mosque in Kairouan, Tunisia
mosque was restored. The architectural design of the Aghlabids can be characterized from the inheritance of the local architectural tradition and the simultaneous
Mosque_of_the_Three_Doors
(750–909) Fatimid architecture (909–1048) Moorish architecture (788–1550) Idrisid architecture (788–974, Far Maghreb) Aghlabid architecture (800–909, Eastern
List_of_architectural_styles
form to the Aghlabid emir Abu Ibrahim Ahmad (r. 856–863). Much of Aghlabid architecture, even their mosques, had a heavy and almost fortress-like appearance
Architecture_of_Tunisia
Mosque in Sousse, Tunisia
ruler Abu al-‘Abbas Muhammad al-Aghlabi. It is a major monument of Aghlabid architecture in the early Islamic period. The mosque was renovated and its prayer
Great_Mosque_of_Sousse
Fort in Tunisia
completed in its current form during the early 9th century, under the Aghlabid dynasty. Although a large number of ribats were built in the region during
Ribat_of_Sousse
Historic mosque in Sfax, Tunisia
was initially built towards the mid-9th century under the rule of the Aghlabid dynasty. The mosque was the urban and religious heart of the city and it
Great_Mosque_of_Sfax
Fort in Tunisia
of Ifriqiya Ziyadat Allah III of Ifriqiya Ibrahim II of Ifriqiya Architecture Aghlabid Basins Al-Zaytuna Mosque Great Mosque of Sfax Great Mosque of Sousse
Ribat_of_Monastir
Tunisian religious building and site of Islamic worship
of Islamic architecture, notable among other things for the first Islamic use of the horseshoe arch. Extensive works under the Aghlabids two centuries
Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan
Historical mosque in Tunis, Tunisia
and gold leaf, from the Aghlabid period Exterior view of the dome in front of the mihrab Islam portal Africa portal Architecture portal Islam in Tunisia
Al-Zaytuna_Mosque
Islamic building style from the 8th to 13th centuries
"Abbasid Palace" Aghlabid architecture Al-Khulafa Mosque Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab Al Faihani Palace This mausoleum lacks architectural inscriptions. An
Abbasid_architecture
Fort in Tunisia
a small Aghlabid ribat in the coastal town of Lamta, Tunisia. The building was constructed in 859 (corresponding to 245 AH) by the Aghlabid prince Abu
Ribat_of_Lamta
Architectural style associated with the western Islamic world
and practical infrastructure works like the Aghlabid Reservoirs of Kairouan. Much of their architecture, even their mosques, had a heavy and almost fortress-like
Moorish_architecture
Fourth Islamic caliphate (909–1171)
other Muslim lands and adjacent regions. Starting in Ifriqiya under the Aghlabids, who were themselves nominally under the Abbasid Caliphate, the Fatimids
Fatimid_Caliphate
much of its history. Under the Aghlabids (9th century), the Great Mosque of Kairouan was rebuilt and Abbasid architectural innovations, such as the minaret
Architecture_of_Africa
Architectural styles of buildings associated with Islam
were de facto independent. The Aghlabids in Ifriqiya (roughly modern-day Tunisia) were notable patrons of architecture themselves, responsible for rebuilding
Islamic_architecture
controlled by multiple successive dynasties including the Rustamids, the Aghlabids, the Fatimids, and the Zirids. The Mosque of Sidi Uqba, in the village
Architecture_of_Algeria
10th-century Iraqi Isma'ili missionary
on the conquest of Ifriqiya from 902 to 909 and the overthrowing of the Aghlabid dynasty. This ultimately led to the establishment of the Fatimid Caliphate
Abu_Abdallah_al-Shi'i
9th-century capital of the Aghlabid Emirate, near present-day Kairouan, Tunisia
رقّادة) is the site of the second capital of the 9th-century dynasty of Aghlabids, located about ten kilometers southwest of Kairouan, Tunisia. The site
Raqqada
Construction in stone of alternating colours
renovation by the Zirids in 991. This feature was not seen in earlier Aghlabid architecture in this region but may have been a continuation of earlier local
Ablaq
Emir of Ifriqiya (864–875)
of Ifriqiya Ziyadat Allah III of Ifriqiya Ibrahim II of Ifriqiya Architecture Aghlabid Basins Al-Zaytuna Mosque Great Mosque of Sfax Great Mosque of Sousse
Muhammad_II_of_Ifriqiya
Emblematic arch common in Moorish architecture
Horseshoe arches of a slightly pointed form were also used in Aghlabid architecture of the 9th century, including the Great Mosque of Kairouan (circa
Horseshoe_arch
capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. Great Mosque of Kairouan founded in Aghlabid Tunisia. 838 – Jawsaq Khakani Palace built in Samarra. 840s – Santa María
9th_century_in_architecture
Emir of Ifriqiya from 875 to 902
took ill with dysentery and died. Abu Ishaq Ibrahim was the son of the Aghlabid emir Ahmad of Ifriqiya. After his father's death in 863, the emirate of
Ibrahim_II_of_Ifriqiya
Medieval migrations of Arabs to the Maghreb
established numerous Arab empires and dynasties in the Maghreb, such as the Aghlabids, Idrisids, Sulaymanids, Salihids, Fatimids, Saadians and 'Alawites. Arab
Arab migrations to the Maghreb
Arab_migrations_to_the_Maghreb
Emir of Ifriqiya (902 – 903)
of Ifriqiya Ziyadat Allah III of Ifriqiya Ibrahim II of Ifriqiya Architecture Aghlabid Basins Al-Zaytuna Mosque Great Mosque of Sfax Great Mosque of Sousse
Abdallah_II_of_Ifriqiya
Emir of Ifriqiya (817–838)
Ibrahim ibn al-Aghlab (Arabic: زيادة الله الأول) (d. 10 June 838) was the Aghlabid ruler (amir) of Ifriqiya from 817 until his death in 838. His reign marked
Ziyadat_Allah_I_of_Ifriqiya
Last Aghlabid Emir of Ifriqiya (903–909)
زيادة الله الثالث) (died 911–916) was the eleventh and last Emir of the Aghlabids in Ifriqiya (903–909). He came to power after the murder of his father
Ziyadat_Allah_III_of_Ifriqiya
Building style of the 10th to 12th centuries
al-Shi'i, who organized a Berber uprising that overthrew the Tunisian Aghlabid dynasty, and then invited al-Mahdi to assume the position of imam and caliph
Fatimid_architecture
Emir of Ifriqiya (from 800 – 812)
(Arabic: إبراهيم ابن الأغلب; 756–812) was the first Emir of the Ifriqiya from Aghlabid family (800–812). He was the son of al-Aghlab, a Khurasani Arab who had
Ibrahim_I_ibn_al-Aghlab
Emir of Ifriqiya (812–817)
(Arabic: أبو العباس عبد الله الأول بن إبراهيم الأول الأغلبي) was the second Aghlabid emir of Ifriqiya, ruling from October/November 812 to his death on 25 June
Abdallah_ibn_Ibrahim
Mosque in Tunis, Tunisia
grooves. This is a feature with local precedents dating back to Aghlabid architecture in the 9th century. "Lieux de culte Municipalité de Tunis" (in French)
Al-Hawa_Mosque
Emir of Ifriqiya (841–856)
أبو العباس محمد الأول بن الأغلب) (died 856) was the fifth emir of the Aghlabid dynasty, who ruled over Ifriqiya, Malta, and most of Sicily from 841 until
Muhammad_I_ibn_al-Aghlab
Battle during the Muslim conquest of Sicily
capture of the Byzantine city of Melite (modern Mdina, Malta) by an invading Aghlabid army in 870 AD. The siege was initially led by Halaf al-Hādim, a renowned
Siege_of_Melite_(870)
Period of Sicilian history under Islamic rule from 827 to 1091
present-day Tunisia) began launching raids in 652. During the reign of the Aghlabid dynasty of Ifriqiya, a prolonged series of conflicts from 827 to 902 resulted
Muslim_Sicily
Emir of Ifriqiya (856–863)
II ibn Muhammad (Arabic: أبو محمد زيادة الله بن محمد) was the seventh Aghlabid emir of Ifriqiya, ruling from 28 December 863 to his death on 23 December
Ziyadat_Allah_II_ibn_Muhammad
Ethnic group indigenous to North Africa
the Aghlabids, ruled independently until 909, presiding over a court that became a center of learning and culture. Just to the west of Aghlabid lands
Berbers
Period of architecture in North Africa
own longstanding tradition of western Islamic architecture that developed under the earlier Aghlabids (9th century), Fatimids (10th century), and Zirids
Hafsid_architecture
traditional architecture. The kasbah was established as a part of a coastal surveillance and security campaign carried out by the Aghlabid state's main
Kasbah_of_Sfax
Emir of Ifriqiya (838–841)
al-Aghlab ibn Ibrahim (Arabic: أبو عقال الأغلب بن إبراهيم) was the fourth Aghlabid emir of Ifriqiya, ruling from 838 to his death in February 841. He was
Abu Iqal al-Aghlab ibn Ibrahim
Abu_Iqal_al-Aghlab_ibn_Ibrahim
Capital and largest city of Tunisia
Mediterranean Sea, and took on considerable military importance. Under the Aghlabids, the city gained significance and benefited from economic improvements
Tunis
City in Kairouan Governorate, Tunisia
emir and hereditary ruler of Ifriqiya. Ibrahim ibn al-Aghlab founded the Aghlabid dynasty which ruled Ifriqiya between 800 and 909. The new emirs embellished
Kairouan
Mediterranean naval battle of 849
Sibylle (2011). "The History of the Aghlabids". In Hattstein, Markus; Delius, Peter (eds.). Islam: Art and Architecture. h.f.ullmann. p. 131. ISBN 978-3848003808
Battle_of_Ostia
emir. The architecture of Ifriqiya was later imitated further west in Fez, Tlemcen, and Bougie. The location of these palace cities for Aghlabid government
History of early Islamic Tunisia
History_of_early_Islamic_Tunisia
Emir of Ifriqiya (856–863)
Ibrahim Ahmad ibn Muhammad (Arabic: أبو إبراهيم أحمد بن محمد) was the sixth Aghlabid emir of Ifriqiya, ruling from 856 to his death on 28 December 863. He succeeded
Abu Ibrahim Ahmad ibn Muhammad
Abu_Ibrahim_Ahmad_ibn_Muhammad
medina is the medina quarter of the Tunisian city of Sfax. It was built by Aghlabid prince Abu Abbass Muhammad between 849 and 851. The medina is home to about
Medina_of_Sfax
Early Quranic manuscript
was created under the Abbasid, Fatimid, or Umayyad Caliphates, or the Aghlabid or Kalbid dynasties; this would mean it was produced between the 8th and
Blue_Quran
Ruler of the Carolingian Empire from 844 to 875
independent principality. Radelchis, now pacified, had no need of his Aghlabid mercenaries and happily betrayed them to the emperor. Louis fell on them
Louis_II_of_Italy
Islam is believed to have been introduced to Malta when the North African Aghlabids, first led by Halaf al-Hadim and later by Sawada ibn Muhammad, conquered
Islam_in_Malta
Architectural element
art and architecture; particularly in the Moorish architecture of al-Andalus (Iberian Peninsula) and North Africa and in Mughal architecture of the Indian
Multifoil_arch
Historical term used for various Muslim peoples
applied to the Muslims of Sicily, who began to arrive there during the Aghlabid conquest of the 9th century. The word passed into Spanish, Portuguese,
Moors
Wedge-shaped element used in building an arch or vault
originally developed in Roman architecture to strengthen the structure, before being implemented in Islamic architecture. The wedged pieces have a curved
Voussoir
Port city in Tunisia
country after the capital, Tunis. Present-day Sfax was founded by the Aghlabids in AD 849 on the site of the town of Taparura. The modern city has also
Sfax
Domes in religious architecture in the Early Middle Ages
recently under Byzantine control, were an extension of earlier Roman architecture. The early Islamic domes in the Syrian region as well as the Mausoleum
Early_medieval_domes
Ancient city in Malta
Byzantine Empire until 870 AD, when it was captured and destroyed by the Aghlabids. The city was then rebuilt and renamed Medina, giving rise to the present
Melite_(ancient_city)
Type of dwelling in Gozo, Malta
century with the Aghlabid Muslims of Tunisia who will remain in Malta archipelago during three centuries. At this state, the architecture was still humble
Gozo_farmhouse
Mediterranean island country
vesslised tribal city state from Misrata during both Fatimid Caliphate and the Aghlabid dynasty. It is uncertain whether this new settlement resulted from demographic
Malta
residences of the ruling amir. The architecture was later imitated in Fez, Tlemcen, and Bougie. The location of these Aghlabid government centers was outside
History_of_Tunisia
Architectural feature of mosques
minaret. The minaret at the Great Mosque of Kairouan, built in 836 under Aghlabid rule, is the oldest minaret in North Africa and one of the oldest minarets
Minaret
Berber dynasty in north Africa
Islamic Art and Architecture 650-1250: 2nd Edition By Richard Ettinghausen, Oleg Grabar, Professor Emeritus of Islamic Art and Architecture Oleg Grabar,
Hammadid_dynasty
Moroccan sultanate (1666–1912)
Sheila S., eds. (2009). "Architecture; VII. c. 1500–c. 1900.; E. Morocco". The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press
Alawi_Sultanate
Place in Ifriqiya
al-Shi'i, who organized a Berber uprising that overthrew the Tunisian Aghlabid dynasty, and then invited el-Mahdi to assume the position of imam and caliph
Mansouria,_Tunisia
Early Islamic rationalist theological sect
conformed to Mu'tazila doctrine, until it was reversed by al-Mutawakkil. The Aghlabids (800–909 CE) also adhered to Mu'tazilism, which they imposed as the state
Mu'tazilism
Architectural element
profile of lobes and points. It is especially characteristic of Moorish architecture in North Africa and present-day Spain. The muqarnas arch, whose intrados
Lambrequin_arch
Structure for measuring the Nile River's clarity and water level
January 1978). Early Muslim Architecture: Umayyads, Early 'Abbasids and Tulunids: II: Early 'Abbasids, Umayyads of Cordova, Aghlabids, Tulunids and Samanids
Nilometer
Municipality in Medenine Governorate, Tunisia
tourist destination, it is best known for its traditional souk and the Aghlabid fortress. It is located at approximately 20 km (12 miles) from Ajim and
Houmt_El_Souk
Isma'ili Imam and first Fatimid Caliph from 909 to 934
Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i, at the head of the Kutama Berbers overthrew the Aghlabid dynasty of Ifriqiya in 909. Proclaimed caliph and assuming power in Ifriqiya
Abd_Allah_al-Mahdi_Billah
Third Islamic caliphate
dynasties that controlled different regions of the empire, such as the Aghlabids, Tahirids, Samanids, Saffarids, and Tulunids. After a period of turmoil
Abbasid_Caliphate
List of tombs in Malta
Empire Roman Republic Invasion Roman Empire Byzantine rule Arab Period Aghlabid invasion Byzantine invasion Kingdom of Sicily Norman invasion Battle of
Tombs_of_Malta
Country in North Africa
of Ifriqiya in 800, Libya enjoyed considerable local autonomy under the Aghlabid dynasty. By the 10th century, the Shiite Fatimids controlled Western Libya
Libya
Anderson, Glaire D.; Fenwick, Corisande; Rosser-Owen, Mariam (eds.). The Aghlabids and Their Neighbors: Art and Material Culture in Ninth-Century North Africa
List_of_the_oldest_mosques
Church in Mdina, Malta
disrepair during the Arab period (the churches in Melite were looted after the Aghlabid invasion in 870). In Arab times, as revealed by excavations, the site was
St_Paul's_Cathedral,_Mdina
Pulpit in a mosque
Tunisia. It dates from around 860 or 862 CE, under the tenure of the Aghlabid governor Abu Ibrahim Ahmad, and was imported in whole or in part from Baghdad
Minbar
Comune in Sicily, Italy
Sunni Aghlabid dynasty and the Ismaili Shia Fatimid dynasty. The Sicilian emir Ahmad b. al-Qurhub, who remained loyal to the deposed Aghlabid dynasty
Taormina
Type of castle
preserved in toponyms in places such as Sicily, which was occupied by the Aghlabid dynasty and then the Fatimids from the ninth to the twelfth centuries.
Qal'a
Capital and most populous city of Libya
the Mamluks), and Kairouan in Ifriqiya (the Arab Fihrid, Muhallabid, and Aghlabid dynasties). For some time it was a part of the Berber Almohad Caliphate
Tripoli,_Libya
Ruling dynasty of Morocco since 1631
Islam. Cambridge University Press. Arnold, Felix (2017). Islamic Palace Architecture in the Western Mediterranean: A History. Oxford University Press. pp
Alawi_dynasty
Island in the Mediterranean and region of Italy
Sardinia and Corsica. Some modern references state that Sardinia came under Aghlabid control around 810 or after the beginning of the conquest of Sicily in
Sardinia
Place of worship for Muslims
Tunisia, from the Aghlabid period The Persian style prayer hall of the Shah Mosque in Isfahan, Iran Ottoman Baroque architecture prayer hall of the Nuruosmaniye
Mosque
Island in the Mediterranean, region of Italy
out to North Africa. He offered the rule of Sicily to Ziyadat Allah, the Aghlabid Emir of Tunisia, in return for a position as a general and a place of safety
Sicily
State in Islamic Iberia (756–1031 CE)
culture, including the construction of well-known pieces of Andalusi architecture, most notably the Great Mosque of Córdoba and the palatine city of Madinat
Umayyad_state_of_Córdoba
Historic site in Governorate of Sousse, Tunisia
witnessed the early post-conquest civilisations. Its architectural style, from the time of the Aghlabid, is representative of the military coastal constructions
Medina_of_Sousse
People of Tunisia
Tunisian classical music is the Malouf. Deriving from the reign of the Aghlabids in the 15th century, it is a particular type of Andalusian music. In urban
Tunisians
First Islamic caliphate (632–661)
Garde-Freinet by the Umayyad state of Córdoba, and the conquest of Sicily by the Aghlabid dynasty. The four Rashidun Caliphs (all companions of Muhammad) not only
Rashidun_Caliphate
Italy dates back to the 9th century, when Sicily came under control of the Aghlabid Dynasty. There was a large Muslim presence in Italy from 827 (the first
Islam_in_Italy
Ribat of Sousse and the Ribat of Monastir, both dating generally from the Aghlabid period in the 9th century. A ribat was a type of residential fortress which
Fortifications_of_the_Maghreb
1954–1962 war of Algerian independence from France
revolution that failed. London: Pall mall Press Ltd, 1966. Samia Henni: Architecture of Counterrevolution. The French Army in Northern Algeria, gta Verlag
Algerian_War
European history from the 5th to 15th centuries
Muslim lands. Umayyad descendants took over the Iberian Peninsula, the Aghlabids controlled North Africa, and the Tulunids became rulers of Egypt. By the
Middle_Ages
1121–1269 Berber empire in North Africa and Iberia
Moorish architecture, establishing many of the forms and motifs that were refined in subsequent centuries. The main sites of Almohad architecture and art
Almohad_Caliphate
Region of North Africa; the western half of the Arab world
Caliphate. The most enduring rule was that of the local Arab empires of the Aghlabids, Idrisids, Salihids, Sulaymanids, Umayyads of Cordoba, Hammudids, Nasrids
Maghreb
Region of northern Algeria inhabited by Kabyle people
founding of the Fatimid Caliphate, whose support in the overthrowing of the Aghlabids of Ifriqiya resulted in the creation of the Caliphate, although the ruling
Kabylia
Abbasid-era library in Baghdad, modern-day Iraq
the scholars may have needed in order to make their contributions. The Aghlabids House of Wisdom founded in Raqqada by Amir Ibrahim Ibn Mohammad al-Aghlabī
House_of_Wisdom
Second Islamic caliphate (661–750)
figures and animals. Umayyad architecture was thus an important transitional period during which early Islamic architecture and visual culture began to
Umayyad_Caliphate
City in the Western Region of Malta
which was ruled by governor Amros (probably Ambrosios), was besieged by Aghlabids led by Halaf al-Hādim. He was killed in the fighting, and Sawāda Ibn Muḥammad
Mdina
788–974 Arab dynasty ruling in the western Maghreb
waves of Arab immigration: one in 818 from Cordoba and another in 824 from Aghlabid Tunisia, giving Fes a more Arab character than other Maghrebi cities. When
Idrisid_dynasty
Brill. pp. 488–490. ISBN 9789004161214. Bloom, Jonathan M. (2020). Architecture of the Islamic West: North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, 700–1800
List_of_mosques_in_Tunisia
Country in North Africa
connection between the two regions. The Arab governors of Tunis founded the Aghlabid dynasty, which ruled Tunisia, Tripolitania and eastern Algeria from 800
Tunisia
Ancient city in Tunisia
center under the Umayyad Caliphate in the early 8th century. Under the Aghlabids, the people of Tunis revolted numerous times, but the city profited from
Carthage
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