Search references for ABU NIDAL. Phrases containing ABU NIDAL
See searches and references containing ABU NIDAL!ABU NIDAL
Palestinian militant (1937–2002)
صبري خليل البنا; May 1937 – 16 August 2002), known by his nom de guerre Abu Nidal ("father of struggle"), was a Palestinian militant. He was the founder
Abu_Nidal
1974–1997 Palestinian nationalist militant group
The Abu Nidal Organization (ANO; Arabic: منظمة أبو نضال Munaẓẓamat Abu Nidal), officially Fatah – Revolutionary Council (فتح – المجلس الثوري Fatah al-Majles
Abu_Nidal_Organization
Speculation on the 1988 bombing
who stated after defecting to Germany that Iran had asked Libya and Abu Nidal, a Palestinian guerrilla leader, to carry out the attack on Pan Am 103
Pan Am Flight 103 conspiracy theories
Pan_Am_Flight_103_conspiracy_theories
Executions within the Abu Nidal Organization
The Abu Nidal Organization internal executions were the mass executions of members of the Abu Nidal Organization and their families by Abu Nidal and key
Abu Nidal Organization internal executions
Abu_Nidal_Organization_internal_executions
1987 studio album by Muslimgauze
Abu Nidal is an album by Muslimgauze titled after Abu Nidal. This album was dedicated to the PLO. Although the album was only pressed to 12" vinyl, all
Abu_Nidal_(album)
Palestinian Fatah senior official (1933–1991)
Organization. Suspected of having helped the CIA to break up Abu Nidal's so-called "Abu Nidal Organization", Khalaf was assassinated by a member of that
Salah_Khalaf
Palestinian politician and PLO member (born 1946)
member of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and then of the Abu Nidal Organization (ANO). His membership to the latter lasted until 1990. He
Atef_Abu_Bakr
Political party in Palestine
Front (Abu Nidal Ashqar wing) (Arabic: جبهة التحرير الفلسطينية (جناح أبو نضال الأشقر))), is a Palestinian political faction led by Abu Nidal Ashqar.
Palestinian Liberation Front (Abu Nidal Ashqar wing)
Palestinian_Liberation_Front_(Abu_Nidal_Ashqar_wing)
Israeli retaliatory assassination campaign
leader of Black September, Abu Iyad, was also not killed by Israel, although he was assassinated in 1991 in Tunis by the Abu Nidal Organization. Former Mossad
Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre
Mossad_assassinations_following_the_Munich_massacre
1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon
codenamed Operation Peace for Galilee, was launched after gunmen from the Abu Nidal Organization attempted to assassinate Shlomo Argov, Israel's ambassador
1982_Lebanon_War
Abu Nidal (Sabri al-Banna) was regarded as the most dangerous of the Palestinian political leaders. Abu Nidal, whose pseudonym means "father of struggle"
List of attacks attributed to Abu Nidal
List_of_attacks_attributed_to_Abu_Nidal
British electronic musician
Muslimgauze was the main musical project of Bryn Jones (17 June 1961 – 14 January 1999), a British experimental musician who was influenced by conflicts
Muslimgauze
Fatah member (1936–1991)
as Abu Muhammad, was a Palestinian who was a member of the Fatah movement. He was an aide of Salah Khalaf. They were assassinated by the Abu Nidal Organization
Fakhri_Al_Omari
assassination". United News of India. Retrieved 17 October 2024. Al-Mughrabi, Nidal. "Khaled Meshaal, who survived Israeli assassination attempt, tipped to
List_of_leaders_of_Hamas
Defunct bank founded to commit fraud and other crimes (1972–1991)
relating to Abu Nidal's accounts. One source was the Syrian-born branch manager, Ghassan Qassem, the second a young British employee. The Abu Nidal link man
Bank of Credit and Commerce International
Bank_of_Credit_and_Commerce_International
Indian flight attendant of Pan Am Flight 73 (1963–1986)
Flight 73, which had been hijacked by four Palestinian terrorists from the Abu Nidal Organization after it made a stopover at Jinnah International Airport
Neerja_Bhanot
Palestinian political faction
to have the ability to influence violent Palestinians. In addition to Abu Nidal and the PLF, the 1st of May organisation is also said to have operated
Palestinian_Liberation_Front
Demarcation line halving Gaza as part of the October 2025 peace plan
permanently divided, top official warns". 14 May 2026. Magid, Pesha; Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Cornwell, Alexander (29 April 2026). "Israeli maps outline expanded zone
Yellow_Line_(Gaza)
Topics referred to by the same term
d'Ivoirian singer Abu Nidal (1937–2002), founder of the militant Palestinian splinter group Fatah – The Revolutionary Council Umm Nidal (1948–2013), Palestinian
Nidal
1983 fatal airliner bombing
group, Abu Nidal Organization, exploded in the baggage compartment, resulting in a fire. The aircraft crashed in the desert near Jebel Ali between Abu Dhabi
Gulf_Air_Flight_771
Palestinian political party
terrorist attacks, attributing them to Black September, Abu Nidal's Fatah-Revolutionary Council, Abu Musa's group, the PFLP, and the PFLP-GC.[dubious – discuss]
Fatah
Leader of Libya from 1969 to 2011
Palestine, As-Sa'iqa, the Palestinian Popular Struggle Front, and the Abu Nidal Organization. He funded the Black September Organization which perpetrated
Muammar_Gaddafi
1988 aircraft bombing over Scotland
the next two weeks by someone associated with the Palestinian militant Abu Nidal Organization; he said a Finnish woman would carry the bomb on board as
Pan_Am_Flight_103
1972 Summer Olympics terrorist attack
service show that Dortmund police had been aware of collaboration between Abu Daoud and neo-Nazi Willi Pohl (a.k.a. E. W. Pless and, since 1979, officially
Munich_massacre
Ongoing armed conflict in the Middle East
November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023. Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Rose, Emily; Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (31 October 2023). "Israel strikes dense Gaza camp, says
Gaza_war
2025 Israel–Hamas ceasefire agreement
bombing". Al Jazeera. October 4, 2025. Retrieved October 4, 2025. Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Issa, Mahmoud (October 5, 2025). "Dozens killed in Gaza despite Trump's
Gaza_peace_plan
Palestinian militant and politician (1962–2024)
going anywhere | Opinion". Miami Herald. Retrieved 1 June 2026. Almughrabi, Nidal (1 December 2020). Heller, Jeffrey; Richardson, Alex (eds.). "Hamas Gaza
Yahya_Sinwar
Ghazi Jabali Ahmed Jibril Abu Jihad Salah Khalaf Leila Khaled Sheikh Khalil Khaled Mashal Zuheir Mohsen Abu Ali Mustafa Abu Nidal Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Jibril
Israeli_support_for_Hamas
Flight 648." Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on January 14, 2017. "Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) attacked Airports & Airlines target (Dec. 27, 1985
Terrorism_in_Europe
1982 mass murder of civilians in Beirut, Lebanon
Ambassador to Britain Shlomo Argov. The attempt was the work of the Iraq-based Abu Nidal, possibly with Syrian or Iraqi involvement. Historians and observers such
Sabra_and_Shatila_massacre
American militant (born 1954)
Mahmoud Atta was born in Ramalla, Palestine in 1954. He was responsible for Abu Nidal clandestine terrorist operations in Central and South American countries
Mahmoud_Mahmoud_Atta
1989 honor killing of an American teen in St. Louis, Missouri
Investigation (FBI) surveillance on Zein Isa due to his association with the Abu Nidal Organization (ANO). He and his wife were both convicted of first-degree
Murder_of_Tina_Isa
Palestinian political party paramilitary force
May 2021 during 2021 Israel-Palestine crisis. Mohammad Yahya Abu-Al-Ata : brother of Baha Abu al-Ata, deputy commander of the Gaza Brigades, killed on 11
Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad
Palestinian politician (born 1960)
original on 9 September 2025. Retrieved 9 September 2025. al-Mughrabi, Nidal (20 May 2007). "Israel kills 9; 8 in raid on Hamas official's home". Reuters
Khalil_al-Hayya
Palestinian paramilitary organization
Abu Sharia (Arabic: أبو شريعة) families in Gaza, and have Bedouin roots. On 23 November 2023, the homes of the Al-Hasayna (Arabic: الحساينة) and Abu Sharia
Mujahideen_Brigades
President of Palestine from 1989 to 2004
top aide Abu Iyad vowed to stay neutral and opposed an alliance with Saddam; on 17 January 1991, Abu Iyad was assassinated by the Abu Nidal Organization
Yasser_Arafat
Alliance of political factions
of Palestine – General Command (PFLP-GC) Palestinian Liberation Front (Abu Nidal Ashqar wing) Palestinian Popular Struggle Front (Khalid 'Abd al-Majid
Alliance of Palestinian Forces
Alliance_of_Palestinian_Forces
Palestinian militant organization (1970 – c. 1988)
Meidenbauer, 2006, ISBN 3-89975-583-9 (German). Seale, Patrick (1992). Abu Nidal: a gun for hire. Random House. ISBN 0-679-40066-4. Retrieved 31 March
Black_September_Organization
Palestinian Marxist–Leninist organization
Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The military wing of the PFLP is called the Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades. The PFLP pioneered armed aircraft-hijackings in the
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine
Official representative of Palestinians
as a blow to their aspirations to self-determination.[citation needed] Abu Nidal, a sworn enemy of the PLO since 1974, assassinated the PLO's diplomatic
Palestine Liberation Organization
Palestine_Liberation_Organization
1985 aircraft hijacking in Malta
servicing the flight was hijacked by the Palestinian terrorist organization Abu Nidal. The subsequent raid on the aircraft by Egyptian troops killed 56 of the
EgyptAir_Flight_648
enroute from Karachi to Abu Dhabi. 112 passengers and crew died. The bomb was planted by the militant Palestinian Abu Nidal Organization in an attempt
List of aircraft hijackings and attacks on aircraft by Palestinian militant groups
List_of_aircraft_hijackings_and_attacks_on_aircraft_by_Palestinian_militant_groups
(PFLP-GC), the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, the Abu Nidal Organization, the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, and Hamas. Several of these
Palestinian political violence
Palestinian_political_violence
Palestinian politician (c.1962–2024)
original on 1 August 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024. Chen, Laurie; Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (24 July 2024). "China brokers Palestinian unity deal, but doubts persist"
Ismail_Haniyeh
Armed conflict in the Gaza Strip
from the original on 1 July 2018. Retrieved 20 November 2012. Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (16 November 2012). "Jerusalem and Tel Aviv under rocket fire, Netanyahu
2014_Gaza_War
1978–1987 series of military campaigns
armed factions with whom he was allied. Several of these such as the Abu Nidal Organization sent militants to bolster the Libyan numbers in Chad. On
Chadian–Libyan_War
2016 film by Ram Madhvani
attempted hijacking of Pan Am Flight 73 in Karachi, Pakistan by Libyan-backed Abu Nidal Organization on 5 September 1986. The film is shown from the point of
Neerja
Swanage, Dorset, on 15 May 2003. His cause of death is undetermined. Abu Nidal (65), Palestinian terrorist leader behind the 1985 Rome and Vienna airport
List_of_unsolved_deaths
Palestinian politician (1938–2001)
الزبري; 14 May 1938 – 27 August 2001), better known by his kunya Abu Ali Mustafa (/ˈɑːbuː ˈɑːli ˈmuːstəfə/ ; Arabic: أبو علي مصطفى) and also known as Mustafa
Abu_Ali_Mustafa
Lebanese spy
1980s, Assem had served with Libyan Intelligence, and worked alongside Abu Nidal, before aligning himself with Stasi where he was codenamed Karsten Berg
Assem_Jarrah
1985 Palestinian Liberation Front hijacking
groups. Over the years, Iraq has provided safe haven to terrorists such as Abu Nidal, whose terror organization carried out more than 90 terrorist attacks
Achille_Lauro_hijacking
Palestinian cardiologist, guerrilla leader, and PLO diplomat (1935–1983)
counterparts during the 1970s. Sartawi was assassinated on 10 April 1983 by the Abu Nidal Organisation, a Palestinian faction opposed to compromise with Israel
Issam_Sartawi
Emirati diplomat (1948–1984)
courts seek justice for Abu Nidal's victims 40 years on". The National. Retrieved 28 November 2023. "Al Arabiya reveals how Abu Nidal had representatives
Khalifa_Ahmad_Mubarak
Liberation Front as well as militants such as Charles Taylor, Foday Sankoh, Abu Nidal and leaders across Africa such as Idi Amin, Jean-Bédel Bokassa and Mengistu
History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
History_of_Libya_under_Muammar_Gaddafi
National airline of Bahrain
was apparently planted by the Abu Nidal Organization, to pressure the Gulf States to pay protection money to Abu Nidal so as to avoid attacks on their
Gulf_Air
Vienna, Austria. The attackers were two Palestinian terrorists of the Abu Nidal Organization. The mass shooting and grenade attack killed two people and
List of attacks on Jewish institutions
List_of_attacks_on_Jewish_institutions
Palestinian politician (born 1956)
visit". Al Jazeera. 7 December 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2020. al-Mughrabi, Nidal (10 December 2012). "Hamas chief ends Gaza visit with call for Palestinian
Khaled_Mashal
Syrian-based Palestinian nationalist organisation
Revolutionary Council led by maverick hardliner Sabri al-Banna (better known as Abu Nidal), who was viewed by other Palestinian organizations as not so much a guerrilla
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command
Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_–_General_Command
International Court of Justice proceeding
Ghazi Jabali Ahmed Jibril Abu Jihad Salah Khalaf Leila Khaled Sheikh Khalil Khaled Mashal Zuheir Mohsen Abu Ali Mustafa Abu Nidal Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Jibril
Legal_Consequences_arising_from_the_Policies_and_Practices_of_Israel_in_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territory,_including_East_Jerusalem
1986 airliner hijacking
while on the ground at Karachi by four armed Palestinian militants of the Abu Nidal Organization. The aircraft, with 360 passengers on board, had just arrived
Pan_Am_Flight_73
1968–1982 conflict
invaded again in direct retaliation over the assassination attempt by ANO (Abu Nidal organization), a splinter group from Fatah) on Shlomo Argov, the Israeli
Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon
Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon
Topics referred to by the same term
by a person wishing to be anonymous ANO 2011, a Czech political party Abu Nidal Organization (or Fatah – Revolutionary Council), a Palestinian nationalist
ANO
United Nations mandated multinational peacekeeping force for the Gaza Strip
Ghazi Jabali Ahmed Jibril Abu Jihad Salah Khalaf Leila Khaled Sheikh Khalil Khaled Mashal Zuheir Mohsen Abu Ali Mustafa Abu Nidal Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Jibril
International Stabilization Force
International_Stabilization_Force
hotel while attending that year's Socialist International conference. The Abu Nidal organization later claimed responsibility, but no arrests have ever been
List of unsolved murders (1980–1999)
List_of_unsolved_murders_(1980–1999)
Part of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
News. 21 May 2021. Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Al-mughrabi, Nidal; Saul, Jonathan; Ayyub, Rami (20 May 2021). "Israel and Hamas both claim
2021_Israel–Palestine_crisis
1988 statement of Hamas' values and positions
Machine Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, May–June 2010, pp. 40-42. Nidal al-Mughrabi; Tom Finn (2 May 2017). "Hamas softens stance on Israel, drops
1988_Hamas_charter
Killing of Jews in Mandatory Palestine
According to Malka Slonim, an aged Arab called Abu Shaker defended them: We sat silently in the sealed house and Abu-Shaker reported what was happening ... The
1929_Hebron_massacre
Deck of playing cards featuring Hamas members
cards and 12 Hamas personalities, including Ismail Haniyeh, Yahya Sinwar, Abu Obaida, Mohammed Deif, Marwan Issa, Salah al-Arouri, Khaled Mashal, Fathi
Hamas most wanted playing cards
Hamas_most_wanted_playing_cards
First phase of the 1947–1949 Palestine war
Studies. 18 (1): 4–19. doi:10.2307/2537591. ISSN 0377-919X. JSTOR 2537591. Abu-Laban & Bakan 2022, p. 511, "over 80 per cent"; Pappe 2022, p. 128, "Three-quarters
1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
1947–1948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine
Israeli military siege during the 1982 Lebanon War
London, despite being aware that the attack had been carried out by the Abu Nidal faction, which was at war with Yasser Arafat's PLO. The architect of the
Siege_of_Beirut
2000 shooting of a child in the Gaza Strip
military occupation. Jamal al-Durrah and his son Muhammad were filmed by Talal Abu Rahma, a Palestinian television cameraman freelancing for France 2, as they
Killing_of_Muhammad_al-Durrah
Palestinian political and religious leader (1936–2004)
Ghazi Jabali Ahmed Jibril Abu Jihad Salah Khalaf Leila Khaled Sheikh Khalil Khaled Mashal Zuheir Mohsen Abu Ali Mustafa Abu Nidal Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Jibril
Ahmed_Yassin
1988 terrorist attack
On 15 May 1988, Abu Nidal Organization terrorists carried out machine gun and grenade attacks against two sites frequented by Westerners in Khartoum,
1988_Khartoum_attacks
Prime Minister of Israel from 1977 to 1983
Ghazi Jabali Ahmed Jibril Abu Jihad Salah Khalaf Leila Khaled Sheikh Khalil Khaled Mashal Zuheir Mohsen Abu Ali Mustafa Abu Nidal Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Jibril
Menachem_Begin
Former American Army officer and mass murderer (born 1970)
Nidal Malik Hasan (born September 8, 1970) is an American former United States Army major, physician, and mass murderer convicted of killing 13 people
Nidal_Hasan
1987–1993 Palestinian uprising against Israel
PLO. On 16 April 1988, a leader of the PLO, Khalil al-Wazir, nom de guerre Abu Jihad or 'Father of the Struggle', was assassinated in Tunis by an Israeli
First_Intifada
Palestinian militant leader in Gaza (1993–2025)
Yasser Jihad Mansour Abu Shabab (27 February 1990 or 19 December 1993 – 4 December 2025) was a Palestinian militant who was the founding leader of the
Yasser_Abu_Shabab
hunger strike". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 9 January 2022. Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (4 January 2022). "Palestinian prisoner ends 141-day hunger strike -officials"
Palestinians in Israeli custody
Palestinians_in_Israeli_custody
2005 Israeli government initiative
the Wayback Machine, Israel attacks in Gaza amid factional violence, by Nidal al-Mughrabi, Associated Press, 5/16/07. Yahoo.com Archived May 18, 2007
Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip
Israeli_disengagement_from_the_Gaza_Strip
Islamist Palestinian political and paramilitary organization
Press. p. 372. ISBN 9780674039599. Retrieved 31 July 2024. al-Mughrabi, Nidal and Assadi, Mohammed. Palestinian in-fighting provokes despair, frustration
Hamas
Incidents since 1918 with more than 100 casualties
"Last October, the Fatah Revolutionary Council split after Abu Nidal's top aide, Atef Abu Baker, defected to P.L.O. headquarters in Tunis and set up his
List of modern conflicts in North Africa
List_of_modern_conflicts_in_North_Africa
Aviv Stage Club Archived June 25, 2008, at the Wayback Machine "Rachel Ben Abu". mfa.gov.il. "Nofar Horowitz". mfa.gov.il. "Julia Voloshin". mfa.gov.il
Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Timeline_of_the_Israeli–Palestinian_conflict
Transgender Israeli intelligence agent (1956–2023)
memoirs, she wrote about being recruited by David Kimche, infiltrating the Abu Nidal Organization, and thwarting a bombing conspiracy in Munich before being
Olivia_Frank
Palestinian Marxist–Leninist organization
participation in the October 7 attacks through their military spokesman Abu Khaled. On 7 October, during the attack on Israel, they claimed to have lost
Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine
Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine
2002 Hamas bombing in Jerusalem
Ghazi Jabali Ahmed Jibril Abu Jihad Salah Khalaf Leila Khaled Sheikh Khalil Khaled Mashal Zuheir Mohsen Abu Ali Mustafa Abu Nidal Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Jibril
Hebrew_University_bombing
1994 shooting massacre in Hebron
distribution of its leaflets in Hebron." 8.7a "Following an incident in Abu-Dis, which ended in the deaths of a number of members of Az-A-Din Al-Qassam
Cave of the Patriarchs massacre
Cave_of_the_Patriarchs_massacre
Ambassador in Britain, Shlomo Argov, in mid-1982 (which was made by Abu Nidal's organization that was ostracized from the PLO). This led Israel to invade
History of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
History_of_the_Israeli–Palestinian_conflict
Arabic name derived from one's eldest child
leader "Abu Bakr" al-Baghdadi, and "Abu Abdullah" for Osama bin Laden. Additionally, Palestinian militants, such as Abu Jihad, Abu Nidal, Abu Ali Iyad
Kunya_(Arabic)
2024 mass killing by Israeli forces
original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024. Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (29 February 2024). "Gaza health authorities say Israeli fire kills 104
Flour_Massacre
International peacekeeping force in Lebanon from 1982 to 1984
pro-Syrian factions. The ceasefire held until June 3, 1982, when the Abu Nidal Organization attempted to assassinate Shlomo Argov, Israel's ambassador
Multinational Force in Lebanon
Multinational_Force_in_Lebanon
Argov, was shot outside the Dorchester Hotel by three gunmen from the Abu Nidal group. The ambassador survived a three-month coma, but was paralysed and
List of terrorist incidents in London
List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_London
2000–2005 Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation
outside erupted into rioting. The person in charge of the waqf at the time, Abu Qteish, was later indicted by Israel for using a loud-speaker to call on
Second_Intifada
assassination by Israeli forces in 2001. Abu Nidal Organization – named after Palestinian political leader Abu Nidal. Akhmat special forces unit – named after
List of military units named after people
List_of_military_units_named_after_people
Coalition of Palestinian militant groups
from the original on 8 January 2007. Retrieved 27 March 2010. al-Mughrabi, Nidal (10 June 2007). "Gaza militants' "TV" sign draws reporters' anger". Reuters
Al-Aqsa_Martyrs'_Brigades
Geopolitical conflict in the Middle East
from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2017. Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Williams, Dan (21 May 2021). "Israel and Hamas agree Gaza truce, Biden
Arab–Israeli_conflict
1985 terror attacks by Palestinian nationalists
[citation needed] Responsibility for the two attacks was later claimed by the Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) in retaliation for Operation Wooden Leg, the Israeli
1985 Rome and Vienna airport attacks
1985_Rome_and_Vienna_airport_attacks
Palestinian academic and writer
9/11". New York Sun. Retrieved 20 December 2010. Seale, Patrick (1992). Abu Nidal: a gun for hire. Random House. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-679-40066-0. Stalinsky
Ahmad_Abu_Matar
UN agency supporting Palestinian refugees
support. Writing in the Middle East Monitor in April 2012, Karen Koning AbuZayd, a former Commissioner-General of the UNRWA (2005–2009), argued that
UNRWA
Mexican actor, comedian and director
EgyptAir Flight 648 that was hijacked by the terrorist organization led by Abu Nidal on November 23, 1985. His most recent television series is Fábrica de
Jorge_Ortiz_de_Pinedo
Washington Post. 8 September 2010. Retrieved 7 September 2013. al-Mughrabi, Nidal (2 September 2010). "Gaza militants vow wave of attacks against Israel"
History_of_Hamas
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