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Digital connection matching the data rate of a digital telephone line
A 56 kbit/s line is a digital connection capable of carrying 56 kilobits per second (kbit/s), or 56,000 bit/s, the data rate of a classical single channel
56_kbit/s_line
Device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information
33.6 kbit/s modems. This rate is near the theoretical Shannon limit of a phone line. While 56 kbit/s speeds had been available for leased-line modems
Modem
Family of technologies that are used to transmit digital data over telephone lines
kbit/s and 512 kbit/s Asymmetric digital subscriber line 2 (ADSL2), ITU-T G.992.3, up to 12 Mbit/s and 3.5 Mbit/s Asymmetric digital subscriber line 2
Digital_subscriber_line
Set of digital telephony standards
on digital encoding of voice led to the use of 64 kbit/s as a standard for voice lines (or 56 kbit/s in some systems). In 1962, Robert Aaron of Bell introduced
ISDN
Information transmission rate expressed in bits per second
(symbol: bit/s), often with an SI prefix such as kilo (1 kbit/s = 1,000 bit/s), mega (1 Mbit/s = 1,000 kbit/s), giga (1 Gbit/s = 1,000 Mbit/s) or tera (1 Tbit/s =
Bit_rate
services including plain old telephone service (POTS) and data services up to 56 kbit/s, and a variety of digital channels. In the direction from the network
ANSI_T1.413_Issue_2
Private telecommunications circuit
speeds of 10 Gbit/s are attainable. In the U.S., low-speed leased lines (56 kbit/s and below) are usually provided using analog modems. Higher-speed leased
Leased_line
Access to the Internet via telephone line
transfer speed of 56 kbit/s (using the V.90 or V.92 protocol), although in most cases, 40–50 kbit/s is the norm. Factors such as phone line noise as well
Dial-up_Internet_access
Individual connection to the Internet
provides data rates that range from 56 and 64 kbit/s (DS0) to 1.5 Mbit/s (DS1 or T1), to 45 Mbit/s (DS3 or T3). A T1 line carries 24 voice or data channels
Internet_access
Device communications bus system
designed by Dallas Semiconductor that provides low-speed (standard 16.3 kbit/s; "overdrive" at 10×) data communication and supply voltage over a single
1-Wire
Nova, 192 kbit/s Stereo RTÉ 2XM, 72 kbit/s DAB+ Stereo South East Radio, 88 kbit/s DAB+ Stereo Talksport, 56 kbit/s Mono Tipp FM, 56 kbit/s DAB+ Stereo
Digital radio in the Republic of Ireland
Digital_radio_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland
Business enterprise
call volumes). A similar situation emerged a few years later when the 56 kbit/s V.90 standard was first being proposed. USR developed its own 56k standard
USRobotics
Unit of measurement
a manner inconsistent with the IEC standard. Kilobit per second (symbol kbit/s or kb/s, often abbreviated "kbps") is a unit of data transfer rate equal
Data-rate_units
Data and USB modem by Apple
The Apple USB Modem is a combined 56 kbit/s data modem and 14.4 kbit/s fax external USB modem introduced by Apple Inc. after the internal 56k modem was
Apple_USB_Modem
Digital interface device
can be inserted into a router slot. An example of a WIC is the 1-port 56/64-kbit/s DSU/CSU WIC (WIC-1DSU-56K4) by Cisco Systems. DTE is generally a router
CSU/DSU
U.S. federal government telecommunications service
switched voice service for voice or data up to 4.8 kbit/s, switched data at 56 kbit/s and 64 kbit/s, switched digital integrated service for voice, data
FTS2000
Modulation scheme in telecommunication
1987. Modems, for the history of various encoding modulations from 0.3 to 56 kbit/s Trellis diagram, in the article about convolutional codes Forney, G.
Trellis_coded_modulation
Carrier system for digital transmission of multiplexed telephone calls
exception is Switched 56 kbit/s DDS. In DDS, bit eight is used to identify DTE request to send (RTS) condition. With Switched 56 DDS, bit eight is pulsed
T-carrier
Type of line code where two nonzero values are used
density of ones. Of course, this lowers the effective data throughput to 56 kbit/s per channel. If the characteristics of the input data do not follow the
Bipolar_encoding
accounts ($24.99 monthly service) 129 MHz, 32-bit RISC processor, 16 MB RAM, 56 kbit/s modem, rechargeable NiMH battery, PCMCIA Slot II port, 2 USB ports, a
EPods
full-duplex on a four-wire point-to-point leased line allowing bidirectional data transfer at either 14.4 kbit/s. V.34 (09/94) is an ITU-T recommendation (superseded)
List of ITU-T V-series recommendations
List_of_ITU-T_V-series_recommendations
Digital audio format
MPEG-1 Audio Layer III standard: 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 160, 192, 224, 256 and 320 kbit/s, along with the 3 highest available sampling
MP3
Technique used to encode voices in telephony
G.722 is an ITU-T standard wideband speech codec operating at 48, 56 and 64 kbit/s, based on subband coding with two channels and ADPCM coding of each
Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation
Adaptive_differential_pulse-code_modulation
Line of Personal Digital Assistants from Hewlett Packard
was identical to the Jornada 820 except that it lacked the integrated 56 kbit/s modem. The Jornada 680 was released in 1998. It was an HVGA Handheld
HP_Jornada
Computer network that connects devices across a large distance and area
transmission rates. In c. 1960, a 110 bit/s line was normal on the edge of the WAN, while core links of 56 or 64 kbit/s were considered fast. Today, households
Wide_area_network
Wideband speech audio coding standard
above this bit rate; provides quality equal to or better than G722 at 56 kbit/s for clean speech) Higher bitrates for speech in adverse background noise
Adaptive_Multi-Rate_Wideband
Type of computer network modem; network equipment
frequencies within that bandwidth, which limited them to a data rate of about 56 kbit/s. However, the copper wires that connect telephones with the local switching
DSL_modem
Line of personal digital assistants by NEC
applications and data) Display: 8.1 inch HVGA (640 x 240) display I/O interfaces: 56 kbit/s V.90 modem USB ports Serial port PC Card Type I/II slot Compact Flash
MobilePro
60 kbit/s. With modem supplied clocking, a single line was limited to 56 kbit/s; with internal clocking the limit was 2.4 kbit/s. Aggregate line connection
IBM 3705 Communications Controller
IBM_3705_Communications_Controller
Former wireless Internet access service in the United States
was operating at roughly the speed of a 56 kbit/s dialup modem. Ricochet introduced a higher-speed 128 kbit/s, service in 1999, however, monthly fees
Ricochet_(Internet_service)
Short-range wireless technology standard
sequence Higher transmission speeds in practice than in v1.1, up to 721 kbit/s Extended Synchronous Connections (eSCO), which improve voice quality of
Bluetooth
Swedish audio streaming service
by Parcast. After 15 months of bargaining, the Parcast union consisting of 56 workers ratified their first collective agreement, which included a minimum
Spotify
Networking protocol
56 refers to the fact that it carried 56 kbit/s of data on its 64 kbit/s lines, as opposed to most systems, including ISDN, where the entire 64 kbit/s
Switch56
Multichannel digital audio interface
to 54 kHz. At the highest frequency, this produces a total of 56 × 32 × 54 = 96768 kbit/s, leaving 3.232% of the channel for synchronization marks and
MADI
Router used on the internet backbone and on internet exchanges
minicomputer called an Interface Message Processor (IMP), which operated at 56 kbit/s with at most six links. Following the implementation of these first two
Core_router
Summary of mobile network generations
introduction of 8PSK modulation. 3G standards introduced data rates of at least 144 kbit/s and later supported several Mbit/s, enabling mobile broadband for smartphones
List of wireless network technologies
List_of_wireless_network_technologies
Line of sound modules
The Yamaha MU-series is a line of sound modules built by Yamaha. All sound modules except MU5 support Yamaha XG. The sound modules were commonly used when
Yamaha_MU-series
American semiconductor manufacturer
offers secure memory with its CryptoMemory product line of EEPROMS in capacities from 1 to 256 kbits. In addition to the secure memory mentioned above
Atmel
Discontinued cellular telephone network standard
service (AIR-EDGE 4×) started and in 2005, 256 kbit/s (8×) service started. In 2006, the speed of each line was also upgraded to 1.6 times with the introduction
Personal_Handy-phone_System
Network Router
The following modules were available: 2-wire, switched 56-kbit/s DSU/CSU (RJ11) 4-wire, 56/64-kbit/s DSU/CSU (RJ48S) Fractional T1/T1 DSU/CSU (RJ48C) Five-in-one
Cisco_2500_series
Village and civil parish in Cumbria, England
south of Kendal, 25.3 miles (40.7 km) to the east of Ulverston, 35.2 miles (56.6 km) to the east of Barrow-in-Furness, 13 miles (21 km) to the north of Lancaster
Arnside
US military multiband handheld radio
MIL-STD-188-181B Advanced Narrowband Digital Voice Terminal (ANDVT) and 56 kbit/s data HAVE QUICK II High performance waveform (HPW) Satcom OTAR A software
AN/PRC-152
with 56 kbit/s DDS leased telephone lines in a ring topology. The MIDnet ring was originally connected via a 56 kbit/s DDS leased telephone line from
MIDnet
Series of portable media players
line OLED display for navigation. It no longer has a dial but instead has normal buttons. Supported multiple codec ATRAC (ATRAC3 66 kbit/s, 105 kbit/s
Walkman_E_Series
information at a slow speed, normally reaching maximum speed at about 56 kbit/s. This technology uses the voice spectrum of the telephone lines to transmit
Glossary of Internet-related terms
Glossary_of_Internet-related_terms
Canadian multicast wireless sensor network technology
received is the next sent. Burst mode achieves a payload data rate of 20 kbit/s. Both the "master" and "slave" can send a burst. Advanced burst is similar
ANT_(network)
over a DACS line is 33.6 kbit/s. Furthermore, many 56 kbit/s modems are unable to successfully negotiate even this speed over a DACS line. DSL broadband
Digital_access_carrier_system
Selective restriction of access
users). The highest possible throughput is 115.2 kbit/sec, but in most system it is downgraded to 56.2 kbit/sec, or less, to increase reliability. RS-485
Access_control
Data transmission concept
56k modem will transmit a data rate of 56 kilobits per second (kbit/s) over a 4-kilohertz-wide telephone line (narrowband or voiceband). In the late 1980s
Broadband
Laptop by Dell
Next-Gen 4965AGN 802.11a/g/n Wi-Fi I/O ports: 1× Fast Ethernet port, 1× 56 kbit/s modem, 1× S-Video output, 4× USB 2.0 ports, 1× Express Card slot, 1×
Dell_Inspiron_1525
Analog long-distance telephone multiplexing system
supergroups could be dedicated as a single data channel running a data rate of 56 kbit/s as early as the late 1960s. In long-distance systems, supergroups were
L_carrier
Trunk railway line in Vietnam
technology has been used along the North–South railway line to send television signals; 64 kbit/s transmission lines are leased from the Vietnam Post and
North–South_railway_(Vietnam)
Wireless personal area network technology
power—is achieved at the expense of a lower data being at an eighth with 125 kbit. The old transmission packet format, as it continues to be used in the 1M
Bluetooth_Low_Energy
Handheld game console by Nintendo
utilize this additional memory, enabling enhanced effects and displaying up to 56 colors simultaneously from a palette of 32,768 colors. Programmers subsequently
Game_Boy_Color
Software-defined radio
MIL-STD-188 −181B; Advanced Narrowband Digital Voice Terminal (ANDVT) dedicated 56 kbit/s data channel −181C, −183B; Interoperability standard for access and multiple-access
AN/PRC-117
Mobile phone model
Switched Data) modem, to transmit data over the GSM network at a bitrate of 9.6 kbit/s, printing documents using its IrDA port, and it also had a web browser
Nokia_9000_Communicator
Unit of measure for digital data
24, 25, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 42, 44, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 60, 64, 72 bits or others. Some machine instructions and computer number
Units_of_information
popularizing the Internet outside the ARPANET. In 1986, the NSF created NSFNET, a 56 kbit/s backbone to support the NSF-sponsored supercomputing centers. The NSFNET
History_of_the_Internet
British satellite communications company
services, medium speed fax/data services at 9.6 kbit/s and high speed data services at 56, 64 or 128 kbit/s. There was also a 'leased' mode for Inmarsat-B
Inmarsat
American commercial packet-switched network
terminals could install a TAC on their own site, which used a dedicated line, at up to 56 kbit/s, to connect to a switch at the nearest Telenet location. Dialup
Telenet
Digital audiovisual data interface
implement I2C standard mode speed (100 kbit/s) and allows it to optionally implement fast mode speed (400 kbit/s). I2C address 0x74 on the DDC channel
HDMI
Comparison of a wide range of bit rates
bytes = 8000 bits 1 KiB (kibibyte) = 210 bytes = 1024 bytes = 8192 bits 1 kbit (kilobit) = 125 bytes = 1000 bits 1 Kibit (kibibit) = 210 bits = 1024 bits
Orders of magnitude (bit rate)
Orders_of_magnitude_(bit_rate)
Third-generation mobile telecommunications standard
supporting services that provide an information transfer rate of at least 144 kbit/s. Later 3G releases, often referred to as 3.5G (HSPA) and 3.75G (HSPA+)
3G
Set of telephony signaling protocols
full-duplex 56, 64, 1,536, or 1,984 kbit/s graded communications channels. In Europe they are usually one (64 kbit/s) or all (1,984 kbit/s) timeslots
Signalling_System_No._7
Home video game console
is a Texas Instruments SN76489AN. The system includes 8 kbit (1 KB) of main RAM, and 128 kbit (16 KB) of video RAM (VRAM). The controller is hardwired
SG-1000
datarate of the digital stereo information – the datarate was 728 kbit/s, non-PCM. The 625–line system divided the spectrum into 44 channels, 21–34 and 39–68
Analogue terrestrial television in the United Kingdom
Analogue_terrestrial_television_in_the_United_Kingdom
Magnetic tape data storage technology
Archived from the original on April 8, 2014. Retrieved December 14, 2012. 485 kbit/in"LTO Ultrium 7" (PDF). Sony. April 4, 2016. Retrieved April 17, 2016. "Expected
Linear_Tape-Open
American commercial email service
a typo for 9600 because 56 kbit/s V.90 modems came out in 1998) bits/second modem connected to a standard telephone land line. The toll-free access number
MCI_Mail
Chinese lunar communications satellite
payload data from the robots can be transmitted upwards at a speed of 50 kbit/s when using an omnidirectional antenna, and at 5 Mbit/s when using a parabolic
Queqiao-2
technology has been used along the North–South Railway line to send television signals; 64 kbit/s transmission lines are leased from the Vietnam Post and
Rail_transport_in_Vietnam
Telecommunications company in the Philippines
in terms of assets and revenues. The company's core businesses are fixed-line telecommunications, mobile telephony services, broadband, and internet of
PLDT
Signaling protocol
64 kbit/s (8 bits × 8,000 samples per second = 64 kbit/s) and 1 out of every 6 frames has a 7-bit resolution (7 bits × 8,000 samples per second = 56 kbit/s)
Robbed-bit_signaling
less attractive, with narrow-band connections having speeds less than 56 kbit/s (dial-up). In 1997, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) access
Internet_in_India
Proprietary cable modem
failure has occurred". IPX driver not loaded when launching windows IDNX 56 kbit/s link from local Prodigy Server in El Cajon Headend to Yorktown, NY, was
Zenith_Cable_Modem
Error-detecting code for detecting data changes
in iSCSI or SCTP matches its performance on messages from 58 bits to 131 kbits, and outperforms it in several size ranges including the two most common
Cyclic_redundancy_check
Family of block-oriented display terminals and printers made by IBM
Symbol Set (PSS) V.24 interfaces with speed up to 14.4 kbit/s V.35 interfaces with speed up to 56 kbit/s X.25 network attachment DFT – Distributed Function
IBM_3270
injury. Long-haul networking for SIMNET was run originally across multiple 56 kbit/s dial-up lines, using parallel processors to compress packets over the
SIMNET
bus and network data rates are denoted either in bits per second – bit/s, kbit/s (103 bit/s), Mbit/s (106 bit/s), Gbit/s (109 bit/s), Tbit/s (1012 bit/s) –
List_of_interface_bit_rates
Animation technique made using Adobe Flash
being produced since then. In the late 1990s, when bandwidth was still at 56 kbit/s for most Internet users, many Adobe Flash animation artists employed
Flash_animation
Early packet switching network (1969–1990)
NPL network was using line speeds of 768 kbit/s, and the proposed line speed for the ARPANET was upgraded from 2.4 kbit/s to 50 kbit/s. By mid-1968, Roberts
ARPANET
16-bit microprocessor
to the x86 architecture, which eventually became Intel's most successful line of processors. On June 5, 2018, Intel released a limited-edition CPU celebrating
Intel_8086
3G mobile telecommunications protocols
improvement to the uplink that provided a new bearer of 384 kbit/s (the previous maximum bearer was 128 kbit/s). Evolved High Speed Packet Access (HSPA+), introduced
High_Speed_Packet_Access
FTTH was accelerating rapidly with 54% growth in 2018. Digital subscriber line (DSL) over phone lines provides 44% of connections (down 16% in 2018) and
Internet_in_New_Zealand
1996 video game console platform
modem (earlier packages included a 14.4 kbit/s modem (PA-82010 or PA-82007), and later packages included a 33.6 kbit/s modem (PA-82017/BDE-82017)) over a
Apple_Pippin
Television show filmed in Vancouver
caused some artifacting. The site also questioned the use of a lossy 640 kbit/s audio track and the small number of special features, calling it "a tad
Human_Target_(2010_TV_series)
Smartphone electronics product line
segments, succeeding the S4 Plus. It is the most commonly used Snapdragon line-up, appearing in mainstream devices of various manufacturers. Unlike the
List of Qualcomm Snapdragon systems on chips
List_of_Qualcomm_Snapdragon_systems_on_chips
American computer manufacturer of the 1980s
compete with the popular Osborne 1 portable microcomputer. Kaypro produced a line of rugged, luggable CP/M-based computers sold with an extensive software
Kaypro
Series of U.S. military standards relating to telecommunications
Mode (ATM) 181B - Advanced Narrowband Digital Voice Terminal (ANDVT) and 56 kbit/s data 181C - Interoperability Standard For Access To 5-kHz And 25-kHz
MIL-STD-188
Licence-free radio in Europe and some Asian territories
separated by 12.5 kHz from each other with 4-level FSK modulation at 3.6 kbit/s. Before January 2018, only the higher 8 channels were allowed for digital
PMR446
Research and education network in Australia
universities 1989: Internet brought to Australia via a NASA-subsidized 56 kbit/s dedicated satellite circuit between the University of Melbourne and the
AARNet
Discontinued line of portable media players by Apple
available on Apple's website. Lossy: AAC (8 to 320 kbit/s) Protected AAC (from the iTunes Store) MP3 (8 to 320 kbit/s, including variable bitrate files) Audible
IPod_Nano
American computer company
modems in mid-1996. Despite this, Boca's bottom line suffered throughout the year as faster, 56 kbit/s modems had proliferated too quick for Boca to compete
Boca_Research
Personal computer by Commodore
sampling frequency up to 56 kHz. There is a common trick to output sound with 14-bit precision that can be combined to output 14-bit 56 kHz sound. The stock
Amiga_500
2006 remix album by the Beatles
stereo (48 kHz 16-bit PCM) and 5.1-channel surround (448 kbit/s Dolby Digital and 754 kbit/s DTS). Love placed at number 3 on the UK Albums Chart during
Love_(Beatles_album)
Global system of connected computer networks
supercomputer sites in the United States for researchers, first at speeds of 56 kbit/s and later at 1.5 Mbit/s and 45 Mbit/s. The NSFNet expanded into academic
Internet
Family of sound cards by Creative Technology
chips. The primary advantage of the ViBRA16 was the inclusion of a 14.4 kbit/s telephony Modem; it also functioned as a telephone. Released in March 1994
Sound_Blaster
Contactless RFID smart card system
some similar modulation methods. It uses Manchester coding at 212 kbit/s in the 13.56 MHz range. A proximity of 10 centimeters or less is required for
FeliCa
Type of computer server system
kbit/s was released, only to be quickly replaced by 33.6 kbit/s, and then 56 kbit/s. These increasing speeds had the side effect of dramatically reducing
Bulletin_board_system
French telecommunications company
fax number in addition to the traditional phone number. This additional line is dedicated to the online faxing service. In 2008, Light Reading ranked
Free_(ISP)
2010 Android smartphone by Samsung
patent and trademark infringement with the touchscreen on Samsung Galaxy line of mobile products. That includes the Galaxy S smartphone and the Galaxy
Samsung Galaxy S (1st generation)
Samsung_Galaxy_S_(1st_generation)
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