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Calendar year
Year 403 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Mamercinus, Varus, Potitus, Iullus,
403_BC
Statements which have survived from various sources referring to the oracle at Delphi
he himself would be on their side, whether they invoked him or not." In 403 BC, Lysander, the Spartan victor of the Peloponnesian War was warned to beware:
List of oracular statements from Delphi
List_of_oracular_statements_from_Delphi
Topics referred to by the same term
403 may refer to: 403 (year) 403 (number) 403 BC Area code 403 403 Cyane Peugeot 403 Bristol 403 IBM 403 HTTP 403 403rd (disambiguation) This disambiguation
403_(disambiguation)
Local variants of the ancient Greek alphabet
officially adopted in Athens in 403 BC and in most of the rest of the Greek world by the middle of the 4th century BC. A basic division into four major
Archaic_Greek_alphabets
City wall in ancient Athens
They were initially constructed in the mid-5th century BC, and destroyed by the Spartans in 403 BC after Athens' defeat in the Peloponnesian War. They were
Long_Walls
404–403 BCE Athenian pro-Spartan ruling group
triákonta týrannoi) were an oligarchy that briefly ruled Athens from 404 BC to 403 BC. Installed into power by the Spartans after the Athenian surrender in
Thirty_Tyrants
King of Sparta in 445–426 and 408–395 BC
Peloponnesian War against Athens in 404 BC and supported an imperialist policy in the Aegean Sea. In 403 BC, Pausanias engineered the restoration of
Pausanias_(king_of_Sparta)
Period of Chinese history, c. 475 – 221 BC
sacrifices, upon which the relationship of Heaven, Earth, and Man stood. In 403 BC, the court of King Weilie of Zhou officially recognized the viscounts (zi
Warring_States_period
the Warring States period (481 BC – 403 BC) and the Qin state (9th century BC – 221 BC) and dynasty (221 BC – 206 BC). Early Warring States period Qin
Timeline of the Warring States and the Qin dynasty
Timeline_of_the_Warring_States_and_the_Qin_dynasty
Athenian politician (c. 460 – 403 BC)
Critias (/ˈkrɪtiəs/; Ancient Greek: Κριτίας, Kritias; c. 460 – 403 BC) was an ancient Athenian poet, philosopher and political leader. He is known today
Critias
Civil war in Ancient Greece
The Phyle Campaign (404–403 BC) was an Athenian civil war that resulted in the overthrow of a Spartan imposed oligarchy on Athens (see Thirty Tyrants)
Phyle_Campaign
Military campaign in 404/403 BC
and assistance from the anti-Spartan government of Ismenias. Late in 404 BC, 70 of these exiles, commanded by Thrasybulus, crossed the border into Attica
Battle_of_Phyle
One hundred years, from 500 BC to 401 BC
403 BC: Thrasybulus restores the Athenian democracy and grants an almost general amnesty. 403 BC: The Athenians adopt the Ionian alphabet. 401 BC: Cyrus
5th_century_BC
Late 5th century BC Roman consul and consular tribune
Aemilius Mamercinus was a three-time consular tribune, in 405, 403 and 401 and also consul in 410 BC, of the Roman Republic. Aemilius belonged to the Aemilia
Manius_Aemilius_Mamercinus
Battle over the government of Athens in 403 BC
The Battle of Piraeus was fought in 403 BC between Athenian exiles who had defeated the government of the Thirty Tyrants and occupied Piraeus and a Spartan
Battle_of_Piraeus
Period of ancient Greece (510 to 323 BC)
decided after 403 BC not to support the directives that he had made. Agesilaus came to power by accident at the start of the 4th century BC. This accidental
Classical_Greece
4th-century BC Greek Cynic philosopher
Diogenes the Cynic (/daɪˈɒdʒɪniːz/, dy-OJ-in-eez; c. 413/403 – c. 324/321 BC), also known as Diogenes of Sinope, was an ancient Greek philosopher during
Diogenes
Social class in ancient Rome
Livy to Servius Tullius were, in reality, probably formed around 400 BC. In 403 BC, according to Livy, in a crisis during the siege of Veii, the army urgently
Equites
City-state in ancient Greece
polis (city-state) of ancient Greece during the classical period (480–323 BC), in the peninsula of Attica. Athens was a centre for the arts, learning,
Classical_Athens
Ancient Roman family
Appius Claudius P. f. Ap. n. Crassus Regillensis, consular tribune in 403 BC, during the siege of Veii. He proposed a law allowing one of the tribunes
Claudia_gens
Mythological metal
of Atlantis in the Critias of Plato. Within the dialogue, Critias (460–403 BC) says that orichalcum had been considered second only to gold in value and
Orichalcum
4th-century BC Roman dictator and general
office) in the year 403 BC. He was then supposed to have, as dictator, completed a campaign against Veii which saw the city captured in 396 BC. The specific
Marcus_Furius_Camillus
Taormina dates to around 396 BC after Dionysius I of Syracuse destroyed nearby Naxos in 403 BC and the Siculi formed a new settlement on the nearby Mount
History_of_Taormina
Late 5th-century BC Athenian politician
eponymous archon of Athens for the year running from July/August 403 BC until June/July 402 BC. His year in office was marked by Athens's official adoption
Eucleides
Central Chinese state from 403 to 230 BC
independent polity. King Weilie eventually recognized the new states in 403 BC and elevated the rulers to 侯 (hou, "marquess"). In 375 Han defeated the
Han_(Warring_States)
(500–492 BC) Dao, Duke (491–477 BC) Ligong, Duke (476–443 BC) Song (complete list) – Jing, Duke (516–451 BC) Zhao, Duke (450–404 BC) Dao, Duke (403–396 BC) Wey
List of state leaders in the 5th century BC
List_of_state_leaders_in_the_5th_century_BC
Form of government with small ruling class
Thirty Tyrants were an oligarchy that briefly ruled Athens from 404 BC to 403 BC. Installed into power by the Spartans after the Athenian surrender in
Oligarchy
Chinese dynasty from c. 1046 to 256 BC
of Jin during the mid-5th century BC is a commonly cited as initiating the subsequent Warring States period. In 403 BC, the Zhou court recognized Han, Zhao
Zhou_dynasty
1084 Chinese chronicle covering 403 BC – 959 AD
the Northern Song dynasty. It provides a record of Chinese history from 403 BC to 959 AD, covering 16 dynasties and spanning almost 1400 years. The main
Zizhi_Tongjian
War between Athens and Sparta (431–404 BC)
ruled by the Thirty Tyrants, a reactionary regime set up by Sparta. In 403 BC, the oligarchs were overthrown and a democracy was restored by Thrasybulus
Peloponnesian_War
Magistrates in ancient Sparta
could change quickly, when the vote of one ephor changed. For example, in 403 BC, Pausanias convinced three of the ephors to send an army to Attica, a complete
Ephor
City in Boeotia, Greece
to annex, broke off the alliance. In 404 BC, they had urged the complete destruction of Athens; yet, in 403 BC, they secretly supported the restoration
Thebes,_Greece
Writing system of Modern Greek
different in each dialect. Since the adoption of the Ionic variant for Attic in 403 BC, however, Greek orthography has been largely conservative and historical
Greek_orthography
Ancient Roman family
408, 405, and 403 BC, according to the Capitoline Fasti. Lucius Julius Vop. f. C. n. Iullus, consular tribune in 438, and consul in 430 BC. Sextus Julius
Julia_gens
Ancient Chinese kingdom (403–222 BCE) during the Warring States period
ministers, one of whom was Zhao Xiangzi, patriarch of the Zhao family. In 403 BC, the Zhou king formally recognised the existence of the Zhao state along
Zhao_(state)
Greek philosopher, historian, and soldier (c.430–355/354 BC)
the return of Alcibiades in 407 BC, the trial of the generals in 406 BC, and the overthrow of the Thirty Tyrants in 403 BC. Personally invited by Proxenus
Xenophon
Ancient Greek randomization device
come, first serve" basis. Beginning in 403 BC, Athenian allotment underwent a series of reforms, and from 370 BC onwards, they employed the kleroterion
Kleroterion
Comune in Sicily, Italy
in 403 BC, its territory was handed over to the Sicels, who built a camp on Mount Tauros, slightly to the north of the old city. Later, around 396 BC, it
Taormina
Script used to write the Greek language
local alphabet of Ionia. By the late 5th century BC, it was commonly used by many Athenians. In c. 403 BC, at the suggestion of the archon Eucleides, the
Greek_alphabet
Approach in diplomacy and politics
to the civil service. Starting in the Spring and Autumn period (771–476/403 BC), a trend of "realistic" reformers were taken on to advance the material
Realpolitik
399 B.C. legal proceedings by the city of Athens against Socrates
puppets of Sparta and backed by Spartan troops, for eight months in 404–403 BC until they were overthrown). Several of the Thirty had been students of
Trial_of_Socrates
5th-century BC Athenian politician
Thirty to govern the Piraeus. He was killed in the Battle of Munichia in 403 BC when the democrats returned to Athens. This Charmides was probably not the
Charmides
Athenian statesman (died 404 BC)
Theramenes (/θɪˈræmɪniːz/; Ancient Greek: Θηραμένης; died 404/403 BC) was an Athenian military leader and statesman, prominent in the final decade of the
Theramenes
Marks added to letters in Greek
diacritics. The Greek alphabet is attested since the 8th century BC, and until 403 BC, variations of the Greek alphabet—which exclusively used what are
Greek_diacritics
Ancient Greek philosopher (c. 428-347 BC)
seizure of the democratic general Leon of Salamis for summary execution. In 403 BC, the democracy was restored after the regrouping of the democrats in exile
Plato
BC Sicilian Wars 460–445 BC First Peloponnesian War 449–448 BC Second Sacred War 440–439 BC Samian War 431–404 BC Second Peloponnesian War 404–403 BC
List_of_conflicts_in_Europe
404/403 BC Athenian defeat of the pro-Spartan Thirty Tyrants
this defeat, the Thirty Tyrants were forced to flee to Eleusis. In late 404 BC, Thrasybulus, with other Athenian exiles, had seized Phyle, a strong point
Battle_of_Munychia
Ancient Greek dialect group
traditional local alphabet had become common in private writing, and in 403 BC, it was decreed that public writing would switch to the new Ionic orthography
Attic_Greek
Seventh letter in the Greek alphabet
East Ionic with the long open-mid front unrounded vowel, [ɛː] instead. In 403 BC, Athens took over the Ionian spelling system and with it the vocalic use
Eta
State in modern Shanxi (1042–369 BC)
structure saw it break apart when the duke lost power to his nobles. In 403 BC, the Zhou court recognized Jin's three successor states: Han, Zhao, and
Jin_(Chinese_state)
Decade
Theramenes, Athenian statesman 403 BC Critias, leading member of the Athenian Thirty Tyrants oligarchy (b. 460 BC) 402 BC Zhou wei lie wang, king of the
400s_BC_(decade)
Roman senator and dictator
Claudius Crassus (fl. c. 403 BC) was a consular tribune of the Roman Republic in 403 BC. Claudius held the imperium in 403 BC as one of six consular tribunes
Appius Claudius Crassus (consular tribune 403 BC)
Appius_Claudius_Crassus_(consular_tribune_403_BC)
Democratic procedure for expelling citizens
BC. There is no sign of its use after the Peloponnesian War, when democracy was restored after the oligarchic coup of the Thirty had collapsed in 403
Ostracism
Greek philosopher (c. 470–399 BC)
by the existence of an amnesty that was granted to Athenian citizens in 403 BC to prevent escalation to civil war after the fall of the Thirty. However
Socrates
Work by Xenophon
left unfinished and ends abruptly in the year 411 BC. Xenophon's history covers the years 411–362 BC, through the end of the Peloponnesian War and its
Hellenica
Calendar year
Year 400 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. In the Roman Republic, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Esquilinus, Capitolinus, Vulso
400_BC
Government regime in ancient Athens
established in 403 BC, but it can be linked with both earlier and subsequent reforms (graphē paranómōn 416 BC; end of assembly trials 355 BC). For instance
Athenian_democracy
Work by Aristotle
Alcmaeonidae until the fall of the Thirty and the restoration of democracy in 403 BC. The lost beginning, which is not preserved on the London papyrus but survives
Constitution of the Athenians (Aristotle)
Constitution_of_the_Athenians_(Aristotle)
Capital punishment in premodern East Asia
period (770 BC – 403 BC), there are records of exterminations of "three clans" (三族). A notable case was under the State of Qin in 338 BC: lawmaker Shang
Nine_familial_exterminations
Spartan military and political leader (died 395 BC)
government, led the democratic resistance to the new oligarchic government. In 403 BC, he commanded a small force of exiles that invaded Attica and, in successive
Lysander
Senate of ancient Sparta
gerontes, the ephors, and the other king; in the trial of king Pausanias, in 403 BC, fourteen gerontes and king Agis II voted guilty, and rest of the gerontes
Gerousia
Oration by Lysias (403 BC)
the Peloponnesian War, of the murder of his brother, Polemarchus (around 403 BCE). Lysias's career as a speech writer, or logographer, was interrupted
Against_Eratosthenes
Ancient Greek city state in Sicily
from 460 BC to 403 BC, which was probably the most flourishing in the history of the city. Tetradrachm minted in Naxos from the 5th century BC. Drachm
Naxos_(Sicily)
Ancient Greek dialect
This was further enhanced by the writing reform implemented in Athens in 403 BC, whereby the old Attic alphabet was replaced by the Ionic alphabet, as used
Ionic_Greek
Late 5th/early 4th-century BC Athenian politician
influence between the restoration of democracy in 403 BC and the beginning of the Corinthian War in 395 BC. In the early days of the restored democracy, he
Archinus
Hill in Athens, Greece
allies in Athens installed a dictatorship, called the Thirty Tyrants. In 403 BC, the democrats seized power again and the meetings at the Pnyx resumed.
Pnyx
130-68 BC)[a][b][c][d][e] Antiphon, (480-403 BC)[d] Antisthenes, (c. 444-365 BC)[b][c][d] Arcesilaus, (316-241 BC)[a][b][c][d][e] Archimedes, (d. 212 BC) Archytas
List of philosophers born in the centuries BC
List_of_philosophers_born_in_the_centuries_BC
Name list
Macedonian historian Leon of Phlius (fl. c. 620 BC), tyrant of his city Leon of Salamis (died 406 or 403 BC), Athenian politician and naval commander Leon
Leon_(given_name)
Indo-European language
essentially the late Ionic variant, introduced for writing classical Attic in 403 BC. In classical Greek, as in classical Latin, only upper-case letters existed
Greek_language
Roman Republican consular tribune in 403 BC
Marcus Furius Fusus was a consular tribune of the Roman Republic in 403 BC. Furius belonged to the Furia gens, an old and powerful patrician gentes of
Marcus_Furius_Fusus
Athenian oligarch, member of the Thirty Tyrants
aged at least 18 in 411 BC to have served as a trierarch, and at least 30 by the time of the Thirty Tyrants period in 403/2 BC. But "On the Murder of Eratosthenes"
Eratosthenes_(Thirty_Tyrants)
403 BC. Not all historians will accept a single year as a clean cutoff date, and some will choose arbitrarily. In the beginning of the 5th century BC
Military of the Warring States
Military_of_the_Warring_States
p. 317) or more precisely: May 12, 1274 BC based on Ramesses' commonly accepted accession date in 1279 BC. "Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald
List_of_battles_before_301
Ruler of the Chinese state of Han from 408 BC to 400 BC
BC), personal name Han Qian, was leader of the Han clan in the Jin state from 408 BC to 403 BC, and the founding marquess of the Han state from 403 BC
Marquess_Jing_of_Han
Athenian speechwriter (c. 445–c. 380 BC)
fraction. From 403 to about 380 BC, his industry must have been incessant. The notices of his personal life in these years are scanty. In 403 he came forward
Lysias
Political office in ancient Rome
509–479 BC: 1 September–29 August (August had only 29 days in Ancient Rome) 478–451 BC: 1 August–31 July 450–403 BC: 13 December–12 December 402–393 BC: 1
Roman_consul
Dialog by Plato
too much distance of time between the oligarch Critias (460–403 BC) and Solon (638–558 BC), the famous lawmaker, who supposedly brought the Atlantis story
Critias_(dialogue)
Roman politician, consular tribune 403 BC
tribune in 403 BC, he carried on the war with Veii. Lucius Julius Iulus was the son of Spurius, and grandson of Vopiscus, who had been consul, 473 BC. His uncle
Lucius Julius Iulus (consular tribune 403 BC)
Lucius_Julius_Iulus_(consular_tribune_403_BC)
Topics referred to by the same term
Avatar: The Last Airbender Zhao (state) (403 BC–222 BC), a Warring States period state Triệu dynasty (204 BC–111 BC), or Zhao dynasty, the ruling house of
Zhao
Ancient Greek maxim
describes the overthrow of the Thirty Tyrants by the citizens of Athens in 403 BC, after which Thrasybulus addresses the defeated tyrants as follows: "I advise
Know_thyself
c. BC - post 475 BC) Aeschylus (525 - 456 BC) Pindar (ca. 518 - ca. 438 BC) Sophocles (495 - 405 BC) Euripides (480 - 406 BC) Critias (460 - 403 BC) Aristophanes
5th_century_BC_in_poetry
City in Sicily, Italy
the defeat of the Athenians, Catania was again threatened by Syracuse. In 403 BC, Dionysius I of Syracuse plundered the city, sold its citizens as slaves
Catania
of Amphitrope (Greek: Ἁγνόδωρος) was the brother-in-law of Critias (460–403 BC), the ancient Athenian political figure and author. Both were associated
Hagnodorus
Late 5th century BC Roman consular tribune
Marcus Quinctilius Varus was a consular tribune of the Roman Republic in 403 BC. Quinctilius belonged to the Quinctilia gens, an obscure gens of the Republic
Marcus_Quinctilius_Varus
5th-century BC patrician and consular tribune
BC before taking his life after they were overthrown. Following filiations Claudius is the father of Appius Claudius Crassus, consular tribune in 403
Appius Claudius Crassus (consular tribune 424 BC)
Appius_Claudius_Crassus_(consular_tribune_424_BC)
121 Powell, Anton (2006), "Why did Sparta not destroy Athens in 404, or 403 BC?", in Hodkinson, Stephen; Powell, Anton (eds.), Sparta & War, Proceedings
History_of_Sparta
Imperial dynasty of China (618–907)
covered the history of China from the beginning of the Warring States in 403 BC until the beginning of the Song dynasty in 960. During the rule of the Tang
Tang_dynasty
Ancient Roman family
censor in 403 BC, imposed a fine on men who did not marry before they were elderly. Aulus Postumius Albinus Regillensis, consular tribune in 397 BC, intercepted
Postumia_gens
American historian (1894–1986)
Chicago. His doctoral dissertation was The Athenian Political Amnesty of 403 BC. American Philological Association (29 May 1994). Biographical Dictionary
Alfred_Paul_Dorjahn
prior to 841 BC, the beginning of the Gonghe Regency, are provisional and subject to dispute. Contents: Antiquity · Centuries: 22nd BC · 21st BC Centuries:
Timeline_of_Chinese_history
Byzantine Empire, Kingdom of Greece and the Third Hellenic Republic between 3000 BC and the present day. It is not exhaustive. ( * ) The Kingdom of Pergamon helped
List_of_wars_involving_Greece
1st-millennium BC state in eastern China
于越), was a state in ancient China which existed during the first millennium BC – the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods of China's Zhou dynasty
Yue_(state)
Sounds and pronunciation of Ancient Greek
Athens took over the orthographic conventions of the Ionic alphabet in 403 BC. In the earlier, traditional Attic orthography there was only a smaller
Ancient_Greek_phonology
Roman tax paid by those who reached adulthood without marrying,
privileged position in Roman society. It was first imposed by the censors in 403 BC under the Lex Papia Poppaea. It was one of the many measures against caelibes
Aes_uxorium
Calendar year
Year 406 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Tribunate of Cossus, Ambustus, Cossus and Potitus
406_BC
Harbour of Athens and a port city in Attica, Greece
prosperous Rhodes, which became the dominant commercial force in the region. In 403 BC, Munichia was seized by Thrasybulus and the exiles from Phyle, in the battle
Piraeus
Evolution of ancient Rome's armed forces
light infantry and irregular rorarii.[citation needed] The Roman levy of 403 BC was the first to be requested to campaign for longer than a single season
Structural history of the Roman military
Structural_history_of_the_Roman_military
Athenian general and politician (c. 440 – 388 BC)
his followers, who assisted him in preparing for a return to Athens. In 403 BC, he led a party of 70 exiles to seize Phyle, a defensible location on the
Thrasybulus
Municipality in Sicily, Italy
tyrant of Gela, captured it in 494 BC. Its opposition to Syracuse ultimately led to its capture and destruction in 403 BC at the hands of Dionysius the tyrant
Giardini_Naxos
Historical summary of Athens
Athens 1556 BC–1068 BC City-state of Athens 1068 BC–322 BC Hellenic League 338 BC–323 BC Hellenistic Athens 322 BC–86 BC Roman Republic 86 BC–27 BC Roman Empire
History_of_Athens
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