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2022-03-27 05:01:05

The Ultimate Guide To Induction Motors - Edison Tech Center

Self-starting polyphase induction motors produce torque even at grinding halt. Offered squirrel-cage induction motor starting approaches consist of direct-on-line starting, reduced-voltage reactor or auto-transformer starting, star-delta starting or, progressively, brand-new solid-state soft assemblies and, of course, variable frequency drives (VFDs). Polyphase motors have actually rotor bars shaped to give different speed-torque characteristics. The present circulation within the rotor bars differs depending upon the frequency of the induced current.

The different bar shapes can provide usefully different speed-torque attributes in addition to some control over the inrush present at startup. Although polyphase motors are inherently self-starting, their beginning and pull-up torque design limitations should be high sufficient to overcome actual load conditions. In wound rotor motors, rotor circuit connection through slip rings to external resistances allows modification of speed-torque characteristics for velocity control and speed control functions.

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Applications such as electric overhead cranes utilized DC drives or injury rotor motors (WRIM) with slip rings for rotor circuit connection to variable external resistance enabling significant variety of speed control. However, resistor losses connected with low speed operation of WRIMs is a significant expense disadvantage, particularly for constant loads.

The speed of a pair of slip-ring motors can be controlled by a waterfall connection, or concatenation. The rotor of one motor is connected to the stator of the other. If the 2 motors are likewise mechanically linked, they will run at half speed. This system was when commonly used in three-phase AC train locomotives, such as FS Class E. 333.

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The most common efficient way to control asynchronous motor speed of numerous loads is with VFDs. Barriers to adoption of VFDs due to cost and reliability considerations have been lowered significantly over the previous 3 decades such that it is approximated that drive innovation is adopted in as many as 3040% of all newly set up motors.

With scalar control, only the magnitude and frequency of the supply voltage are managed without stage control (missing feedback by rotor position). Scalar control appropriates for application where the load is continuous. Vector control allows independent control of the speed and torque of the motor, making it possible to maintain a continuous rotation speed at varying load torque.